US3842226A - Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle - Google Patents

Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842226A
US3842226A US00319078A US31907872A US3842226A US 3842226 A US3842226 A US 3842226A US 00319078 A US00319078 A US 00319078A US 31907872 A US31907872 A US 31907872A US 3842226 A US3842226 A US 3842226A
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United States
Prior art keywords
throat
flow
downstream
gas
arc
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00319078A
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English (en)
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K Yoon
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ABB Inc USA
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Individual
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Assigned to ABB POWER T&D COMPANY, INC., A DE CORP. reassignment ABB POWER T&D COMPANY, INC., A DE CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H01H33/703—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions

Definitions

  • the high pressure gen- 200/148 148 148 148 E erated by an are, which ordinarily causes the clogging phenomenon, is utilized for initiating a supersonic [56] References cued flow and a rapic arc transfer to a longer gap.
  • This invention relates, generally, to circuit breakers and, more particularly, to circuit interrupters for circuit breakers of the compressed-gas type in which a flow of an interrupting medium is directed through and around an arc to aid in interrupting the are.
  • a circuit interrupter disclosed in a copending application Ser. No. 7,074 filed Jan. 30, 1970, by W. V. Bratkowski and W. H. Fischer, and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric Corp. is provided with a flow system comprising a supersonic nozzle and an arc chute constructed to take advantage of high speed flow to remove ionized gases quickly and of directed expansion which stretches the are core and length to interrupt the are.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved arc interrupting scheme by utilizing a double-throat orifice or nozzle to maintain supersonic flow at high overall discharge side to reservoir pressure ratio of the interrupting medium.
  • Another object of the invention is to utilize the high pressure generated by an arc to initiate a supersonic flow and a rapid arc transfer to a longer gap, thereby minimizing the clogging effect heretofore produced during high current interruption.
  • a further object of the invention is to improve the interrupting performance of a circuit interrupter by utilizing the shock wave generated during an interrupting operation to maintain supersonic flow of the interrupting medium at high discharge side to reservoir pressure ratio.
  • an arc is drawn when a movable contact is separated from a ring contact at the first throat of a double-throat orifice or nozzle.
  • the inlet of the first throat is connected to a reservoir containing an interrupting medium under pressure.
  • the heat of the are causes the gas pressure in the region of the first throat to rise rapidly.
  • a supersonic flow is initiated which causes the arc to transfer from the ring contact to a stationary contact disposed at the discharge side of the second throat and electrically connected to the ring contact. Once the supersonic flow is initiated it can be maintained in the region between the throats until the ratio between the reservoir pressure and the discharge pressure approaches one, thereby minimizing the clogging effect which might otherwise be caused by a shock wave generated during an interrupting operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a circuit interrupter embodying features of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a curve showing the relations between Area Ratio, Pressure Ratio and Mach Number in adiabatic air flow through a nozzle;
  • FIGS. 3a, b, c and d are graphical views showing the effect of pressure ratio on flow in a Laval Nozzle
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a Laval Nozzle and a diffuser
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a double-throat nozzle
  • FIG. 6 is a curve showing the relation between pressure ratio and test section Mach Number for the nozzle shown in FIG. 5.
  • A For a subsonic flow, as stated previously, A, A*. Also, for a given P /P say P corresponding to point a in FIG. 3b (P /P is close to l), A*/A is uniquely determined in the upper part of the curve in FIG. 2. A is the cross section at the discharge end of the orifice, and with this fixed, A* can be obtained. Then other points are all determined from values of A*/A along the orifice in the upper part of the curve. Since A, is the minimum cross section in a given orifice, the curve in FIG.
  • a diffuser is added as shown in FIG. 4, for the same situ-.
  • the circuit interrupter shown in FIG. 1 utilizes a double-throat orifice or nozzle of the type shown in FIG. 5.
  • the structure shown comprises a movable contact 1 which engages a stationary ring contact 2 when in the closed position, a stationary arc transfer contact 3 spaced from the ring contact, a high pressure reservoir 4, a discharge side volume 5, a double-throat orifice or nozzle 10 having throats T1 and T2 spaced longitudinally of the nozzle, an initial arcing region 6, a supersonic flow section 7 and a diffusing region 8, contact fingers 9 which slidably engage the movable contact 1, a storage reservoir 11, a compressor 12, a filter l3 and a valve 14 disposed between the storage reservoir 11 and the reservoir 4.
  • Power conductors L1 and L2 are connected to the contact fingers 9 and the arc transfer contact 3, respectively.
  • the contacts 2 and 3 are connected through a conductor 15.
  • the discharge volume 5 contains an interrupting medium, such as air or sulfur-hexafluoride, SF, gas at a relatively low pressure.
  • the storage reservoir 11 contains the interrupting medium at a relatively high pressure, the pressure being maintained by the compressor 12 which draws gas from the volume 5 through the filter 13.
  • gas is admitted through the valve 14 to the reservoir 4 from which it flows through the nozzle into the discharge volume 5.
  • the movable contact 1 and the valve 14 may be actuated in a manner well known in the circuit breaker art.
  • the valve 14 should be opened a short time before the contact 1 disengages the contact 2.
  • the area 14 of the throat T may be made larger than the area A,* of the throat T to accommodate the initial flow.
  • the upstream reservoir pressure within the chamber 4 would be, for example, 240 p.s.i. gauge, whereas the downstream reservoir pressure within the chamber 5 would be, for example 60 p.s.i. gauge.
  • the movable contact makes a gas seal at the ring sleeve contact 2 in the closed position.
  • the inrushing gas through the first orifice T1 would be at the sonic velocity because the pressure ratio is less than 0.58 required for supersonic flow, and supersonic velocity in the downstream.
  • Such supersonic flow will carry the arc terminal to the downstream catcher electrode 3 to result in an arc of considerable length extending through the two nozzles T1 and T2.
  • the nozzle diameter at T1 is 2 inches
  • the middle section diameter is about 3.5 inches
  • the second nozzle diameter T2 is about 3 inches.
  • the total length between the upstream and downstream arc catcher is about 7 inches and the time of interruption would be two cycles.
  • the invention provides an improved arc interrupting scheme in which a double-throat nozzle is utilized to maintain a supersonic flow at high discharge side to reservoir pressure ratio.
  • the high pressure generated by an are which ordinarily causes the clogging phenomenon, is utilized to initiate a supersonic flow and a rapid arc transfer to a longer gap.
  • the clogging phenomenon is minimized and the effective contact opening time is shortened by the rapid transfer of the are into a longer path length.
  • a gaseous-type circuit-interrupter comprising a unitary nozzle structure having a pair of spaced first and second throat-portions, each of said throatportions having a convergent-divergent nozzle configuration, said first and second throat-portions being connected by an interrupting passage having substantially a constant-area cross-section, the inner surface of the interrupting section between said two throat-portions being smoothly surfaced, said unitary nozzle structure having an entrance portion upstream of the first throatportion, means for establishing an are within the entrance portion of the first throat-portion comprising a stationary contact disposed adjacent the constriction of the first throat-portion and a movable contact movable during the opening operation upstream away from said first throat-portion, means providing a relatively highpressure region within said entrance portion and a relatively low-pressure region in the downstream exhausting portion beyond the second throat-portion of the unitary nozzle structure, means including the pressure established in conjunction with said arcing for establishing a supersonic flow of gas within said interrupting passage portion within the unitary nozzle
  • a compressed-gas circuit-interrupter including means at least partially of insulation defining a doublethroated nozzle having an upstream entrance-portion, an intervening interrupting portion, extending between the two spaced throats within the double-throated nozzle and a downstream exhausting portion located downstream of the second throat, a stationary electrode disposed in the constricted portion of the first throat and cooperable with a movable electrode, means for moving the movable electrode during the opening operation in an upstream direction away from the first throat-portion to thereby open up the first throatportion of the double-throated nozzle and additionally establish arcing between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode upstream of the first throatportion, means for causing a blast of high-pressure gas to flow in a downstream direction through the first and second spaced throats in sequence, means providing transfer-contact means in said downstream exhausting portion downstream of the second throat-portion including a second stationary contact disposed downstream of the second throat-portion, means providing a supersonic flow of said gas in said intervening interrupting portion extending between the two spaced

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
US00319078A 1970-02-06 1972-12-27 Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3842226A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00319078A US3842226A (en) 1970-02-06 1972-12-27 Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US937470A 1970-02-06 1970-02-06
US00319078A US3842226A (en) 1970-02-06 1972-12-27 Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle

Publications (1)

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US3842226A true US3842226A (en) 1974-10-15

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US00319078A Expired - Lifetime US3842226A (en) 1970-02-06 1972-12-27 Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle

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US (1) US3842226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS528505B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024365A (en) * 1974-11-27 1977-05-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compressed-gas multiphase circuit-breaker installation
US4471185A (en) * 1982-01-04 1984-09-11 General Electric Company Series multiple nozzles for gas blast circuit interrupter
EP0135158A3 (en) * 1983-08-24 1986-03-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas-insulated circuit breaker
US4698468A (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-10-06 Alsthom Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker usable at very low outside temperatures
US4831220A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-voltage compressed-gas circuit breaker
US5453591A (en) * 1994-04-05 1995-09-26 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. Sensing structure for component wear in high voltage circuit interrupters
WO2006021108A1 (de) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Abb Technology Ag Hochleistungsschalter
EP1916684A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-30 Abb Research Ltd. Gas-insulated high-voltage circuit breaker
WO2009124582A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-15 Abb Research Ltd Gasisolierter hochspannungsschalter
US8691022B1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-04-08 Lam Research Ag Method and apparatus for processing wafer-shaped articles
CN104871277A (zh) * 2012-10-29 2015-08-26 欧米克朗电子仪器有限公司 用于诊断自熄式断路器的方法和诊断装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5368571A (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-19 Nec Home Electronics Ltd Production of semiconductor device
JPS557966U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-06-30 1980-01-19
JPS5681939A (en) * 1979-12-07 1981-07-04 Hitachi Ltd Manufacture of semiconductor device

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2367934A (en) * 1942-07-30 1945-01-23 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Fluid blast circuit breaker
US2399412A (en) * 1943-07-15 1946-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2481996A (en) * 1944-04-22 1949-09-13 Ferguson Pailin Ltd Air blast circuit breaker
FR1123140A (fr) * 1954-04-29 1956-09-18 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs à décharge disruptive
DE1120545B (de) * 1960-10-21 1961-12-28 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Hochspannungsleistungsschalter
US3133176A (en) * 1960-08-08 1964-05-12 Gen Electric Gas blast circuit breaker
US3270173A (en) * 1963-11-21 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Gas blast circuit breaker of the axial blast type with means for injecting a high velocity gas jet
US3390240A (en) * 1965-02-26 1968-06-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit breaker with piston gas flow and selective synchronous operation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2367934A (en) * 1942-07-30 1945-01-23 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Fluid blast circuit breaker
US2399412A (en) * 1943-07-15 1946-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2481996A (en) * 1944-04-22 1949-09-13 Ferguson Pailin Ltd Air blast circuit breaker
FR1123140A (fr) * 1954-04-29 1956-09-18 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs à décharge disruptive
US3133176A (en) * 1960-08-08 1964-05-12 Gen Electric Gas blast circuit breaker
DE1120545B (de) * 1960-10-21 1961-12-28 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Hochspannungsleistungsschalter
US3270173A (en) * 1963-11-21 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Gas blast circuit breaker of the axial blast type with means for injecting a high velocity gas jet
US3390240A (en) * 1965-02-26 1968-06-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit breaker with piston gas flow and selective synchronous operation

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024365A (en) * 1974-11-27 1977-05-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compressed-gas multiphase circuit-breaker installation
US4471185A (en) * 1982-01-04 1984-09-11 General Electric Company Series multiple nozzles for gas blast circuit interrupter
EP0135158A3 (en) * 1983-08-24 1986-03-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas-insulated circuit breaker
US4698468A (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-10-06 Alsthom Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker usable at very low outside temperatures
US4831220A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-voltage compressed-gas circuit breaker
US5453591A (en) * 1994-04-05 1995-09-26 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. Sensing structure for component wear in high voltage circuit interrupters
WO2006021108A1 (de) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Abb Technology Ag Hochleistungsschalter
CN101006539B (zh) * 2004-08-23 2012-10-10 Abb技术有限公司 大功率开关
EP1916684A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-30 Abb Research Ltd. Gas-insulated high-voltage circuit breaker
WO2009124582A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-15 Abb Research Ltd Gasisolierter hochspannungsschalter
CN104871277A (zh) * 2012-10-29 2015-08-26 欧米克朗电子仪器有限公司 用于诊断自熄式断路器的方法和诊断装置
US8691022B1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-04-08 Lam Research Ag Method and apparatus for processing wafer-shaped articles
US9548221B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2017-01-17 Lam Research Ag Method and apparatus for processing wafer-shaped articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS528505B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-09
JPS461974A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-07

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ABB POWER T&D COMPANY, INC., A DE CORP., PENNSYLV

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA.;REEL/FRAME:005368/0692

Effective date: 19891229