US3845485A - Non-rotating antenna - Google Patents

Non-rotating antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845485A
US3845485A US00352154A US35215473A US3845485A US 3845485 A US3845485 A US 3845485A US 00352154 A US00352154 A US 00352154A US 35215473 A US35215473 A US 35215473A US 3845485 A US3845485 A US 3845485A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
probes
cavity
antenna
rotating
distribution cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00352154A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Parker
C Lucanera
R Craine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Micronas GmbH
ITT Inc
Original Assignee
Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH filed Critical Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority to US00352154A priority Critical patent/US3845485A/en
Priority to DE2417653A priority patent/DE2417653A1/de
Priority to IT21196/74A priority patent/IT1006412B/it
Priority to GB1621974A priority patent/GB1460796A/en
Priority to FR7413507A priority patent/FR2226777A1/fr
Priority to JP4281074A priority patent/JPS5323075B2/ja
Priority to BE2053615A priority patent/BE814976R/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3845485A publication Critical patent/US3845485A/en
Assigned to ITT CORPORATION reassignment ITT CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude

Definitions

  • axial mode is induced in the distribution cavity by inhibiting or exciting currents to flow in certain ones of a plurality of probes arranged in a circle in the cavity. This is accomplished by means of switching devices incorporated into each of the probes and external digital logic for controlling the pattern of excitation.
  • the excitation voltage for each probe is supplied by the normal TEM mode of the input carrier signal. Diodes are placed at the base of each probe so that with the appropriate bias voltage applied, RF current is controlled.
  • This invention relates to a method for providing a rotating limacon radiation pattern from a non-rotating antenna and more particularly to a method of providing the required l Hz modulation in the distribution and mode generating cavity of a non-rotating Tacan antenna.
  • the distribution cavity of a Tacan antenna consists of an RF coaxial transmission line impedance transformer or an RF radial transmission line impedance trans former coupled between the power source of the transmitter and a plurality of output cables connected around the periphery of the transformer at the low impedance end (at the opposite end from the feed point). These output cables feed a plurality of radiators located concentrically around the periphery of a conductive cylindrical surface. Each output cable contains a two state RF switch, to produce the desired I35 Hz modulation required in present Tacan systems.
  • the required Hz modulation was provided by a second plurality of radiators located concentrically around the antenna and excited by a central radiating element or array.
  • a method of modulating a transmitter carrier signal in the distribution cavity of a non-rotating antenna, which antenna produces a limacon radiation pattern comprising injecting said transmitter carrier signal into the center conductor of an RF impedance transformer located within said distribution cavity, sequentially exciting, according to a predetermined pattern, a plurality of probes projecting into the distribution cavity to excite the H coaxial mode of propagation in the cavity, adjusting the phase of the RF currents in said excited probes to bring the resulting modulation component in phase with the carrier at a desired center frequency and extracting signals having the desired amplitude and phase functions from the outputs of said transformer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rotating limacon radiation pattern radiated by present Tacan antennas
  • FIG. 2 shows the cylindrical surface of a Tacan antenna having an array of radiators located around its periphery
  • FIG. 2a shows more clearly one of the radiators located on the periphery of the Tacan antenna and the means by which the radiator is fed;
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for modulating the transmitter output signal within the distribution cavity of an antenna according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the transformer and distribution cavity of FIG. 3 in a plan view taken from the front along line A-A;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the phase shift relationship between the carrier signal, or normal TEM coaxial mode of propagation, and an induced H coaxial mode of propagation within the distribution cavity of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows a single probe having a diode and a high impedance bias choke coupled to the control logic for biasing the diodes
  • FIGS. 7-13 illustrate various means of resistively and/or reactively loading the probes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rotating limacon pattern having a I35 Hz modulation component superimposed thereon for meeting the requirements of present Tacan systems.
  • the I35 Hz modulation component (ninth harmonic spatial function) is generated by sequentially switching the RF amplitude and phase of the radiators I located on the outer surface of antenna 2 shown in FIG. 2. Each column of radiators I is coupled to one of the outputs 6 located at the low impedance end of the RF impedance transformer.
  • the technique of sequentially switching an array of radiators on the antenna to generate the Hz component is not related to the problem of generating the IS Hz modulation component. A further discussion of this technique is not deemed necessary.
  • FIG. 3 shows a distribution and mode generating cavity 3 of a Tacan antenna having a single port input line and a multi-port output and having a plurality of radially located probes 4 projecting in from the outer wall of the transformer.
  • Each probe comprises a diode l0 grounded to the outer wall and a high impedance bias choke ll extending through cylindrical wall 15; coupled to the control logic 12 for biasing the diode to either conduct current or block current.
  • the excitation voltage on each probe 4 is supplied by the normal TEM mode of the carrier input signal.
  • the wall of the cavity tapers at 16 for coupling to transmitter output coaxial cable l7.
  • the required 15 Hz modulation is produced by sequentially biasing the diodes of radially located probes 4 projecting into the distribution cavity through its outer wall and near its input end to excite the H coaxial mode of propagation. said switching occurring according to a predetermined pattern and sequence.
  • Distribution and mode generating cavity 3 also contains an impedance transformer 14. As shown in FIG. 3, the impedance is reduced in stages so as not to sacrifice band width. Coupled to the low impedance and of impedance transformer 14 is a multi-port output consisting of output lines 6 which are each coupled to a respective column of radiators 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a configuration for generating 15 Hz modulation required by Tacan systems.
  • the transmitter output, or carrier signal is fed into center conductor 5.
  • the TEM mode, or normal coaxial mode then propagates along the distribution and mode generating cavity.
  • the H mode is induced by the excitation of probes 4 and propagates through the distribution cavity to the impedance transformer l4.
  • Thirty-two probes are located radially within the distribution cavity of the antenna. Certain of these probes have been given letter designations to facilitate the explanation of operation. It has been found that the excitation of three probes having the proper angular displacement is beneficial in reducing the H mode within the cavity.
  • FIG. 2a illustrates in more detail a radiator l and the means by which it is connected to the output of distribution cav' ity 3.
  • the dipole may be tubular such that the center conductor of coaxial cable 6 extends through element 18 and is coupled to element 19 at point 20.
  • the outer connector of coaxial cable 6 is coupled at the wall of antenna 2 to element 18.
  • the TEM mode, or normal coaxial mode in the transformer propagates along the distribution cavity, and its phase shift is a linear function of frequency as shown by curve A in FIG. 5.
  • the H mode induced by the excitation of probes 4 also propagates through the distribution cavity; however, its phase shift is a variable function of frequency. This is shown by curve B in FIG. 5.
  • the resulting modulation component may be brought into phase with the carrier near the design center frequency of the band.
  • the maximum bandwidth can then be determined from the dimensional considerations of the transformer section.
  • the adjustment of the phase of the RF current in the probe is accomplished by controlling the selfimpedance characteristic of the probe assembly.
  • the basic probe assembly is shown in FIG. 6. Diode I0 is grounded to the outer conductor of the transformer section and, at its other end, coupled to high impedance bias choke 11. The free end of choke II is coupled to the digital logic control.
  • FIGS. 7-l3 show various ways of resistively and/or reactively loading the probes.
  • FIG. 7 shows pure inductive loading
  • FIG. 8 pure capacitive loading
  • FIG. 9 pure resistive loading.
  • FIGS. 10-13 illustrate more complex loading techniques. The proper loading configuration would be a function of the particular problem to be solved and a particular environment.
  • a method of modulating a transmitter carrier signal in the distribution cavity of a non-rotating antenna, which antenna produces a limacon radiation pattern comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
US00352154A 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Non-rotating antenna Expired - Lifetime US3845485A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00352154A US3845485A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Non-rotating antenna
DE2417653A DE2417653A1 (de) 1973-04-18 1974-04-10 Antenne mit elektronischer strahlschwenkung
IT21196/74A IT1006412B (it) 1973-04-18 1974-04-10 Antenna non rotante
GB1621974A GB1460796A (en) 1973-04-18 1974-04-11 Non-rotating antenna array producing a rotating limacon
FR7413507A FR2226777A1 (it) 1973-04-18 1974-04-18
JP4281074A JPS5323075B2 (it) 1973-04-18 1974-04-18
BE2053615A BE814976R (fr) 1973-04-18 1974-05-14 Systeme d'antennes commande electroniquement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00352154A US3845485A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Non-rotating antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3845485A true US3845485A (en) 1974-10-29

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ID=23384008

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00352154A Expired - Lifetime US3845485A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Non-rotating antenna

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3845485A (it)
JP (1) JPS5323075B2 (it)
BE (1) BE814976R (it)
DE (1) DE2417653A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2226777A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1460796A (it)
IT (1) IT1006412B (it)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4260994A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-04-07 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Antenna pattern synthesis and shaping
EP0222086A3 (en) * 1982-10-16 1987-08-19 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh Polarizarion transformer
US6034574A (en) * 1997-03-21 2000-03-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Modulation apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6492942B1 (en) 1999-11-09 2002-12-10 Com Dev International, Inc. Content-based adaptive parasitic array antenna system

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3713167A (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-01-23 Us Navy Omni-steerable cardioid antenna

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3713167A (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-01-23 Us Navy Omni-steerable cardioid antenna

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4260994A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-04-07 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Antenna pattern synthesis and shaping
EP0222086A3 (en) * 1982-10-16 1987-08-19 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh Polarizarion transformer
US6034574A (en) * 1997-03-21 2000-03-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Modulation apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5323075B2 (it) 1978-07-12
GB1460796A (en) 1977-01-06
IT1006412B (it) 1976-09-30
FR2226777A1 (it) 1974-11-15
BE814976R (fr) 1974-11-14
JPS5010943A (it) 1975-02-04
DE2417653A1 (de) 1974-10-24

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ITT CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004389/0606

Effective date: 19831122