US3845373A - Motor-driven screw driver with automatic stopping means - Google Patents

Motor-driven screw driver with automatic stopping means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845373A
US3845373A US00362242A US36224273A US3845373A US 3845373 A US3845373 A US 3845373A US 00362242 A US00362242 A US 00362242A US 36224273 A US36224273 A US 36224273A US 3845373 A US3845373 A US 3845373A
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United States
Prior art keywords
motor
screw driver
driven screw
source
screw
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00362242A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Totsu
T Shimizu
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from JP5050972A external-priority patent/JPS5227400B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP3247173A external-priority patent/JPS5315240B2/ja
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Publication of US3845373A publication Critical patent/US3845373A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/40—Regulating or controlling the amount of current drawn or delivered by the motor for controlling the mechanical load

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for driving-in and out a screw which comprises in combination an electrically operated screw driver and electrical means for automatically controlling torque of the screw shank upon the final stage of screw fastening operation.
  • the automatic control of torque is accomplished by a switching circuit for detecting a load current flowing through the motor with a value of overload current larger than a predetermined value and a predetermined duration thereat so as to interrupt supplying current to the motor and subsequently restoring energization of the motor after lapse of a predetermined time interval.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for driving-in and out a screw comprising, in combination. a screw driver driven by an electric motor and a device for controlling torque of the motor so as to automatically stop it dependent upon load condition imposed on the screw shank of the screw driver.
  • motor-driven screw drivers of various types for fastening screws have been proposed which are incorporated with an electric motor and driven electrically thereby.
  • substantial part of the fastening process is carried out in a short period through rotation of the driver shank under high load condition in engagement with the screw slot. and the final fastening process is achieved by the correspondingly increased torque of the driver shank due to the frictional resistance between the screw and a screw receiving member.
  • a transistor switching circuit is provided in the power circuit formed on the voltage feed line connected to the motor section of the motondriven screw driven, so that the switching circuit effects switching action to interrupt a current supply circuit when the load current which increases steeply under reaction against rotation of the motor reaches a predetennined value at the final stage of fastening operation by means of the driver shank. While upon starting the motor an excessive load current beyond its rated current flows momentarily and thus the switching circuit operates immediately thereafter to switch-off the power circuit. In general. however. since such an excessive load current also flows instantaneously upon starting of the motor. the switching circuit tends to cut off the power circuit upon starting, thereby rendering an actual driving of the motor-driven screw driver impossible.
  • the screw driver assembly is suitable for repetitive fastening work as effected in the mass production line if the power circuit is so constructed that its current feed circuit can return to its active state afier lapse of the predetermined time interval.
  • a general purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for driving-in and out a screw which comprises in combination an electrically operated screw driver and electrical means for auto matically controlling torque of the screw shank upon final stage of the screw fastening operation.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a screw driving apparatus having an automatic stopping means.
  • a screw driving apparatus having an automatic stopping means.
  • which comprises in combination an electrically operated screw driver having a driver shank driven by an electric motor contained in the screw driver assembly and a switching circuit for detecting a load current flowing through the motor having both a value of overload current larger than a predetermined value and a predetermined duration thereat so as to interrupt supplying current to the motor and subsequently restoring energization of the motor after lapse of a predetermined time interval.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a screw driving apparatus of the type mentioned above which is characterized by comprising a transformer, a rectifying means to drive a dc. voltage, and a switching circuit including an adjustable constant voltage generator circuit connected to an output of said rectifying means and a load resistor connected to an output lead of the dc. voltage so as to compare a voltage across said load resistor produced by current passing through the motor with a predetermined voltage set by said constant voltage circuit and moreover so as to interrupt energization of the motor by activating relays when the current through said load resistor changes to an excessive current beyond a predetermined value and sustains such excessive value during a predetermined priod and enable said relays to restore after a predetermined time having elapsed.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a screwdriving apparatus of the type as described above, which is characterized by providing a polarity inverting switch between d.c. output leads and the drive motor, contacts of the polarity inverting switch for rotating the motor in the direction of driving-in the screw being connected via said switching circuit to an output of the rectifying means whereas contacts of the polarity inverting switch for reverse rotation of the motor being connected directly to the output of said rectifying means.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide a screw driving apparatus of the type as described above comprising an automatic stopping means for the motor upon fastening the screw, wherein a switch is connected in series with the capacitor parallel with the relay in the switching circuit for switching off the do voltage output lead so as to stop the switching action of the switching circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic construction of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • a screw driving apparatus is constructed in such a manner that a rectifying device 12 is connected to a commercially available power source E though a step-down transformer for deriving suitably lowered d.c. voltages and an output of the rectifying device 12 is connected to a switching circuit 14 which is main part of the invention, the output of the switching circuit 14 being connected to the input of a motor-driven scew driver 16.
  • a resistor R, and a Zener diode are connected in series between output leads I80 and 18b of the rectifying device 12 and a capacitor C, is connected in parallel with the Zener diode ZD so that a constant voltage is produced at junction point A.
  • a resistor R Across the Zener diode ZD a resistor R, and a variable resistor VR are connected in series so that a constant voltage can be derived adjustably from a sliding tap (p) of the variable resistor VR.
  • a load resistor R is connected to one of the output leads 18b of the constant voltage generator circuit thus constructed.
  • a load current I of the motor contained therein flows through the load resistor R, across which a voltage which is a function of the load current 1 appears.
  • a transistor TR is connected in parallel with the load risistor R
  • the transistor TR has an emitter ((2,) connected to the sliding tap (p) of the variable resistor VR and a base (b,) connected via a suitable protection resistor R, to the end of the load resistor R, opposite to the variable resistor VR.
  • a collector (c,) of the transistor TR is connected via series combination of resistors R, and R to the output lead 180.
  • junction point of the resistors R and R is connected to a base (12,) of a second transistor TR, the emitter (e,) of which is connected through a protection diode (D) to the output lead 18a and the collector (Cg) thereof is coupled to the output lead 18b through series combination of a resistor R and a relay RY, shunted by a capacitor C
  • a resistor R and a relay RY shunted by a capacitor C
  • a load current caused upon rotation of the motor contained in the screw driver assembly 16 flows through the circuits constructed as mentioned above, and if the collector current of the transistor TR, exceeds a predetermined value as the load current increase, the transistor TR, is turned on to pass the current on its collector (c,).
  • the capacitor C is charged fully by this collector current within a predetermined time of period (for example 0.1 to 0.3 seconds dependent upon a time con stant determined by the resistor R, and a capacitor C,, a voltage enough to activate the relay RY, appears across the capacitor C Therefore, the relay RY, does not respond to any instantaneous overcurrent produced upon starting of the motor, and it is ensured that the relay RY, becomes operative only when the capacitor C, is changed fully by sustaining overcurrent caused upon the final stage of fastening work with the motordriven screw driver 16.
  • a predetermined time of period for example 0.1 to 0.3 seconds dependent upon a time con stant determined by the resistor R, and a capacitor C,, a voltage enough to activate the relay RY, appears across the capacitor C Therefore, the relay RY, does not respond to any instantaneous overcurrent produced upon starting of the motor, and it is ensured that the relay RY, becomes operative only when the capacitor C, is changed fully by sustaining overcurrent caused upon the final stage of fastening
  • the load current becomes zero and thus the voltage at base (12,) of the transistor TR, decreases below that at the emitter (e,), so that its collector current (control current) also reduces and consequently the transistor TR, is turned off.
  • the latter due to discharging of the capacitor C, through the relay RY, the latter is maintained in its activated condition until the voltage across the capacitor C, decreases below a predetermined activation voltage for energizing the relay RY, in consequence of which the switching circuit 14 is held in the open state.
  • the time required for discharging of the capacitor C to a voltage thereacross lower than the predetermined activation'voltage of the relay RY is set, for example to several seconds, so that maximum efficiency in operation of the motor driven screw driver which acts as load can be obtained.
  • fastening operation can be achieved for example, within several seconds for each member or product to be screwed these members being successively fed; in mass production system.
  • the current supply to the motor-driven screw driver is interrupted automatically. thereby reducing shock upon stopping of the motor.
  • the switching circuit is turned on again before the next member or product to be screwed arrives at the fastening station, and the current is applied to the motor so as to start rotation of the driver shank again, resulting in the next fastening work being ready.
  • a polarity inverting switch 24 is connected between the dc.
  • the circuit connection is such that in the switch position for reverse rotation of the drive motor the input thereof is coupled directly't'o the rectifying device 12, thus by passing the load resistor R Therefore, upon driving the motor in rotation of reverse direction a higher torque than that produced upon forward roation of the motor is produced and this enables screws or nuts to be detached effectively.
  • the protection of the circuit arrangement is carried out by a circuit breaker 26 provided between one output of the rectifying device 12 and the output lead 18a.
  • a switch 28 is connected across the relay RY, in series with the capacitor C for activating the relay RY, and this switch 28 is located at the screw driver assembly itself or other suitable places.
  • the switch 28 is made open, the capacitor C is not charged and consequently the relay RY, can be deactivated. Therefore, when two or more kinds of fastening work which require extremely different torques are to be effected alternately, desired fastening within the range of maximum torque produced by the screw driving apparatus can be achieved successively without interruption by suitable manipulation of the switch 28.
  • terminals of the primary winding of the transformer are connected to a commercially available power source E through a fuse 32 and a switch 30, respectively, and the secondary winding of the transformer I0 is provided with a plurality of taps so that desired various voltages can be derived through a movable contact arm 34 by engaging it with any of said taps.
  • a smoothing capacitor 36 is connected at the output of the rectifying device 12 between the leads I80 and 18b.
  • the screw driving apparatus of the invention enables screw fastening work to be carried out together with rotating speed and fastening force adapted to desired screws or nuts, and renders it possible that the current feed circuit for driving the motor is opened by a load current or a short-circuit current which flows for a time of period set arbitrarily at a constant torque of fastening so that the motor is stopped automatically. As a result, shock occuring at the completion of fastening work can be eliminated. Then, within a predetermined interval after stopping the motor said circuit restores its active state to drive the motor again, and thus the next screw fastening work becmes ready immediately.
  • fastening work of various types can be ac complished by suitable interruption of operation of the switching circuit.
  • a screw driver apparatus comprising a motor driven screw driver, a selectively variable source of energy for energizing the motor driven screw driver with a prdetermined driving torque, a manually positionable electrical switch having at least two positions in one of which the motor driven screw driver is connected for energization by said source of energy through solely resistive loading means which produces a voltage drop the magnitude of which is related to the magnitude of the motor current flowing through the resistive loading means, and electircal circuit means including said resistive loading means and being operative in said one position of said electrical switch for (a) automatically terminating operation of the motor driven screw driver when the load current through said resistive loading means exceeds a predetermined magnitude for a predetermined time and (b) for resetting operation of the motor driven screw driver after a predetermined time subsequent to said termination of operation, said electrical switch in said other position thereof by-passing said circuit means and said loading means and being directly connected to said source of energy.
  • said circuit means comprises first and second transistors, each having an emitter, a base and a collector, the emitter of said first transistor being connected to an adjustable level of said source of energy
  • said loading means comprising a resistor electrically connected between said emitter and the base of said first transistor which when rendered conductive during abnormal current flow through said loading means causes current to flow through its collector whereby to forward bias the base of said second transistor in relation conductive
  • the collector of said second transistor being electrically connected to a relay having a capacitor connected in shunt therewith, said capacitor delaying for a predetermined time energization of said relay upon conduction of said second transistor to delay, for said predetermined time, opening of a switch contact adapted for series connection with the motor of the motor driven screw driver, said capacitor also delaying for a predetermined time deenergization of said energized relay after termination of operation of said motor driven screw driver.
  • said electrical switch has a pair of movable contacts movable for selective engagement with first and second fixed pairs of contacts, said movable contacts being connected to the motor of the motor driven screw driver, said first pair of contacts, through the intermediary of said series connected contact, being connected to said source of energy in series with said loading means, said second pair of contacts being connected to said source of energy for drive of the motor of the motor driven screw driver when said movable contacts engage said second pair of contacts, in a direction opposed to the direction of its drive when the movable contacts engage said first pair of contacts.
  • said motor of said mtor driven screw drivr is a dc. motor
  • said selectively variable source of energy comprising a transformer having a primary winding connected across a source of alternating current and a secondary with multiple taps each of different voltage, a selector switch for selecting said taps and being connected to a voltage rectifier for converting said alternating source into a direct current source whose magnitude depends on the tap on the secondary winding selected by said selector switch, said do motor being energized by said direct current source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
US00362242A 1972-05-22 1973-05-21 Motor-driven screw driver with automatic stopping means Expired - Lifetime US3845373A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5050972A JPS5227400B2 (de) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22
JP3247173A JPS5315240B2 (de) 1973-03-20 1973-03-20

Publications (1)

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US3845373A true US3845373A (en) 1974-10-29

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US (1) US3845373A (de)
CA (1) CA1006606A (de)
CH (1) CH556221A (de)
DE (1) DE2326027C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2185480B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1414337A (de)
NL (1) NL175888C (de)
SE (1) SE398314B (de)

Cited By (41)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052652A (en) * 1974-10-15 1977-10-04 Schwing Hydraulik Elektronik Kg Apparatus for tightening and releasing a pressure vessel clamping nut
US4056762A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-11-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stroke energy limited motor-driven screwdriver
US4156262A (en) * 1977-02-05 1979-05-22 Eller & Co., Vertriebs- und Ingenieursburo Overload-protection circuit for electric motors
US4166239A (en) * 1977-01-17 1979-08-28 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Roll film drive control arrangement
US4210852A (en) * 1975-11-14 1980-07-01 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Electric nutrunner
US4220900A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-09-02 Sky-Top Sunroofs Ltd. Motor control system for a linearly reciprocating load device such as automotive vehicle closure including sun roof
US4463293A (en) * 1982-03-25 1984-07-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for shutting off a power screwdriver
US4555093A (en) * 1982-10-19 1985-11-26 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Cable pulling device with force indicator and overload protection
US4559577A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-12-17 Nitto Kohki Co., Ltd. Drilling machine
US4680517A (en) * 1984-03-23 1987-07-14 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Motor drive control device
US4734629A (en) * 1985-08-09 1988-03-29 Black & Decker Inc. Variable speed trigger switch
US4893037A (en) * 1987-04-28 1990-01-09 Ab Electrolux Motor-driven cable reel assembly
US4930034A (en) * 1987-07-13 1990-05-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Protective circuit for a power pack for excitation or de-excitation of a superconduction coil system
US5306990A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-04-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric motor control apparatus including an output stage protected against malfunction and damage
EP0659525A2 (de) * 1993-09-30 1995-06-28 Black & Decker Inc. Verbesserungen an und in Bezug auf angetriebene Werkzeuge
US6304046B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2001-10-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Driving control circuit of a hood motor
US20070236839A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Vanruymbeke Gilles Power supply particularly for a meter-bus
US20090065225A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Black & Decker Inc. Switchable anti-lock control
US20090308628A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2009-12-17 Katsuyuki Totsu Rotary tool driven by brushless motor
US20100089600A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2010-04-15 Gianni Borinato Controlling method of electric tool and electric tool carrying out the controlling method
US20100101381A1 (en) * 2007-04-23 2010-04-29 Marc Gareis Power screwdriver
US20100116519A1 (en) * 2007-04-23 2010-05-13 Marc Gareis Power screwdriver
US7717192B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-05-18 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-mode drill with mode collar
US7717191B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-05-18 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-mode hammer drill with shift lock
US7735575B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-06-15 Black & Decker Inc. Hammer drill with hard hammer support structure
US7762349B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-07-27 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-speed drill and transmission with low gear only clutch
US7770660B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-08-10 Black & Decker Inc. Mid-handle drill construction and assembly process
US7798245B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-09-21 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-mode drill with an electronic switching arrangement
CN1743135B (zh) * 2004-08-30 2010-11-03 户津胜行 电动旋转工具的拧螺钉控制方法以及装置
US7854274B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2010-12-21 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-mode drill and transmission sub-assembly including a gear case cover supporting biasing
US20110303427A1 (en) * 2009-01-04 2011-12-15 Xiangyang Tang Electric tool and controlling method thereof
CN103433882A (zh) * 2013-09-02 2013-12-11 东莞市聚川装配自动化技术有限公司 一种电流反馈式数控电动螺丝刀及控制方法
US8919456B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2014-12-30 Black & Decker Inc. Fastener setting algorithm for drill driver
CN104339299A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2015-02-11 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 一种电动工具
CN104827276A (zh) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-12 海洋王（东莞）照明科技有限公司 旋转装配装置
US20150290784A1 (en) * 2012-11-09 2015-10-15 WAGNER VERMÖGENSVERWALTUNGS-GMBH & CO. KG ö Method for controlling a screwdriver and screwdriver
US9908182B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2018-03-06 Black & Decker Inc. Remote programming of a power tool
US10011006B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2018-07-03 Black & Decker Inc. Fastener setting algorithm for drill driver
CN110253272A (zh) * 2019-07-01 2019-09-20 友创工业股份有限公司 拧螺丝系统
US11855567B2 (en) 2020-12-18 2023-12-26 Black & Decker Inc. Impact tools and control modes
US12044530B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2024-07-23 Black & Decker Inc. Communication protocol for remotely controlled laser devices

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EP2149431A1 (de) 2008-07-31 2010-02-03 Alexander Kipfelsberger Schraubgerät mit Drehmomentbegrenzung

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US3395324A (en) * 1965-11-12 1968-07-30 Columbus Mckinnon Corp Solid state phase reversal protector for three phase hoist motor
US3644789A (en) * 1967-08-03 1972-02-22 English Electric Co Ltd Overcurrent relays
US3555357A (en) * 1969-07-03 1971-01-12 Motorola Inc Over-current protection for an alternating current circuit including automatic reset
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Cited By (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052652A (en) * 1974-10-15 1977-10-04 Schwing Hydraulik Elektronik Kg Apparatus for tightening and releasing a pressure vessel clamping nut
US4056762A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-11-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stroke energy limited motor-driven screwdriver
US4210852A (en) * 1975-11-14 1980-07-01 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Electric nutrunner
US4166239A (en) * 1977-01-17 1979-08-28 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Roll film drive control arrangement
US4156262A (en) * 1977-02-05 1979-05-22 Eller & Co., Vertriebs- und Ingenieursburo Overload-protection circuit for electric motors
US4220900A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-09-02 Sky-Top Sunroofs Ltd. Motor control system for a linearly reciprocating load device such as automotive vehicle closure including sun roof
US4463293A (en) * 1982-03-25 1984-07-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for shutting off a power screwdriver
US4559577A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-12-17 Nitto Kohki Co., Ltd. Drilling machine
US4555093A (en) * 1982-10-19 1985-11-26 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Cable pulling device with force indicator and overload protection
US4680517A (en) * 1984-03-23 1987-07-14 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Motor drive control device
US4734629A (en) * 1985-08-09 1988-03-29 Black & Decker Inc. Variable speed trigger switch
US4893037A (en) * 1987-04-28 1990-01-09 Ab Electrolux Motor-driven cable reel assembly
US4930034A (en) * 1987-07-13 1990-05-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Protective circuit for a power pack for excitation or de-excitation of a superconduction coil system
US5306990A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-04-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric motor control apparatus including an output stage protected against malfunction and damage
EP0659525A2 (de) * 1993-09-30 1995-06-28 Black & Decker Inc. Verbesserungen an und in Bezug auf angetriebene Werkzeuge
US5563482A (en) * 1993-09-30 1996-10-08 Black & Decker Inc. Power tools
EP0659525A3 (de) * 1993-09-30 1995-09-06 Black & Decker Inc Verbesserungen an und in Bezug auf angetriebene Werkzeuge.
US6304046B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2001-10-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Driving control circuit of a hood motor
US8636079B2 (en) 2004-07-23 2014-01-28 Katsuyuki Totsu Method of operating a rotary tool
US20090308628A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2009-12-17 Katsuyuki Totsu Rotary tool driven by brushless motor
US20110030981A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2011-02-10 Katsuyuki Totsu Method of operating a rotary tool
CN1743135B (zh) * 2004-08-30 2010-11-03 户津胜行 电动旋转工具的拧螺钉控制方法以及装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2185480B1 (de) 1977-07-29
CH556221A (de) 1974-11-29
DE2326027A1 (de) 1973-12-20
GB1414337A (en) 1975-11-19
FR2185480A1 (de) 1974-01-04
CA1006606A (en) 1977-03-08
DE2326027B2 (de) 1977-02-10
NL175888C (nl) 1985-01-16
DE2326027C3 (de) 1982-07-29
NL7307152A (de) 1973-11-26
SE398314B (sv) 1977-12-19
NL175888B (nl) 1984-08-16

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