US3845543A - Method of producing a vacuum switch contact - Google Patents

Method of producing a vacuum switch contact Download PDF

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US3845543A
US3845543A US00334889A US33488973A US3845543A US 3845543 A US3845543 A US 3845543A US 00334889 A US00334889 A US 00334889A US 33488973 A US33488973 A US 33488973A US 3845543 A US3845543 A US 3845543A
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support material
vacuum
vapor pressure
coated
supply
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US00334889A
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A Roth
J Amsler
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Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH
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Sprecher und Schuh AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49105—Switch making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49208—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts
    • Y10T29/4921—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding
    • Y10T29/49211—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding of fused material
    • Y10T29/49213—Metal

Definitions

  • the sheet metal is formed into thin layers which are pressed together and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the high vapor pres- [56] References Clted sure material until diffusion of the two materials and UNITED STATES PATENTS soldering of the compressed layers of sheet metal take 2,234,834 3/1941 Scott 200/166 C place, whereupon the contact is cooled and removed 3,l25,654 3/l964 Arnold...
  • the invention relates to a method of producing a vacuum switch contact with a support material having a low vapor pressure and a material which is vaporcoated in vacuo on the support material and which has a high vapor pressure, the contact beingheated in vacuo to a given temperature until the two materials are alloyed by diffusion.
  • Switch contacts for vacuum switches must have a high mechanical strength and be so made as not to weld together in the make position.
  • High mechanical strength materials for example, iron, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, have a very low vapor pressure and high are voltage, andthis results in break-down of the are for interruption before the current passes through zero.
  • Low vapor pressure materials also tend to weld when used as contact material.
  • the contact'surfaces are alloyed with a high vapor pressure material, and this results in some brittleness of the contact surfaces.
  • the high vapor pressure material having the low arc voltage prevents breakdown of the arc for interruption before the current-passes through zero.
  • a vacuum switch wherein the contact members consist of a high arc voltage material and in which the contact surface is provided with recesses into which is fitted a material having a low arc, voltage.
  • the contact members are heated in vacuo to a given temperature until alloying of the two materials takes place by diffusion, whereupon excess high are voltage material adjoining the alloy is removed from the contact surface.
  • the low arc voltage material can be applied to the high arc voltage material before diffusion by electroplating or vapor deposition.
  • the known contacts are very expensive to manufacture because the high mechanical strength material is first degassed in vacuo, for example by the zone melta method of producing a vacuum switch contact with a support material having a low vapor pressure and a material which is vapor-coated in vacuo on the support material and which has a high vapor pressure, the contact being heated in vacuo to a given temperature until the two materials are alloyed by the method being characterised in that the support material is made from thin sheet metal and is taken through'a production line in a vacuum tank in order to form it into a solid contact consisting of a plurality of layers, the support material first being provisionally heated to a temperature above 600C.
  • the thin sheet-metal is wound into a reel in the form of strip and is introduced in such form into the vacuum tank, where it 'is continuously unwound, degassed, coated and re-wound for performing the other stages of the method.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a strip production line.
  • FIG. 2 shows a contact made by coiling.
  • FIG. 3 diagrammatically illustrates a plate production line.
  • FIG. 4 shows a contact made from plates.
  • The'production line shown in FIG. 1 is accommodated in a vacuum tank 1 connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the support material consists of a thin metal strip 2 which is introduced into the vacuum tank 1 in the form of a reel 3.
  • the lid (not shown) of the vacuum tank 1 is removable for this purpose and is disposed parallel to the plane of the drawing.
  • the support material has a high mechanical strength, a low vapor pressure and high are voltage, and preferably consists of iron, copper, tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum.
  • the metal strip 2 is pulled between the guide rollers 4 in the vacuum tank 1 and is secured to the roller 5.
  • the vacuum tank 1 is then closed so as to be vacuum-tight and is evacuated to a vacuum of at least 10 torr.
  • the strip 2 is then transferred from the reel 3 to the reel 5.
  • the strip 2 first passes through the continuous furnace 6, where it is provisionally heated to a temperature above 600C.
  • the strip 2 has a thickness of between 0.05 mm, and 0.5 mm.
  • Such metal strip can be very satisfactorily degassed in a vacuum of at least 10" Torr and at temperatures of above 600C.
  • the thus degassed strip 2 then passes through the vapor tunnel 7, where it is vapor-coated, in known manner, with a material having a high vapor pressure and a low arc voltage. Material having a high vapor pressure is preferably bismuth, tin, lead or beryllium.
  • the strip 2 is then wound onto the reel 5, so that the layers of the strip are pressed tightly in contact.
  • the heating system 8 is switched on.
  • the entire reel 5 is heated above the melting point of the material having the high vapor pressure and is kept at this temperature until diffusion of the two materials and soldering of the layers of strip occurs.
  • the heating system 8 is then switched off and the strip 5 is cooled.
  • the solid contact member 9 (FIG. 2) can be removed from the vacuum tank 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows another variant of the production process in which thin sheets are introduced in the form of stacked plates 10 into the vacuum tank 1.
  • the plates are placed in a magazine 11.
  • the plates 10 are pushed forward in the magazine 11 by means of a plate 12 actuated from the exterior.
  • An actuating rod 13 for the plate 12 is surrounded by bellows 14 so as to be vacuum-tight.
  • a roller 15 bearing resiliently on the plates 10 can be rotated from outside by means of an electric drive, so that the top plate 10 in the magazine 11 is pushed between the rotating guide rollers 16.
  • the plates 10 are guided at both sides. They pass through the continuous furnace 6 and the vapor tunnel 7 and are stacked in the magazine 17 at the end.
  • the roller 18 bears resiliently on the plates 10 and can be rotated from outside by an electrical drive, to push the plates 10 into the magazine 17.
  • the guide plate 19 in the magazine 17 has a relatively considerable frictional resistance.
  • the stack of plates is pressed together from outside by means of the pressure plate 20.
  • Actuating rods 21 for the plate are surrounded by bellows 22 so as to be vacuum-tight.
  • a heater 23 is disposed around the magazine 17.
  • the pressure plate 20 is also provided with heater elements. The pressed stack of plates in the magazine 17 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the material having the high vapor pressure until diffusion of both materials and soldering of the compressed plates is effected. The heating 23 is then switched off, the stack is cooled and the vacuum tank 1 is opened.
  • the finished contact member 24 as shown in H6. 4 can then be removed from the vacuum tank 1.
  • a method of producing a vacuum switch contact constituted by a support material having a low vapor pressure and a further material having a high vapor pressure deposited on the support material by evaporation in vacuo comprising placing a supply of the support material in sheet form having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm in a vacuum chamber at a vacuum pressure of at least 10' Torr, heating successive sections of said supply of support material in said chamber to a temperature above 600C to degas the material, subsequently vapor-coating in said chamber said successive sections of the support material with said further material of high vapor pressure, reforming in said chamber the now coated support material into its original supply form, subjecting the supply of coated support material in said vacuum chamber to a compressive force at a temperature above the melting point of said further material to effect diffusion of the two materials and joinder thereof, and then cooling and removing the now formed contact from the vacuum chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing a vacuum switch contact in which a support material in the form of thin sheet metal having a low vapor pressure is placed in a vacuum chamber and heated to a temperature above 600*C to degas it. The support material is then vapor coated in vacuo with a material having a high vapor pressure. The sheet metal is formed into thin layers which are pressed together and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the high vapor pressure material until diffusion of the two materials and soldering of the compressed layers of sheet metal take place, whereupon the contact is cooled and removed from the vacuum tank.

Description

United States Patent Roth et al. 1 1 Nov. 5, 1974 [54] METHOD OF PRODUCING A VACUUM 3,590,467 7 1971 Chase et aL 29 502 X SWITCH CONTACT 3,770,497 11/1973 Hassler et a1. 29/630 C [75] Inventors: Adrian W. Roth, Aarau; Joachim FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS Amsler, Seon, both of Switzerland 1.808.810 6/1970 Germany...- 200/166 C 73 A :S h &ShhAG,A l 1 sslgnee al 52 c u arau Primary Examiner-Andrew R. Juhasz v Assistant Examiner-Ronald J. Shore Flledi 22, 1973 Attorney, Agent, or FirmWaters, Roditi. Schwartz & 121 Appl. No.: 334,889 N'sscn 57 ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data 17 1972 Switzerland 4036/72 A method of produclng a vacuum swltch contact 1n which a support material in the form of thin sheet v metal having a low vapor pressure is placed in a vac- [52] Cl f uum chamber and heated to a temperature above I t Cl B23k 31/02 600C to degas it. The support material is then vapor 8 502 630 coated in vacuo with a material having a high vapor o 166 7 26/622 pressure. The sheet metal is formed into thin layers which are pressed together and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the high vapor pres- [56] References Clted sure material until diffusion of the two materials and UNITED STATES PATENTS soldering of the compressed layers of sheet metal take 2,234,834 3/1941 Scott 200/166 C place, whereupon the contact is cooled and removed 3,l25,654 3/l964 Arnold... 200/166 C from the vacuum tank 3,497,944 3/1970 Antle 29/494 0 3,566,463 3/1971 Kobayashi et al 200/166 0 X 3 ClalmS, 4 Drawing Flgul'es The invention relates to a method of producing a vacuum switch contact with a support material having a low vapor pressure and a material which is vaporcoated in vacuo on the support material and which has a high vapor pressure, the contact beingheated in vacuo to a given temperature until the two materials are alloyed by diffusion.
Switch contacts for vacuum switches must have a high mechanical strength and be so made as not to weld together in the make position. High mechanical strength materials, for example, iron, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, have a very low vapor pressure and high are voltage, andthis results in break-down of the are for interruption before the current passes through zero. Low vapor pressure materials also tend to weld when used as contact material. To prevent welding of the contacts made from a low vapor pressure material, the contact'surfaces are alloyed with a high vapor pressure material, and this results in some brittleness of the contact surfaces. The high vapor pressure material having the low arc voltage prevents breakdown of the arc for interruption before the current-passes through zero.
A vacuum switch is known wherein the contact members consist of a high arc voltage material and in which the contact surface is provided with recesses into which is fitted a material having a low arc, voltage. The contact members are heated in vacuo to a given temperature until alloying of the two materials takes place by diffusion, whereupon excess high are voltage material adjoining the alloy is removed from the contact surface. The low arc voltage material can be applied to the high arc voltage material before diffusion by electroplating or vapor deposition.
Complete degassing of the high mechanical strength support material is very important in vacuum switches. Contacts which have not been completely degassed throughout their mass may, in the event of intensive heating or cracking in the contact member, give off gas and, on a pressure rise, cause themalfunctioning of the vacuum switch.
The known contacts are very expensive to manufacture because the high mechanical strength material is first degassed in vacuo, for example by the zone melta method of producing a vacuum switch contact with a support material having a low vapor pressure and a material which is vapor-coated in vacuo on the support material and which has a high vapor pressure, the contact being heated in vacuo to a given temperature until the two materials are alloyed by the method being characterised in that the support material is made from thin sheet metal and is taken through'a production line in a vacuum tank in order to form it into a solid contact consisting of a plurality of layers, the support material first being provisionally heated to a temperature above 600C. in the production line in order to degas it, and then in the next stage of the method is vapor-coated in known manner with the high vapor pressure material, and in the next stage of the process the thin layers of sheet-metal are pressed together and heated to a tempe'rature above the melting point of the high vapor pressure material until diffusion of the two materials and soldering of the compressed layers of sheet metal take place, whereupon the contact is cooled and removed from the vacuum tank.
The thin sheet-metal is wound into a reel in the form of strip and is introduced in such form into the vacuum tank, where it 'is continuously unwound, degassed, coated and re-wound for performing the other stages of the method.
Tests have shown that support material made from sheet-metal of thicknesses between 0.05 and 0.5 mm can be degassed in an economically advantageous way at a temperature of somewhat above 600C and a vacuum of above 10 Torr. Sheets thicker than 0.5 mm require an uneconomically long period for degassing. The method according to the invention enables the support material to be degassed with avoidance of the liquid phase.
Following is a description by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings of one method of carrying the invention into effect.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a strip production line.
FIG. 2 shows a contact made by coiling.
FIG. 3 diagrammatically illustrates a plate production line.
FIG. 4 shows a contact made from plates.
The'production line shown in FIG. 1 is accommodated in a vacuum tank 1 connected to a vacuum pump. The support material consists of a thin metal strip 2 which is introduced into the vacuum tank 1 in the form of a reel 3. The lid (not shown) of the vacuum tank 1 is removable for this purpose and is disposed parallel to the plane of the drawing. The support material has a high mechanical strength, a low vapor pressure and high are voltage, and preferably consists of iron, copper, tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum. The metal strip 2 is pulled between the guide rollers 4 in the vacuum tank 1 and is secured to the roller 5. The vacuum tank 1 is then closed so as to be vacuum-tight and is evacuated to a vacuum of at least 10 torr. The strip 2 is then transferred from the reel 3 to the reel 5. The strip 2 first passes through the continuous furnace 6, where it is provisionally heated to a temperature above 600C. The strip 2 has a thickness of between 0.05 mm, and 0.5 mm. Such metal strip can be very satisfactorily degassed in a vacuum of at least 10" Torr and at temperatures of above 600C. The thus degassed strip 2 then passes through the vapor tunnel 7, where it is vapor-coated, in known manner, with a material having a high vapor pressure and a low arc voltage. Material having a high vapor pressure is preferably bismuth, tin, lead or beryllium. The strip 2 is then wound onto the reel 5, so that the layers of the strip are pressed tightly in contact. When the entire strip 2 has been wound on the reel 5, the heating system 8 is switched on. The entire reel 5 is heated above the melting point of the material having the high vapor pressure and is kept at this temperature until diffusion of the two materials and soldering of the layers of strip occurs. The heating system 8 is then switched off and the strip 5 is cooled.
After removal of the lid, the solid contact member 9 (FIG. 2) can be removed from the vacuum tank 1.
FIG. 3 shows another variant of the production process in which thin sheets are introduced in the form of stacked plates 10 into the vacuum tank 1. The plates are placed in a magazine 11. The plates 10 are pushed forward in the magazine 11 by means of a plate 12 actuated from the exterior. An actuating rod 13 for the plate 12 is surrounded by bellows 14 so as to be vacuum-tight. A roller 15 bearing resiliently on the plates 10 can be rotated from outside by means of an electric drive, so that the top plate 10 in the magazine 11 is pushed between the rotating guide rollers 16. The plates 10 are guided at both sides. They pass through the continuous furnace 6 and the vapor tunnel 7 and are stacked in the magazine 17 at the end. The roller 18 bears resiliently on the plates 10 and can be rotated from outside by an electrical drive, to push the plates 10 into the magazine 17. The guide plate 19 in the magazine 17 has a relatively considerable frictional resistance. When all the plates 10 have been introduced into the magazine 17, the stack of plates is pressed together from outside by means of the pressure plate 20. Actuating rods 21 for the plate are surrounded by bellows 22 so as to be vacuum-tight. A heater 23 is disposed around the magazine 17. The pressure plate 20 is also provided with heater elements. The pressed stack of plates in the magazine 17 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the material having the high vapor pressure until diffusion of both materials and soldering of the compressed plates is effected. The heating 23 is then switched off, the stack is cooled and the vacuum tank 1 is opened.
The finished contact member 24 as shown in H6. 4 can then be removed from the vacuum tank 1.
We claim:
1. A method of producing a vacuum switch contact constituted by a support material having a low vapor pressure and a further material having a high vapor pressure deposited on the support material by evaporation in vacuo, said method comprising placing a supply of the support material in sheet form having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm in a vacuum chamber at a vacuum pressure of at least 10' Torr, heating successive sections of said supply of support material in said chamber to a temperature above 600C to degas the material, subsequently vapor-coating in said chamber said successive sections of the support material with said further material of high vapor pressure, reforming in said chamber the now coated support material into its original supply form, subjecting the supply of coated support material in said vacuum chamber to a compressive force at a temperature above the melting point of said further material to effect diffusion of the two materials and joinder thereof, and then cooling and removing the now formed contact from the vacuum chamber.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supply of support material is in the form of thin sheet metal wound in the form of a reel, the heating of successive sections of said material to degas the same being effected by continously unwinding the sheet metal and passing it through a furnace disposed in said vacuum chamber, the reforming of the coated material being effected by rewinding the coated material in the form of a reel.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supply of support material is in the form of thin sheets stacked on one another, the sheets being individually degassed and coated and then reformed by being re-stacked.

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing a vacuum switch contact constituted by a support material having a low vapor pressure and a further material having a high vapor pressure deposited on the support material by evaporation in vacuo, said method comprising placing a supply of the support material in sheet form having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm in a vacuum chamber at a vacuum pressure of at least 10 3 Torr, heating successive sections of said supply of support material in said chamber to a temperature above 600*C to degas the material, subsequently vapor-coating in said chamber said successive sections of the support material with said further material of high vapor pressure, reforming in said chamber the now coated support material into its original supply form, subjecting the supply of coated support material in said vacuum chamber to a compressive force at a temperature above the melting point of said further material to effect diffusion of the two materials and joinder thereof, and then cooling and removing the now formed contact from the vacuum chamber.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supply of support material is in the form of thin sheet metal wound in the form of a reel, the heating of successive sections of said material to degas the same being effected by continously unwinding the sheet metal and passing it through a furnace disposed in said vacuum chamber, the reforming of the coated material being effected by rewinding the coated material in the form of a reel.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supply of support material is in the form of thin sheets stacked on one another, the sheets being individually degassed and coated and then reformed by being re-stacked.
US00334889A 1972-03-17 1973-02-22 Method of producing a vacuum switch contact Expired - Lifetime US3845543A (en)

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CH403672A CH529435A (en) 1972-03-17 1972-03-17 Process for producing a vacuum switch contact

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3941299A (en) * 1974-08-26 1976-03-02 Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation Method of brazing Cu alloys to Ag-Cdo alloys
US4011982A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-03-15 Airco, Inc. Surface joining by bonding of metal and deposited metal
US4771537A (en) * 1985-12-20 1988-09-20 Olin Corporation Method of joining metallic components
US5050293A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-09-24 General Dynamics Corporation/Space Systems Div. Method of making a laminated conductor for high current coils
US6022832A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-02-08 American Superconductor Corporation Low vacuum vapor process for producing superconductor articles with epitaxial layers
US6027564A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-02-22 American Superconductor Corporation Low vacuum vapor process for producing epitaxial layers
US6428635B1 (en) 1997-10-01 2002-08-06 American Superconductor Corporation Substrates for superconductors
US6458223B1 (en) 1997-10-01 2002-10-01 American Superconductor Corporation Alloy materials
US6475311B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2002-11-05 American Superconductor Corporation Alloy materials
WO2006079495A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-03 Abb Technology Ag Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber
US20060278507A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2006-12-14 Gerhard Renner Contact piece made of tungsten provided with a corrosion-resistant layer made of a base metal

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3708158C2 (en) * 1987-03-13 1997-02-06 Aeg Vakuumschalttechnik Gmbh Switch contact for a vacuum switch and method for producing such a switch contact
DE4327714A1 (en) * 1993-08-18 1995-02-23 Abb Patent Gmbh Disc-shaped plate
DE19627956A1 (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-15 Abb Patent Gmbh Producing an electric contact element for a vacuum switching chamber

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US2234834A (en) * 1937-10-09 1941-03-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrical contact
US3125654A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-03-17 Electrical contacting surfaces
US3497944A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-03-03 Boeing Co Devices for vacuum brazing
DE1808810A1 (en) * 1968-11-14 1970-06-04 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Contact material for high performance vacuum switches
US3566463A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-03-02 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Method of producing a circuit breaker switch
US3590467A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-07-06 Corning Glass Works Method for bonding a crystal to a solid delay medium
US3770497A (en) * 1970-03-26 1973-11-06 Siemens Ag Method of producing a two layer contact piece

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2234834A (en) * 1937-10-09 1941-03-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrical contact
US3125654A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-03-17 Electrical contacting surfaces
US3497944A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-03-03 Boeing Co Devices for vacuum brazing
US3566463A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-03-02 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Method of producing a circuit breaker switch
DE1808810A1 (en) * 1968-11-14 1970-06-04 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Contact material for high performance vacuum switches
US3590467A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-07-06 Corning Glass Works Method for bonding a crystal to a solid delay medium
US3770497A (en) * 1970-03-26 1973-11-06 Siemens Ag Method of producing a two layer contact piece

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3941299A (en) * 1974-08-26 1976-03-02 Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation Method of brazing Cu alloys to Ag-Cdo alloys
US4011982A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-03-15 Airco, Inc. Surface joining by bonding of metal and deposited metal
US4771537A (en) * 1985-12-20 1988-09-20 Olin Corporation Method of joining metallic components
US5050293A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-09-24 General Dynamics Corporation/Space Systems Div. Method of making a laminated conductor for high current coils
US6022832A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-02-08 American Superconductor Corporation Low vacuum vapor process for producing superconductor articles with epitaxial layers
US6027564A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-02-22 American Superconductor Corporation Low vacuum vapor process for producing epitaxial layers
US6426320B1 (en) 1997-09-23 2002-07-30 American Superconductors Corporation Low vacuum vapor process for producing superconductor articles with epitaxial layers
US6458223B1 (en) 1997-10-01 2002-10-01 American Superconductor Corporation Alloy materials
US6428635B1 (en) 1997-10-01 2002-08-06 American Superconductor Corporation Substrates for superconductors
US6475311B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2002-11-05 American Superconductor Corporation Alloy materials
US20060278507A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2006-12-14 Gerhard Renner Contact piece made of tungsten provided with a corrosion-resistant layer made of a base metal
US7339127B2 (en) * 2003-04-22 2008-03-04 Louis Renner Gmbh Contact piece made of tungsten provided with a corrosion-resistant layer made of a base metal
WO2006079495A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-03 Abb Technology Ag Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber
US20080163476A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-07-10 Abb Technology Ag Process For Producing A Contact Piece, And Contact Piece For A Vacuum Interrupter Chamber Itself
US8302303B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2012-11-06 Abb Technology Ag Process for producing a contact piece
US20120312785A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2012-12-13 Abb Technology Ag Contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber
US8869393B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2014-10-28 Abb Technology Ag Contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber

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CH529435A (en) 1972-10-15
AT322662B (en) 1975-06-10
DE2301489A1 (en) 1973-10-31
GB1388782A (en) 1975-03-26

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