US3842593A - Closed rankine cycle power plant - Google Patents

Closed rankine cycle power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842593A
US3842593A US00391163A US39116373A US3842593A US 3842593 A US3842593 A US 3842593A US 00391163 A US00391163 A US 00391163A US 39116373 A US39116373 A US 39116373A US 3842593 A US3842593 A US 3842593A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
condenser
dichlorobenzene
boiler
power plant
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00391163A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Bronicki
A Yogev
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Ormat Industries Ltd
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Ormat Turbines Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A closed Rankine cycle power plant wherein the working fluid is a mixture of ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODB) and meta-dichlorobcnzene (MODB) in such relative proportions that in the condenser the proportion of ODB to MDB is in the range of from 2:3 to 3:2.
  • ODB ortho-dichlorobenzene
  • MODB meta-dichlorobcnzene
  • This type of power plant comprises a boiler for vaporizing the working fluid, a turbine for expanding the vapors and driving a load such as an electrical generator, a condenser for converting the turbine exhaust vapor to a liquid at a lower temperature and pressure than the boiler, and means for feeding the condensed liquid back into the boiler which operates at a higher pressure.
  • a load such as an electrical generator
  • a condenser for converting the turbine exhaust vapor to a liquid at a lower temperature and pressure than the boiler
  • a suitable working fluid for this type of power plant is ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODB) which has good thermodynamic properties, is satisfactory for lubricating the bearings of the rotating components of the power plant, and does not corrosively attack the material of the power plant at the usual boiler operating temperatures which may exceed 200C.
  • ODB ortho-dichlorobenzene
  • an admixture of two organic liquids will generally have a freezing point lower than the freezing point of either of the two liquids individually.
  • the particular mixture having the lowest freezing point is termed the eutectic mixture, and its freezing point is termed the eutectic point.
  • the viscosity at the eutectic point will be in the range to 40 times higher than the viscosity at room temperature.
  • Such a high viscosity is totally unsatisfactory for power plant use because of the added work required to transfer the viscous condensed liquid back into the boiler.
  • the turbine and condenser will operate as a distillation column separating the more volatile liquid from the less volatile liquid when there is a significant difference in the boiling point of the two liquids. As a consequence, the more volatile liquid will remain in the vapor phase and not contribute to the lowering of the freezing point of the liquid in the condenser.
  • a closed Rankine cycle power plant of the type comprising a boiler for vaporizing a high molecular weight working fluid, a turbine for expanding the vapor and driving a load such as an electrical generator, and a condenser for converting the turbine exhaust vapors to a liquid at a lower temperature and pressure than that in the boiler and means for causing the liquid in the condenser to be fed into the boiler at a higher pressure
  • the working fluid is a mixture of ODB and MDB such that the composition of the liquid in the condenser is in the range 2:3 to 3:2 of ODB to MDB when the power plant is in steady state operation at which the composition of liquid in the condenser is the same as the composition of vapor in the boiler.
  • the eutectic mixture of ODB and MDB (metadichlorobenzene), which is about 1:1, is preferred.
  • the viscosity of the preferred mixture at 50C is about 6cp. which is essentially of the same order of magnitude as the viscosity at room temperature (i.e., 2cp.). Consequently, the flow characteristics of the mixture of liquids in the condenser will not be significantly different from the flow characteristics of the mixture at room temperature. This is advantageous in affecting the transfer of liquid from the condenser into the boiler.
  • the mixture of ODB and MDB in the vapor phase in the boiler and turbine is no more corrosive than ODB itself.
  • the boiling points of ODB and MDB are quite close, and the thermodynamic properties of these two organic fluids are essentially the same. Therefore, their use in a power plant does not substantially alter the operating characteristics or the efficiency of the power plant permitting a system designed to use use ODB to be converted for use under colder ambient conditions by merely substituting for some of the ODB sufficient MDB to yield the proper mixture in the condenser liquid.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional closed Rankine cycle power plant employing a high molecular weight organic working fluid
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic vapor-liquid phase diagram for mixtures of ODB and MDB.
  • the composition of vapor in the boiler will be the same as the composition of the liquid in the condenser.
  • a mixture of ODB and MDB of a composition L in the boiler 14 will produce vapour of composition V as shown in the phase diagram of FIG. 2.
  • the vapors within the condenser will have a composition V which will be an equilibrium with the liquid of composition L also shown in FIG. 2.
  • the range of composition for the liquid in the condenser lies between the limit 60% ODB and 40% MDB and the limit 40% ODB and 60% MDB.
  • successful operation of the power plant shown in FIG. 1 can be accomplished under any ambient temperature condition approaching 50C.
  • the viscosity of the condensed liquid will be of the same order of magnitude as the viscosity of the mixture at room temperature which will facilitate the return of liquid from the condenser to the boiler.
  • phase curves shown in FIG. 2 are applicable to particular boiler and condenser pressures, it being understood that a change in the boiler pressure due to a change in the electrical load will shift the boiler pressure curve, and a change in the ability of the condenser to reject heat occasioned by a change in ambient weather conditions will shift the condenser pressure curve.
  • the liquid contained within the condenser be a mixture whose composition is within the limits specified in FIG. 2. Because of the variables with respect to the boiler pressure and the condenser pressure, there are wide limits in the variation in composition of the liquid in the boiler during steady state operation. As a consequence, there is a correspondingly wide range of variation in the mixture with which the power plant can be charged in order to yield the proper results during steady state operation in the condenser.
  • the boiler operates to provide saturated vapor to the turbine at a temperature between 1 C and 135C, depending on the turbine load.
  • the liquid in the condenser be the eutectic mixture of ODB and MDB, namely a mixture of equal parts of ODB and MDB, since this mixture has the lowest possible freezing point of all the possible mixtures.
  • the liquid in the boiler must be such as to produce a eutectic vapor mixture when the liquid boils. This result is achieved with a mixture of liquid in the boiler of 5 parts of MDB and 6 parts of ODB.
  • a trial and error procedure can be used to determine the amount of each of MDB and ODB to have in the system, since sampling of the condenser liquid under steady state conditions of operation will provide information on possible changes required in the system. Once the required amount of each liquid has been added to the system, further operation will always be such that the liquid in the condenser will be the eutectic mixture of MDB and ODB, or within the desired range of from 3:2 to 2:3.
  • a closed Rankine cycle power plant of the type comprising a boiler for vaporizing a high molecular weight working fluid, a turbine for expanding the vapor and driving a load such as an electrical generator, a condenser for converting the turbine exhaust vapors to a liquid at a lower temperature and pressure than that in the boiler, and means for feeding condensed liquid in the condenser into the boiler at a high pressure wherein the working fluid is a mixture of orthodichlorobenzene and meta-dichlorobenzene such that the composition of the liquid in the condenser is in the range 2:3 to 3:2 of ortho-dichlorobenzene and metadichlorobenzene when the power plant is in steady state operation at which the composition of liquid in the condenser is the same as the composition of vapor in the boiler.
  • a closed Rankine cycle power plant according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of ortho-dichlorobenzene and meta-dichlorobenzene is such that the composition of liquid in the condenser is 1:1 of orthodichlorobenzene and meta-dichlorobenzene during steady state operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US00391163A 1972-09-05 1973-08-29 Closed rankine cycle power plant Expired - Lifetime US3842593A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL40299A IL40299A (en) 1972-09-05 1972-09-05 Closed rankine cycle power plant

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US3842593A true US3842593A (en) 1974-10-22

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US (1) US3842593A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS542344B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR198531A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA974780A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2344242C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL40299A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036019A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-07-19 Israel Siegel Solar differential temperature motor
US4100744A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-07-18 Delio De Munari Installation for the production of energy which utilizes a source of heat or natural thermic differences in level
US4363216A (en) * 1980-10-23 1982-12-14 Lucien Bronicki Lubricating system for organic fluid power plant
US4471621A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-09-18 Ormat Turbines, Ltd. Method and apparatus for draining liquid working fluid from turbine cannister of a closed cycle power plant
AP289A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-11-08 Ormat Turbines 1965 Ltd Rankine cycle power plant utilizing an organic fluid and method for using the same.
US5560210A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-10-01 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Rankine cycle power plant utilizing an organ fluid and method for using the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036019A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-07-19 Israel Siegel Solar differential temperature motor
US4100744A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-07-18 Delio De Munari Installation for the production of energy which utilizes a source of heat or natural thermic differences in level
US4363216A (en) * 1980-10-23 1982-12-14 Lucien Bronicki Lubricating system for organic fluid power plant
US4471621A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-09-18 Ormat Turbines, Ltd. Method and apparatus for draining liquid working fluid from turbine cannister of a closed cycle power plant
AP289A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-11-08 Ormat Turbines 1965 Ltd Rankine cycle power plant utilizing an organic fluid and method for using the same.
US5560210A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-10-01 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Rankine cycle power plant utilizing an organ fluid and method for using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA974780A (en) 1975-09-23
DE2344242C3 (de) 1978-03-23
IL40299A (en) 1974-05-16
DE2344242B2 (de) 1977-07-21
JPS542344B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-02-06
DE2344242A1 (de) 1974-03-21
JPS49132431A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-19
AR198531A1 (es) 1974-06-28
IL40299A0 (en) 1972-11-28

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