US3843542A - Hydraulic oil - Google Patents
Hydraulic oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3843542A US3843542A US00276866A US27686672A US3843542A US 3843542 A US3843542 A US 3843542A US 00276866 A US00276866 A US 00276866A US 27686672 A US27686672 A US 27686672A US 3843542 A US3843542 A US 3843542A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dithiophosphate
- zinc
- octyl
- weight
- succinic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
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Definitions
- typical problems common to most hydraulic systems include hydraulic oil corrosivity, erosivity, volatility, foaming tendencies, etc.
- Additives are usually added to the system to ameliorate these and other problems, and their employment has greatly improved the performance and longevity of the hydraulic systems.
- One type of additive which is particularly important in hydraulic fluids is the corrosion inhibitors or anti-wear agents, typically zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. These compounds have found widespread commercial success in reducing wear and corrosion in hydraulic systems and are more or less responsible for the increase in machinery life.
- zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is quite successful in most hydraulic oils it is burdened with stability problems when exposed to water at elevated temperatures. This instability is commonly referred to as hydrolytic instability.
- An improved hydraulic fluid is prepared by admixing with a suitable synthetic or petroleum base oil a primary zinc di(iso-octyl)dithiophosphate and an alkenyl succinic acid having from 6 to 24 carbons and preferably from 12 to 16 carbons.
- the amount of the Zinc dithiophosphate and alkenyl succinic acid present within the hydraulic oil must be within a narrow range in order to realize the synergism demonstrated in the examples.
- the zinc dithiophosphate must be present within the range of 0.1 to 1.5 Weight percent and preferably from 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent.
- the alkenyl succinic acid must be present in an amount from 0.03 to 0.2 weight part and preferably 0.05 to 0.1 weight part per part of zinc di(iso-octyl)dithiophosphate.
- the concentration of the alkenyl succinic acid present within the hydraulic oil normally ranges from 0.03 to 0.2 weight percent and preferably from 0.05 to 0.1 weight percent.
- a metal deactivator When the concentration of the zinc dithiophosphate component is 1 weight percent or greater, a small amount of a metal deactivator must also be present within the hydraulic oil.
- the amount of metal deactivator employed generally ranges from 0.01 to 1 part per part of zinc dithiophosphate equal to or above about 1 weight percent.
- the zinc di(iso-octyl)dithiophosphate component of this invention is commercially available.
- This compound is usually prepared by reacting primary iso-octyl alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide to produce the di(primary iso-octyl) dithiophosphoric acid which is thereafter neutralized with a zinc base (oxide, hydroxide or C -C carboxylate) to produce the corresponding Zinc salt.
- alkenyl succinic acid component of this invention is also available commercially. Most of these acids are produced by simply reacting maleic anhydride with an a-olefin and thereafter hydrolyzing the reaction product.
- alkenyl succinic acids include tetrapropenyl succinic acid, butenyl succinic acid, hexapropenyl succinic acid, ndodecenyl succinic-acid, polybutenyl succinic acid, etc.
- the base oil which may be employed in the practice of this invention includes a wide variety of natural and synthetic oils such as naphthetic-base paraffin-base, and mixedbase lubricating oils. These oils generally have a viscosity of to 650 SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) at 100 F. and preferably from 40 to 70 SUS at a temperature of 210 F.
- Other base oils include oils derived from coal products and synthetic oils, e.g. alkylene polymers (such as polymers of propylene, butylene, etc., and mixtures thereof), alkylene oxide-type polymers (e.g.,) alkylene oxide polymers prepared by polymerizing alkylene oxide e.g. propylene oxide, etc.
- carboxylic acid esters e.g., those which were prepared by esterifying such carboxylic acids as adipic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc., with alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol, pentaerythtritol, etc.
- liquid esters of phosphorus such as triakyl phosphates (tributyl phosphate, etc.), triaryl phosphates (tricresyl phosphate), alkylaryl phosphates (dibutyl phenyl phosphates, etc.), alkyl benzenes, polyphenols (e.g.
- biphenyls and terphenyls alkyl biphenol ethers
- polymers of silicon e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraiso propyl silicate, hexyl(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)disilicane, poly(methyl)siloxane, and poly(methylphenol) siloxane, etc.
- the base oils may be used individually or in combinations, whenever miscible or whatever made so by use of mutual solvents.
- Exemplary metal deactivators which may be employed include triaryl or trialkyl phosphates, such as tributyl phosphates, tricresyl phosphate, aryl or alkyl phosphites, alkylphenol sulfides, phosphorus pentasulfide-terpene addition products, benzotriazole, phenothiazin, bis octyl dithiathiadiazole, phenyl-l-naphthylamine, etc., and combinations thereof.
- Bis octyl dithiathiadiazole has shown very good activity and is a preferred metal deactivator.
- additives may be successfully employed within the hydraulc fiuid of this invention without adversely affecting its high hydrolytic stability and performance over a wde temperature scale.
- One type of additive is a demulsifier which may be employed to prevent water from becoming stably emulsified within the hydraulic oil.
- Exemplary demulsifiers include petroleum sulfonic acids or salts and particularly the zinc and barium salts thereof, such as zinc lauryl sulfonate, barium dinonylnaphthenic sulfonate, zinc dinonylnaphthenic sulfonate, etc., dimerized unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids prepared by reacting a monocarboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine followed by reaction with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, sulfonated castor oil, etc.
- rust inhibitors include high molecular weight esters such as sorbitan monooleate, butyl stearate, butyl naphthenate, etc., nitrogen compounds, such as amines and amides, metal detergents such as aluminum stearate and lithium stearate, etc.
- antioxidant Another additive which may be employed is an antioxidant.
- Typical anti-oxidants are organic compounds containing sulfur, phosphrus or nitrogen, such as organic amines, sulfides, hydroxy sulfides, phenols, etc., alone or in combination with metals like zinc, tin or barium.
- Particularly useful hydraulic fluid antioxidants include phenylalpha-methylamine, bis(alkylphenylamine, N,N-diphenylp phenylenediamine, bis(4-isopropylaminophenyl)ether, N-acyl-p-aminophenol, N-acylphenothiazine, N-hydrocarbylamides or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, alkyl phenol-formaldehyde-amine polycondensates, etc.
- viscosity index improvers such as polyisobutylenes, polymethacrylates, etc.
- foam inhibitors such as polyisobutylenes, polymethacrylates, etc.
- detergents such as sodium sulfate
- dispersants such as sodium sulfate
- pour point depressants such as sodium sulfate
- dyes such as sodium sulfate
- odor suppressants such as sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate
- concentration of the various components within the hydraulic fluid formulation varies depending upon the properties desired, base oil employed, additives selected, etc. Generally, however, concentration of the various additives will be within the range presented in the followin Table 1.
- test fluids employed are formulated from the following base oils or mixtures thereof.
- the zinc dithiophosphate additives employed are zinc di(iso-octyl primary)dithiophosphate referred to herein as the iso-octyl ester, zinc di(n-octyl primary) dithiophos phate referred to herein as the n-octyl ester, zinc butyl hexyl dithiophosphate referred to as the butyl hexyl ester and zinc butyl, 1,2-di methylpropyl dithiophosphate referred to herein as the MIBC 1 ester.
- a conventional zinc sulfonate demulsifier is employed in each test composition at a concentration of 0.05 weight percent unless otherwise stated.
- the demulsifier is employed to reduce the tendencies of the hydraulic fluid to form a stable emulsion with the water present within the beverage bottle during the test.
- a conventional polymethacrylate pour point depressant is employed in each test composition at a concentration of 0.75 weight percent in each composition containing the Turbine Oil Stock and at a concentration of 0.35 weight percent in each composition containing Citcon stocks.
- a conventional silicon oil foam inhibitor is also employed in each test composition at a concentration of 0.002 weight percent.
- Other additives which are present in some of the tests include tricresyl phosphate (TCP), benzotriazole, tributyl phosphate, and didecyl phenyl phosphite.
- variable components employed and the concentrations of each employed in these tests are shown in the following Table 2 along with the copper weight loss measured in the hydrolytic stability test.
- MIBC refers to the alcohol employed in making the ester, 1.e. methyl tsobutyl carbinol.
- compositions 1, 2, 11 and (no alkenyl succinic acid) demonstrate a several-fold reduction in copper weight loss.
- a comparison of composition 6 with composition 10 reveals that the substitution of the n-octyl for the iso-octyl in the zinc dithiophosphate ester octyl)dithiophosphate, 0.06 parts of tetrapropenyl suc- 4 cinic acid, 0.05 parts of tricresyl phosphate and 0.01 parts of his octyl dithiathiadiazole.
- a hydrocarbon-based hydraulic fluid comprising a major amount of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil having a viscosity of 100 to 650 SUS at 100 F. and containing from 0.1 to 1.5 weight percent zinc di(primary iso-octyl) dithiophosphate and from 0.03 to 0.2 parts of a C to C alkenyl succ nic acid per weight part of said zinc dithiophosphate; with the proviso that when the concentration of said zinc dithiophosphate is from 1.0 to 1.5 weight percent then 0.01 to 1 part of a metal deactivator selected from triaryl or trialkyl phosphates, aryl or alkyl phosphites, alkylphenol sulfides, phosphorus pentasulfide-terpene addition products, benzotriazole, phenothiazine, bis- 6 octyl dithiathiadiazole, phenyl-l-naphthylamine or mixtures thereof per part of
- composition defined in Claim 2 wherein said alkenyl succinic acid is tetrapropenyl succinic acid.
- a hydrocarbon-based hydraulic fluid comprising (1) a major amount of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil having a viscosity of 100 to 600 SUS at 100 F.;
- composition defined in Claim 6 wherein said alkenyl succinic acid is tetrapropenyl succinic acid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00276866A US3843542A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1972-07-31 | Hydraulic oil |
CA175,649A CA985261A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1973-07-04 | Hydraulic oil |
FR7326886A FR2194770B1 (fr) | 1972-07-31 | 1973-07-23 | |
JP48085782A JPS5147443B2 (fr) | 1972-07-31 | 1973-07-30 | |
BR5806/73A BR7305806D0 (pt) | 1972-07-31 | 1973-07-31 | Aperfeicoamento em composicao de materia |
GB3645573A GB1388247A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1973-07-31 | Hydraulic fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00276866A US3843542A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1972-07-31 | Hydraulic oil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3843542A true US3843542A (en) | 1974-10-22 |
Family
ID=23058396
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00276866A Expired - Lifetime US3843542A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1972-07-31 | Hydraulic oil |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3843542A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5147443B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR7305806D0 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA985261A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2194770B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1388247A (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3981813A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-09-21 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Hydraulic fluid |
US4101429A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1978-07-18 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricant compositions |
US4253975A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1981-03-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Aqueous lubricants containing metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates |
AU571873B2 (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1988-04-28 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Phosphorus-containing metal salts/sulfurized phenate compositions/aromatic substituted triazoles concentrates and functional fluids containing same |
US5840662A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1998-11-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating oils of improved friction durability |
US5849675A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydraulic system using an improved antiwear hydraulic fluid |
US6046144A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 2000-04-04 | R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. | Combination of phosphate based additives and sulfonate salts for hydraulic fluids and lubricating compositions |
EP1076087A1 (fr) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-14 | Ethyl Corporation | Fluides de transmission contenant du zinc et du phosphore à capacités augmentées de fonctionnement |
WO2004096959A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-11 | Great Lakes Chemical (Europe) Gmbh | Compositions lubrifiantes |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3712133A1 (de) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-10-20 | Siwa Gmbh | Schmiermittel bzw. schmiermittelkonzentrat |
DE3712134A1 (de) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-10-27 | Grill Max Gmbh | Schmiermittel bzw. schmiermittelkonzentrat |
DE3712132A1 (de) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-10-20 | Grill Max Gmbh | Schmiermittel bzw. schmiermittelkonzentrat |
-
1972
- 1972-07-31 US US00276866A patent/US3843542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-07-04 CA CA175,649A patent/CA985261A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-07-23 FR FR7326886A patent/FR2194770B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-07-30 JP JP48085782A patent/JPS5147443B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-07-31 BR BR5806/73A patent/BR7305806D0/pt unknown
- 1973-07-31 GB GB3645573A patent/GB1388247A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3981813A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-09-21 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Hydraulic fluid |
US4101429A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1978-07-18 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricant compositions |
US4253975A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1981-03-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Aqueous lubricants containing metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates |
AU571873B2 (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1988-04-28 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Phosphorus-containing metal salts/sulfurized phenate compositions/aromatic substituted triazoles concentrates and functional fluids containing same |
US5840662A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1998-11-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating oils of improved friction durability |
US5849675A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydraulic system using an improved antiwear hydraulic fluid |
US6046144A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 2000-04-04 | R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. | Combination of phosphate based additives and sulfonate salts for hydraulic fluids and lubricating compositions |
EP1076087A1 (fr) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-14 | Ethyl Corporation | Fluides de transmission contenant du zinc et du phosphore à capacités augmentées de fonctionnement |
SG83804A1 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-10-16 | Ethyl Corp | Zinc and phosphorus containing transmission fluids having enhanced performance capabilities |
US6482778B2 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-11-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Zinc and phosphorus containing transmission fluids having enhanced performance capabilities |
KR100404002B1 (ko) * | 1999-08-11 | 2003-11-01 | 에틸코오포레이션 | 수행력이 증강된 아연 및 인 함유 변속기 유체 |
WO2004096959A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-11 | Great Lakes Chemical (Europe) Gmbh | Compositions lubrifiantes |
US20070087944A1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2007-04-19 | Phillips William D | Lubricant compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1388247A (en) | 1975-03-26 |
FR2194770B1 (fr) | 1977-12-23 |
FR2194770A1 (fr) | 1974-03-01 |
JPS5147443B2 (fr) | 1976-12-15 |
JPS4953607A (fr) | 1974-05-24 |
BR7305806D0 (pt) | 1974-07-18 |
CA985261A (en) | 1976-03-09 |
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