US3844681A - Runner of hydraulic machine having rotatable blades - Google Patents

Runner of hydraulic machine having rotatable blades Download PDF

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Publication number
US3844681A
US3844681A US00332143A US33214373A US3844681A US 3844681 A US3844681 A US 3844681A US 00332143 A US00332143 A US 00332143A US 33214373 A US33214373 A US 33214373A US 3844681 A US3844681 A US 3844681A
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Prior art keywords
runner
rotatable
blades
cross
piece
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US00332143A
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L Smolyarov
E Sheshuko
A Kolesnikov
G Schegolev
S Granovsky
L Stankevich
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/14—Rotors having adjustable blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention can be advantageously used in the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines and in turbine-pump units of high capacity.
  • the present invention relates to hydraulic machines and more specifically to a runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades.
  • the invention can be most advantageously applied to the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines, as well as in high performance hydraulic pumps.
  • a prior art runner e.g., a Deriaz water turbine
  • levers fixed to the journals of rotatable blades.
  • the blades are rotated by means of a hydraulic servomotor having a winged piston via an intermediate shaft and a crosspiece.
  • the cross-piece is pivotally connected to the levers of the rotatable blades.
  • the pivot connection between the cross-piece and the levers is provided by means of spherical pins with a spherical head and floating slide blocks accommodated in the slots of the crosspiece.
  • the cross-piece and blade rotating means are arranged under the journals of the rotatable blades.
  • the levers of the rotatable blades, the pins with a spherical head and the floating slide blocks are referred to hereinbelow.
  • An important hydraulic torque is applied to the blades of the runner, with the force induced by this torque being transmitted to the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft.
  • This force gives rise to a great bending moment in the cross-piece, thereby resulting in a high bending stress in the walls of the slots thereof, as well as to a high torque in the intermediate shaft with a corresponding high torsional stress therein, which, in turn, results in considerable oversizing of these parts in high capacity machines taking into account the required strength of the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft.
  • This runner is also heavy and difflcult to manufacture.
  • Another object of the invention is to improve the cavitation characteristics of the runner.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide simpler structure for the runner.
  • a runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades comprising a housing accommodating a cross-piece pivotally connected to levers which are fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades and actuated by means of a servomotor having a winged piston
  • the rotatable blades of the winged piston of the servomotor are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece.
  • This runner is simpler in design and lighter in weight.
  • a runner of a Deriaz water turbine comprises a housing I (FIGS. 1, 3) accommodating levers 2 of rotatable blades 3, a cross-piece 4 and a servomotor 5 having a winged piston.
  • the levers 2 are fixed to journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3.
  • the cross-piece 4 is mounted above the journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3 and is pivotally connected to the levers 2.
  • One end of a pin 7 is fixed to the cross-piece 4, while the other end of the pin, which is provided with a spherical head 8, engages a floating slide block 9.
  • Each lever 2 is provided with a slot 10 extending at a right angle with respect to the axis of the pin 7 with the spherical head 8, and the floating slideblock 9 being accommodated in this slot 10.
  • the blades 3 are rotated by means of the servomotor 5 having a winged piston, and rotatable wings 11 (FIGS.
  • the axis of the pin 7a with the spherical head 8a extends in parallel to the axis of rotation of the blades 3, thereby making it possible to provide for removal of a cylinder 17 of the servomotor a provided with a winged piston.
  • the cylinder 17 is rigidly fixed to the runner housing la by means of bolts.
  • the fixed wings 13a (FIG. 4) are attached to the cylinder 17 of the servomotor 5a.
  • the runner is simple in design and smaller in size.
  • a runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades comprising a runner housing; journals for said rotatable blades; a cross-piece accommodated in said to which the fixed wings are attached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

Accommodated in the housing of the runner are levers of the rotatable blades, a cross-piece and a servomotor provided with a winged piston. The levers are fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades. With the cross-piece being arranged above the journals of the rotatable blades and pivotally connected to the levers. The blades are rotated by means of the servomotor having the winged piston which is provided with rotatable and fixed wings. The rotatable wings of the servomotor are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece. The invention can be advantageously used in the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines and in turbine-pump units of high capacity.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Kolesnikov et al.
[ 51 Oct. 29, 1974 1 1 RUNNER OF HYDRAULIC MACHINE HAVING ROTATABLE BLADES [76] Inventors: Alexandr Pavlovich Kolesnikov,
ulitsa Butlerova, 28, kv. 52; Gleb Stepanovich Schegolev, ulitsa Sinyavinskaya, 12, kv. 29; Semen Abramovich Granovsky, P.S. Bolshoi prospekt, 77, kv. 3; Ljudmila Ivanovna Stankevich, Lesnoi prospekt, 34/36, kv. 162, all of Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; Ljusien Grigorievich Smolyarov, deceased, late of Leningrad, U.S.S,R.; by Elena Gavrilovna Sheshuko, administratrix, prospekt Metallistov, 80, korpus 2, kv. 64, Leningrad, USSR [22] Filed: Feb. 13, 1973 [21] Appl. N0.: 332,143
[52] US. Cl. 416/157, 416/168 [51] Int. Cl. F0ld 7/00 [58] Field of Search 416/157 A, 168, 168 A,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,260,311 7/1966 Kovats 416/168 UX 3,291,086 12/1966 Haselton 416/245 UX 3,367,424 2/1968 Fukasu et a1 416/205 UX 3,647,320 3/1972 Chilman et a1. 416/157 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,111,453 10/1955 France 416/168 A 1,197,030 7/1970 Great Britain..
238,437 11/1969 U.S.S.R 416/157 A Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman & Stern 5 7 ABSTRACT Accommodated in the housing of the runner are levers of the rotatable blades, a cross-piece and a servomotor provided with a winged piston. The levers are fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades. With the crosspiece being arranged above the journals of the rotatable blades and pivotally connected to the levers. The blades are rotated by means of the servomotor having the winged piston which is provided with rotatable and fixed wings. The rotatable wings of the servomotor are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece.
The invention can be advantageously used in the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines and in turbine-pump units of high capacity.
2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENIEUncr 29 1974 SHEET 10F 3 PATENTED DU 2 9 I97- sum 2 or' 3 RUNNER OF HYDRAULIC MACHINE HAVING ROTATABLE BLADES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to hydraulic machines and more specifically to a runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades.
The invention can be most advantageously applied to the runners of Kaplan and Deriaz water turbines, as well as in high performance hydraulic pumps.
PRIOR ART In a prior art runner, e.g., a Deriaz water turbine, accommodated in the housing of the runner are levers fixed to the journals of rotatable blades. The blades are rotated by means of a hydraulic servomotor having a winged piston via an intermediate shaft and a crosspiece. The cross-piece is pivotally connected to the levers of the rotatable blades. The pivot connection between the cross-piece and the levers is provided by means of spherical pins with a spherical head and floating slide blocks accommodated in the slots of the crosspiece. The cross-piece and blade rotating means are arranged under the journals of the rotatable blades. The levers of the rotatable blades, the pins with a spherical head and the floating slide blocks are referred to hereinbelow. An important hydraulic torque is applied to the blades of the runner, with the force induced by this torque being transmitted to the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft. This force gives rise to a great bending moment in the cross-piece, thereby resulting in a high bending stress in the walls of the slots thereof, as well as to a high torque in the intermediate shaft with a corresponding high torsional stress therein, which, in turn, results in considerable oversizing of these parts in high capacity machines taking into account the required strength of the cross-piece and the intermediate shaft.
The use of the intermediate shaft and disposition of the cross-piece and blade rotating means under the journals of the rotatable blades do not make it possible to reduce the dimensions of the runner housing, which is necessary for the runners of Deriaz water turbines operating under a high head or for high capacity hydraulic pumps, and causes difficulties during their transportation.
Furthermore, it is known to accommodate in the runner of e.g., a Deriaz water turbine, levers which are fixed to the journals of rotatable blades. The rotatable blades are rotated by means of a piston servomotor. Translatory motion of the piston through a rod, crosspiece, link and the lever causes the rotation of the blades.
This runner is also heavy and difflcult to manufacture.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to increase the efficiency of the runner.
Another object of the invention is to improve the cavitation characteristics of the runner.
Still another object of the invention is to provide simpler structure for the runner.
The above and other important objects are accomplished in that in a runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising a housing accommodating a cross-piece pivotally connected to levers which are fixed to the journals of the rotatable blades and actuated by means of a servomotor having a winged piston, according to the invention, the rotatable blades of the winged piston of the servomotor are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece.
This runner is simpler in design and lighter in weight.
It is advantageous to arrange the cross-piece accommodated in-the runner housing above the journals of the rotatable blades. This makes it possible to reduce the runner housing size and to facilitate its transportability, which is particularly important for high capacity Deriaz water turbines, and to reduce the diameter at the intersection of the axis of the blade rotation with the outer profile of the runner housing, whereby the cavitation characteristics of the runner are improved.
A Deriaz water turbine having rotatable blades designed for a head of m and with 220,000 kw output, which is provided with the runner according to the invention, has the efficiency increased by 3 percent and the cavitation factor reduced by 0.09.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following examples of the embodiment thereof given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT A runner of a Deriaz water turbine comprises a housing I (FIGS. 1, 3) accommodating levers 2 of rotatable blades 3, a cross-piece 4 and a servomotor 5 having a winged piston.
The levers 2 are fixed to journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3. The cross-piece 4 is mounted above the journals 6 of the rotatable blades 3 and is pivotally connected to the levers 2. One end of a pin 7 is fixed to the cross-piece 4, while the other end of the pin, which is provided with a spherical head 8, engages a floating slide block 9. Each lever 2 is provided with a slot 10 extending at a right angle with respect to the axis of the pin 7 with the spherical head 8, and the floating slideblock 9 being accommodated in this slot 10. The blades 3 are rotated by means of the servomotor 5 having a winged piston, and rotatable wings 11 (FIGS. I, 2) of this piston are rigidly fixed to the cross-piece4 (FIG. 1) by means of bolts 12, while fixed wings 13 (FIGS. 1, 2) are attached to a stationary disc 14 (FIG. 1). Mounted within a hollow shaft of the turbine (not shown in the drawings) are hollow rods 15 adapted to supply oil into the servomotor 5 and a central pipe 16 adapted to supply air under the runner in order to improve its cavitation characteristics.
In another embodiment of the runner, the axis of the pin 7a with the spherical head 8a (FIG. 3) extends in parallel to the axis of rotation of the blades 3, thereby making it possible to provide for removal of a cylinder 17 of the servomotor a provided with a winged piston. The cylinder 17 is rigidly fixed to the runner housing la by means of bolts. The fixed wings 13a (FIG. 4) are attached to the cylinder 17 of the servomotor 5a.
The runner is simple in design and smaller in size.
We claim:
1. A runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising a runner housing; journals for said rotatable blades; a cross-piece accommodated in said to which the fixed wings are attached.

Claims (2)

1. A runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades, comprising a runner housing; journals for said rotatable blades; a cross-piece accommodated in said housing above the journals for the rotatable blades; levers disposed in said housing; said levers being fixed to the journals of said rotatable blades and pivotally connected to said cross-piece; a servomotor for rotating said blades, said servomotor being provided with a winged piston having rotatable and fixed wings, and means fixing said rotatable wings rigidly to said cross-piece.
2. The runner of a hydraulic machine having rotatable blades according to claim 1, further including a stationary disc within the housing above the cross-piece to which the fixed wings are attached.
US00332143A 1973-02-13 1973-02-13 Runner of hydraulic machine having rotatable blades Expired - Lifetime US3844681A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2391381A1 (en) * 1977-05-17 1978-12-15 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab AXIAL FAN
US4132503A (en) * 1976-03-27 1979-01-02 Schaffran Propeller Lehne & Co. Variable-pitch propeller
FR2911644A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2008-07-25 Snecma Sa Turboprop engine for aircraft, has blade coupled to hydraulically rotating actuator carried by supports for adjusting orientation of blade, where actuator has rotating shaft coupled to autoblocking locking system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU238437A1 (en) * Ленинградский металлический завод имени съезда КПСС WORKING WHEEL OF ROTARY HYDROTURBINE
FR1111453A (en) * 1953-11-13 1956-02-27 English Electric Co Ltd Device for controlling swivel rotor blades in hydraulic turbines and pumps
US3260311A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-07-12 Foster Wheeler Corp Vane adjusting device for pump impellers and turbine wheels
US3291086A (en) * 1965-03-17 1966-12-13 Frederick R Haselton Tandem propeller propulsion and control system
US3367424A (en) * 1967-04-07 1968-02-06 Hitachi Ltd Hydraulic machine having adjustable blade runner
GB1197030A (en) * 1967-11-17 1970-07-01 Hitachi Ltd Pitch Control Device for the Runner Blades of Mixed Flow Rotary Hydraulic Machines
US3647320A (en) * 1969-04-21 1972-03-07 Dowty Rotol Ltd Bladed rotors

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU238437A1 (en) * Ленинградский металлический завод имени съезда КПСС WORKING WHEEL OF ROTARY HYDROTURBINE
FR1111453A (en) * 1953-11-13 1956-02-27 English Electric Co Ltd Device for controlling swivel rotor blades in hydraulic turbines and pumps
US3260311A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-07-12 Foster Wheeler Corp Vane adjusting device for pump impellers and turbine wheels
US3291086A (en) * 1965-03-17 1966-12-13 Frederick R Haselton Tandem propeller propulsion and control system
US3367424A (en) * 1967-04-07 1968-02-06 Hitachi Ltd Hydraulic machine having adjustable blade runner
GB1197030A (en) * 1967-11-17 1970-07-01 Hitachi Ltd Pitch Control Device for the Runner Blades of Mixed Flow Rotary Hydraulic Machines
US3647320A (en) * 1969-04-21 1972-03-07 Dowty Rotol Ltd Bladed rotors

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4132503A (en) * 1976-03-27 1979-01-02 Schaffran Propeller Lehne & Co. Variable-pitch propeller
FR2391381A1 (en) * 1977-05-17 1978-12-15 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab AXIAL FAN
FR2911644A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2008-07-25 Snecma Sa Turboprop engine for aircraft, has blade coupled to hydraulically rotating actuator carried by supports for adjusting orientation of blade, where actuator has rotating shaft coupled to autoblocking locking system
EP1953346A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2008-08-06 Snecma Turbo-propeller comprising a propeller formed by blades with adjustable orientation
JP2008179351A (en) * 2007-01-23 2008-08-07 Snecma Turboprop with propeller formed of variable-pitch blade
US20080247877A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2008-10-09 Snecma Turboprop having a propeller made up of variable-pitch blades
US8087890B2 (en) 2007-01-23 2012-01-03 Snecma Turboprop having a propeller made up of variable-pitch blades
CN101230789B (en) * 2007-01-23 2012-12-12 斯奈克玛 Turbo-propeller comprising a propeller formed by blades with adjustable orientation

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