US3843538A - Developing emulsion for electrostatic images - Google Patents

Developing emulsion for electrostatic images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3843538A
US3843538A US00269603A US26960372A US3843538A US 3843538 A US3843538 A US 3843538A US 00269603 A US00269603 A US 00269603A US 26960372 A US26960372 A US 26960372A US 3843538 A US3843538 A US 3843538A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
developing
phase
grams
agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00269603A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Vermeulen
I Smith
P Hastwell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Savin Business Machines Corp
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Savin Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Savin Business Machines Corp filed Critical Savin Business Machines Corp
Priority to US00269603A priority Critical patent/US3843538A/en
Priority to IT7325678A priority patent/IT989355B/it
Priority to AU57522/73A priority patent/AU5752273A/en
Priority to DE2333677A priority patent/DE2333677B2/de
Priority to FR7324984A priority patent/FR2192327A1/fr
Priority to JP48076177A priority patent/JPS4945743A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3843538A publication Critical patent/US3843538A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid

Definitions

  • the emulsion is non-conductive, may be stabilized by a surface-active emulsifying agent which has a predetermined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, and may include a protective colloid and a defoaming agent. If desired, a release agent may be employed in the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • a developing liquid for developing a latent electrostatic image which comprised a solution of a high molecular weight resin substantially insoluble in a light hydrocarbon liquid, which solution is dispersed or suspended in such light hydrocarbon liquid.
  • the light hydrocarbon liquid is adapted to be evaporated from a developed latent electrostatic image and to leave a tacky developed image on a photoconductive surface on which the latent electrostatic image is formed.
  • the tacky image is adapted to be transferred to a sheet of paper or other sheet material by contact with the tacky image.
  • the paper After drying, the paper carries the final reproduction of the original.
  • the photoconductive surface could 'be coated with a silicone or a urethane film in order to reduce the afiinity of the tacky developed image for the photoconductor and thus assist in the ready transfer of the image to the paper surface.
  • One object of our invention is to provide an aqueous emulsion in which the oil phase comprises a solution of a tacky toner-that is, an organosol such as disclosed in our co-pending application, Ser. No. 155,108.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an emulsion of a solution of a tacky toner and water, so that the pollution of the atmosphere caused by the evaporation of light hydrocarbons is substantially reduced.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a stable emulsion in which the water phase is dispersed and in which the continuous phase is a solution of a pigmented high molecular weight polymer dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a developing emulsion of the W/O type.
  • This can be employed with an organic photocoductive surface which is normally hydrophobic such as trinitro-fluorenone and polyvinyl carbasole coated on a conductive base such as vacuum-evaporated aluminum deposited on polyester film.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an emulsion for developing latent electrostatic images formed on an inorganic photoconductive surface such as zinc oxide which has been coated with a hydrophobic layer such as silicone.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an aqueous emulsion for developing latent electrostatic images having a predetermined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, which is non-conductive and in which water is in the disperse phase.
  • the tacky or adhesive toner composition is the lipide component of the emulsion. It comprises a high molecular weight resin or mixture of high molecular weight resins dissolved in an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent comprises a light hydrocarbon liquid which includes about isoparafiinic hydrocarbons and about 10% aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the aqueous or water phase comprises distilled water and a dispersing agent of the surface-active type.
  • the emulsifying agent must be more soluble in or better wetted by the lipide phase than by the disperse or aqueous phase.
  • a defoarning agent and a protective col'oid may be added to the water phase.
  • the emulsion may be formed in any appropriate manner, as by milling in a colloid mill, a homogenizer, or by sonic or utrasonic equipment.
  • lipide component is formed as follows:
  • PLIOLITE VTAC 37.5 grams PLIOLITE VTAC 40.0 grams SOLPRENE 1205 100.0 grams SOLVESSO are emulsified in a high-speed emulsifying mill together with 1000 grarns of ISOPAR G.
  • PLIOLITE VTAC is a vinyl-toluene/acrylate copolymer manufactured by Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, of Akron, Ohio.
  • SOLPRENE 1205 is a copolymer of butadiene and styrene in the ratio of 75/25, manufactured by the solution polymerization process, and sold by Phillips Petroleum Company.
  • ISOPAR G is an isomerized parafiinic hydrocarbon having a specific gravity of .75 at F. and is substantially 100% pure isoparafiinic hydrocarbon.
  • SOLVESSO is a hydrocarbon solvent manufactured by Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. It has an initial boiling point of 159 C. and a final boiling point or end point of 182 C. It comprises largely aromatic hydrocarbons and has a kauri-butanol number of 91.
  • a toner matching the organosol is then formed as follows. We take:
  • the aqueous phase is formed as follows:
  • the emulsion is then formed by taking 250 grams of this lipide component to which we add 7 grams of mineral turps and emulsify the lipide component with the aqueous component.
  • Example 1 This is accomplished by milling the aqueous and lipide phases in a colloid mill for three minutes. This mill mix will produce images on a negatively charged photoconductor. The excess toner liquid is removed with a squeegee roller or by an air knife. When the image is formed, the emulsion is broken locally by the deposit of the lipide phase to form the desired reproduction. The Water phase forms droplets on the background area. These water droplets are removed by an air knife and leave the background of the photoconductor completely dry. It is to be noted that an emulsifying or dispersing agent was not used in Example 1. The emulsion was employed shortly after it was formed. The defoamer was used mainly to counteract the aeration of the milling which is undesirable.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The following organosol was formed. We mixed:
  • Example 2 To this We added 240 grams of the toner component of Example 1 and 1000 grams of ISOPAR G. These were milled in a colloid mill for three minutes.
  • the Water component of this Example 2 was made as follows. We mixed:
  • TRITON X-1l4 is a surface-active agent having emulsifying, wetting and dispersing properties. It includes alkylaryl polyether alcohols, sulfonates and sulfates. It is a non-ionic type and is manufactured by Rohm & Haas Company. Its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB value) is 12.4. Its molecular weight is approximately 536 and its density is 8.8. Any appropriate antifoam agent can be used. One is manufactured by Dow, Corning and is a silicone defoamer that is effective in very low concentrations. Another silicone-base antifoaming agent is manufactured by Laurel Soap Manufacturing Company.
  • any appropriate emulsifying agent may be employed to give stability to the emulsion.
  • the emulsifying agent must always be more soluble in or better wetted by the continuous or lip de phase than the disperse or aqueous phase.
  • the surfaceactive emulsifying agents are neither completely hydrophilic nor completely *lipophilic.
  • Another emulsifying agent is composed of polyoxyalkylene derivatives of sorbitane fatty acids.
  • the emulsion of Example 2 is manufactured by emulsifying grams of ISOPAR G with 250 grams of the organosol of Example 2 together with the water component of Eyample 2 just described.
  • the emulsification may take place in a homogenizer, a colloid mill, or in a sonic or ultrasonic emulsifying apparatus.
  • a colloid mill does not give as good an emulsifying action as an ultrasonic emulsifier.
  • the ISOPAR G which is now used in the formulation may be materially reduced or eliminated completely, so that we Will em'ulsify a pigmented solution of a high molecular weight resin directly with Water, the latter being in the disperse phase.
  • the emulsion of Example 2 develops a latent electrostatic image on a negatively charged photoconductor.
  • the emulsion is stable and will not conduct electricity. Since. the photoconductive surface is hydrophobic, the droplets of Water released during development are readily blown away by an air knife.
  • Example 3 To the materials we mixed in Example 2 we add a release agent such as polyethylene wax, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl chloride resin, silicon resin, or reactive silicon fluid, in amounts varying between 4 grams and 14 grams by weight.
  • the release agents are co-deposited with the organosol during development and assist in the transfer of the developed image from the surface of the photoconductor to the paper. These release agents are described in our co-pending application, Ser. No. 269,054, mentioned above.
  • the use of a release agent not only assists in the complete transfer of the developed tacky image, but aids in keeping the photoconductive surface clean for a longer period of time. Furthermore, in the event the photoconductive surface becomes soiled, it is more readily cleaned when release agents are used.
  • an emulsifying agent provides a stable emulsion, and the advantage of a release agent in the continuous phase assists in the complete transfer of the tacky developed image from the photoconductor to the paper or other sheet material.
  • a developing emulsion for use in developing a latent electrostatic image including in combination a tacky 0rganosol lipide phase comprising the following by weight:
  • said light hydrocarbon liquid includes about 90% isoparaffinic hydrocarbons and about aromatic hydrocarbons
  • a disperse aqueous phase comprising the following by weight:
  • said high molecular weight polymer being dissolved in said aromatic hydrocarbon liquid.
  • a developing emulsion for use in developing a latent electrostatic image including in combination a continuous References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,156,531 11/1964 Fauser et al 25262.1 3,001,888 9/1961 Metcalfe et a] 25262.1 2,637,621 5/1953 Auer 862 2,594,899 4/ 1952 Fordemwalt 862 2,383,937 9/1945 Kienle et a1. 862 2,323,871 7/1943 Kienle et al. 862 2,307,097 1/ 1943 Anderson 862 3,301,698 1/1967 Fauser et a1 25262.1

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US00269603A 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Developing emulsion for electrostatic images Expired - Lifetime US3843538A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00269603A US3843538A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Developing emulsion for electrostatic images
IT7325678A IT989355B (it) 1972-07-07 1973-06-20 Emulsione di sviluppo per imma gini elettrostatiche
AU57522/73A AU5752273A (en) 1972-07-07 1973-06-29 Developing emulsion for electrostatic images
DE2333677A DE2333677B2 (de) 1972-07-07 1973-07-03 Elektrofotografischer Emulsionsentwickler
FR7324984A FR2192327A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07 1973-07-06
JP48076177A JPS4945743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07 1973-07-07

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00269603A US3843538A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Developing emulsion for electrostatic images

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3843538A true US3843538A (en) 1974-10-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00269603A Expired - Lifetime US3843538A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Developing emulsion for electrostatic images

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3843538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4945743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU5752273A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2333677B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2192327A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT989355B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3998746A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-12-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer comprising heat treated rubber for use in development of an electrostatic latent image and method of making developer
US5019477A (en) * 1989-07-05 1991-05-28 Dx Imaging Vinyltoluene and styrene copolymers as resins for liquid electrostatic toners
US5176974A (en) * 1989-10-16 1993-01-05 Xerox Corporation Imaging apparatuses and processes
WO2003019298A1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2003-03-06 Michael Huber München Gmbh Verwendung eines leitfähigen flüssigentwicklers zum elektrographischen drucken oder kopieren
WO2013112967A1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-08-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Integrated solvent deasphalting, hydrotreating and steam pyrolysis process for direct processing of a crude oil

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2262603C2 (de) * 1972-12-21 1982-04-01 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Elektrophotographischer Suspensionsentwickler
JPS553695B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-01-23 1980-01-26
JPS5071967A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-09 1975-06-14
JPS54106373U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-12-20 1979-07-26

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3998746A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-12-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer comprising heat treated rubber for use in development of an electrostatic latent image and method of making developer
US5019477A (en) * 1989-07-05 1991-05-28 Dx Imaging Vinyltoluene and styrene copolymers as resins for liquid electrostatic toners
US5176974A (en) * 1989-10-16 1993-01-05 Xerox Corporation Imaging apparatuses and processes
WO2003019298A1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2003-03-06 Michael Huber München Gmbh Verwendung eines leitfähigen flüssigentwicklers zum elektrographischen drucken oder kopieren
WO2013112967A1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-08-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Integrated solvent deasphalting, hydrotreating and steam pyrolysis process for direct processing of a crude oil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4945743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-01
DE2333677A1 (de) 1974-01-17
FR2192327A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-08
DE2333677B2 (de) 1975-12-11
IT989355B (it) 1975-05-20
AU5752273A (en) 1975-01-09

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