US3840323A - Continuously adjustable controls for oil burners - Google Patents

Continuously adjustable controls for oil burners Download PDF

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Publication number
US3840323A
US3840323A US00359728A US35972873A US3840323A US 3840323 A US3840323 A US 3840323A US 00359728 A US00359728 A US 00359728A US 35972873 A US35972873 A US 35972873A US 3840323 A US3840323 A US 3840323A
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United States
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel oil
oil
supply line
throttling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00359728A
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English (en)
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O Eckerle
R Jung
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F16K31/0658—Armature and valve member being one single element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/04—Feeding or distributing systems using pumps

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Continuously adjustable oil burner controls which in-' [30] Forelgn Apphcatmn Pnomy Data clude an electromagnetic metering valve in the fuel oil Oct. 4, 1972 Germany 2248674 return line the metering valve determining the Supply of fuel oil to the atomizer nozzle of the burner as a 2:51 hits. (51. "his 131mg function of the Coil current which determines the d 5 2 throttling effect of the metering valve and thus the 1 0 pressure in the fuel oil supply line. The latter also con- 5 References Cited trols the air intake of a combustion air blower.
  • the present invention relates to oil burner controls, and in particular to automatically adjustable oil burner controls which are capable of varying the fuel and air supply to the burner so as to adjust its heat output within a wide range, while maintaining an optimal combustion ratio of fuel and air.
  • the present invention proposes to attain the above objective by suggesting an oil burner control system which uses an electromagnetically controlled metering valve, whereby an electromagnet determines the opening of the metering valve as a function of the electric current being applied to it, the latter being conveniently adjustable by means of a potentiometer, for ex-
  • an oil burner control system which uses an electromagnetically controlled metering valve, whereby an electromagnet determines the opening of the metering valve as a function of the electric current being applied to it, the latter being conveniently adjustable by means ofa potentiometer, for ex-
  • an oil burner control system which uses an electromagnetically controlled metering valve, whereby an electromagnet determines the opening of the metering valve as a function of the electric current being applied to it, the latter being conveniently adjustable by means ofa potentiometer, for ex-
  • the advantages offered by the present invention are its reliability of operation over a wide range of adjustment settings and its simplicity of design and correspondingly low production costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in which a portion of the fuel pump and the metering valve are shown in cross section, the through-flow atomizer nozzle and the remainder of the oil burner system being shown schematically;
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, similarly represented as a partial cross section in combination with a schematic representation of the oil burner system, the latter including a bypass-type atomizer nozzle;
  • FIG. 3 shows in an enlarged elevational cross section the metering valve of the invention.
  • an electric motor 6 drives a fuel pump 4 and a combustion air blower 8.
  • a suction'line 3 connects the fuel oil pump 4 to a fuel oil reservoir 2 from which the latter'pumps fuel oil through the channels 39 and 37, and via a bore in the pole core 34, into the return line 40, from where the fuel oil returns to the reservoir via line 1.
  • the blower wheel 8 simultaneously takes in air through an intake As which is determined by the movement of an air clappet 11 against the intake opening of the housing 12 of the combustion air blower.
  • combustion air passes through air conduits 13 and 16 into the combustion chamber (not shown in the drawing).
  • a back pressure valve consisting of a ball 23, a spring 22 and a set screw 21, prevents the recirculating fuel oil from passing through channel 24, via the I threaded bore 20, into the atomizer line 18 of the atomample.
  • the potentiometer in turn may be part of a ther- I biased against the valve seat in response to the magnet coil current, so that the gap between the valve seat and the armature forms a variable throttling passage which determines the fuel oil supply pressure.
  • This throttling passage is either arranged in the fuel oil return line which is branched to the fuel oil supply line, between the oil pump and the atomizer nozzle, or it is arranged in the return line between the atomizer nozzle and the oil reservoir, in the case of a bypass-type atomizer nozzle.
  • a readjustment of a potentiometer 36 admits an electric current to coil 28 so as to pull the armature 33 inside the electromagnet toward the valve seat on the upper side of pole core 34, thereby reducing the throttling gap between the armature and the valve seat.
  • the force with which the armature 33 is urged against the valve seat of pole core 34 is a function of the current that flows through coil 28 and this force determines the oil pressure which is required in the center bore of pole core 34, in order tokeep the metering valve open.
  • the air clappet 11 which determines the air intake gap As with the housing 12 of the combustion air blower is part of a hydraulic control cylinder 9 in which the plunger is stationary while the cylinder itself is axially movable in response to the pressure in the fuel oil supply channel 39, thereby opening the air clappet 11 against a biasing spring 10.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 9 communicates with the supply channel 39 via a control line l9, 15, 14.
  • An increase in the oil supply pressure caused by the adjustment of control member 35 causes the hydraulic cylinder 9 and the air clappet 11 to move against spring 10 so as to increase the air intake gap As, reducing the throttling effect of air clappet 11 on the blower intake accordingly, so as to admit more air to the latter.
  • the electromagnetic metering valve thus constitutes an essential element of the oil burner system.
  • the coil 28 of the metering valve is surrounded in a known manner by an iron circuit which consists of a yoke bracket 30 and a yoke plate 27.
  • a guide sleeve 32 of magnetically nonpermeable material which serves as a guide for the axially movable armature 33 and which forms a hermetic seal in cooperation with a gasket 26, positioned against the pump housing 25 on which the metering valve is mounted.
  • the guide sleeve 32 thus hermetically encloses the stationary pole core 34 and the movable armature 33 which constitute the throttling elements of the metering valve.
  • the electromagnetic metering valve is preferably designed for operation with d-c current, and it may be connected in a parallel circuit with the electric motor 6, the d-c circuit being supplied by a rectifying bridge circuit 38, for example.
  • FIG. 2 is shown a second embodiment of the invention in whichv the atomizer nozzle 43 is of the bypass-type (with a return line to the fuel oil reservoir).
  • This embodiment requires in addition to the metering valve a plunger shutoff valve 55 which assures a constant supply pressure in the fuel oil supply line 45 leading to nozzle 43, the metering valve being arranged in the return portion of the flow circuit.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of a still wider range of adjustments which is possible through the use of the bypass-type atomizer nozzle 43.
  • the plunger shutoff valve 55 keeps both the connection 48 to the nozzle line 45 and the connection 54 to the return line 1 closed, the shutoff valve position as shown in FIG. 2 indicating a positive closing overlap a for connection 48 and a somewhat larger positive closing overlap b for connection 54.
  • the positive closing overlap a is eliminated so that pressurized fuel oil flows through the channels 48, 47, 46, 45 into the atomizer nozzle 43. If the supply pressure from pump 4 increases still further, the positive closing overlap b likewise disappears, thereby opening an overflow connection to the fuel oil reservoir 2 via connection 54 and return line 1.
  • the electromagnetic metering valve As long as the electromagnetic metering valve is not supplied with an electric current, a major portion of the fuel oil fed to the atomizer nozzle 43 returns to the reservoir via the bypass line system 44, 49, 50, 51, because only a minimal flow resistance is present in this line portion. Thus, the amount of fuel oil being atomized by passing through the atomizer nozzle 43 itself is minimal and corresponds to the lower end of the adjustment range of the nozzle.
  • the air intake gap As of the combustion air blower is accordingly narrow, the position of the air clappet 11 being determined by the pressure in the return line 44 which is connected to the cylinder 9 of the air clappet 11 via a control line 42.
  • the response characteristics of the biasing spring 10, of the air clappet 11, and of the atomizer nozzle 43 are again coordinated so as to obtain an optimal mixing ratio of fuel oil and combustion air.
  • the adjustment of the flow rate through the atomizer nozzle 43 is again obtained by means of a control lever 35 which adjusts a potentiometer 36 controlling the electric current flowing through coil 28 of the electromagnetic metering valve.
  • the latter is of the same type as described previously.
  • the metering valve is arranged in the bypass-line portion 44, 49, 50, 52, 53, 1 through which the fuel oil returns to the reservoir 2.
  • a movement of the armature of the metering valve thus increases the resistance in the bypass-line, thereby causing the quantity of oil being atomized in the atomizer nozzle 43 to be similarly increased.
  • the higher pressure in the bypass line 44 simultaneously causes the air clappet control cylinder 9 to move against the spring 10 so as to admit more combustion air through the intake gap As.
  • the electromagnetic metering valve of the invention is illustrated in more detail, and at an enlarged scale, in FIG. 3 of the drawing.
  • the throttling elements of the valve are of the flatseat type, although they could likewise be of any other suitable type.
  • the flat-seat valve has the following advantages:
  • valve seat is not very sensitive against the accumulation of deposits, the latter being continuously removed by the fuel oil flow, under the action of the armature against the valve seat;
  • the seat of pole core 34 is provided with a circular relief groove 60 which communicates with two lateral return flow grooves 61. This arrangement eliminates the pressure against the seat area outside the circular relief groove 60.
  • the armature 33 is provided with a peripheral skirt 58, preferably of a magnetically non-permeable material, the skirt 58 deflecting the oil stream downwardly so as to prevent any pressure buildup in the space 62 above the armature.
  • a short-circuiting ring 63 in the lower end face of armature 33 eliminates any humming tendency of the latter.
  • a control device for adjusting the combustion rate of the burner comprising in combination:
  • a fuel oil pump connected to an oil reservoir, said pump being driven by a motor at a substantially constant speed, thereby supplying a substantially even flow of oil to the system;
  • a combustion air blower being similarly driven at a substantially constant speed, thereby supplying a flow of combustion air to the system;
  • a burner head including an atomizer nozzle by means of which the fuel oil and combustion air are mixed and combusted;
  • an electromagnetic metering valve in said return line for adjustably throttling the oil flow therein so as to determine an adjustable fuel oil supply pressure and flow rate in the oil supply line;
  • An oil burner control device as defined in claim 1, 10 wherein:
  • the electromagnetic metering valve includes a field coil and an axially movable armature inside the coil, the magnetic field of the coil biasing the armature toward a flow throttling position with a force that increases with increasing coil current; the metering valve further including a stationary pole core which cooperates with the movable armature to create the throttling action of the valve; and
  • valve adjustment controlling means includes means for adjusting said coil current.
  • the movable armature has agenerally fiat throttling surface facing the pole core;
  • the pole core has a cooperating flat throttling seat facing the throttling surface of the armature, the seat area being bounded by a relief groove whose diameter is considerably smaller than the diameter of the armature;
  • the path of the fuel oil return line through the metering valve includes a central entry bore through the pole core to its throttling seat and one or more radially spaced exit channels in the pole core which communicate with the relief groove.
  • the metering valve armature includes a peripheral skirt which surrounds its throttling surface and extends toward the pole core so as to deflect the oil flow toward the latter and into the exit channels.
  • valve biasing means being so calibrated that the check valve remains closed, when less than a predetermined supply pressure is established in the supply line upstream of the check valve.
  • the check valve is a ball-type back pressure valve arranged between the supply line bypass point and the atomizer nozzle;
  • valve biasing means is a compression spring.
  • the check valve is a plunger valve which includes a moving plunger
  • valve-biasing means is a spring which engages one end of the plunger, urging the latter into its closed position against the supply pressure in the fuel oil supply line which impinges on the plunger from the opposite end.
  • the burner head includes a bypass-type atomizer nozzle to which the supply line feeds fuel oil, the bypass junction of the supply line being part of said atomizer nozzle;
  • the plunger valve is arranged in the oil supply line between the fuel oil pump and said bypass point, and further includes a pressure relief line between it and the fuel oil reservoir;
  • the fuel oil supply line and the valve plunger define a first closing overlap in the closed valve position and the pressure relief line and the valve plunger define a second, larger closing overlap in the same closed valve position;
  • valve biasing means is so calibrated that the valve plunger displacement is less than said first closing overlap as long as the oil supply pressure determined by the metering valve is below a predetermined value, and is more than said second closing overlap when the supply pressure exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the combustion air blower includes a blower housing and an air intake opening defined by said housing;
  • the air flow throttling means is a clappet valve at the air intake opening, the clappet valve including a means for biasing it toward its closed position, and a hydraulic cylinder means for progressively opening it against the biasing means, as the pressure in the fuel oil supply line increases.
  • the hydraulic cylinder means includes a control line connecting it to the fuel oil supply line.
  • the hydraulic cylinder means includes a control line connecting it to the fuel oil return line upstream of the throttling means in the latter.
  • the fuel oil pump is a positive displacement pump producing a constant oil flow rate independent of the counter-pressure to be overcome in the supply line; and the combustion air blower is rotatably coupled with the fuel oil pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US00359728A 1972-10-04 1973-05-14 Continuously adjustable controls for oil burners Expired - Lifetime US3840323A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722248674 DE2248674A1 (de) 1972-10-04 1972-10-04 Magnetventil fuer oelbrennerpumpen

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US (1) US3840323A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2248674A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2202581A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1432261A (OSRAM)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972351A (en) * 1975-07-30 1976-08-03 Ray Oil Burner Co. Viscosity compensating oil burner control system
US4008039A (en) * 1975-05-16 1977-02-15 International Harvester Company Low emission burners and control systems therefor
US4157238A (en) * 1975-12-16 1979-06-05 Berkum Robert A Van Control system for combustion apparatus and method
US4264297A (en) * 1976-12-15 1981-04-28 Berkum Robert A Van Control system for combustion apparatus
US5732880A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-03-31 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Heater for a vehicle powered by an internal-combustion engine
JP3429779B2 (ja) 1996-11-02 2003-07-22 ヨット エーバーシュペッヘル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディト ゲゼルシャフト エンジンとは無関係な車両暖房装置のための圧力噴霧化バーナ
US20070099135A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Frank Schubach Waste oil heater system
US20080305446A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-11 Nucor Corporation Method of preheating steelmaking ladles
US20110049405A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-03-03 Martin Bill Actuating device
US20110079740A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-04-07 Hydac Electronic Gmbh Actuating device

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2909768A1 (de) * 1979-03-13 1980-09-18 Rausch & Pausch Magnetventil
CA1240969A (en) * 1983-11-17 1988-08-23 General Motors Corporation Solenoid valve assembly
US4821760A (en) * 1984-09-28 1989-04-18 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Voice coil assembly for an electropneumatic converter

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008039A (en) * 1975-05-16 1977-02-15 International Harvester Company Low emission burners and control systems therefor
US3972351A (en) * 1975-07-30 1976-08-03 Ray Oil Burner Co. Viscosity compensating oil burner control system
US4157238A (en) * 1975-12-16 1979-06-05 Berkum Robert A Van Control system for combustion apparatus and method
US4264297A (en) * 1976-12-15 1981-04-28 Berkum Robert A Van Control system for combustion apparatus
US5732880A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-03-31 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Heater for a vehicle powered by an internal-combustion engine
JP3429779B2 (ja) 1996-11-02 2003-07-22 ヨット エーバーシュペッヘル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディト ゲゼルシャフト エンジンとは無関係な車両暖房装置のための圧力噴霧化バーナ
US20070099135A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Frank Schubach Waste oil heater system
US20080305446A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-11 Nucor Corporation Method of preheating steelmaking ladles
US8142541B2 (en) * 2007-06-11 2012-03-27 Nucor Corporation Method of preheating steelmaking ladles
US8585961B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2013-11-19 Nucor Corporation Preheaters for preheating steelmaking ladles
US20110049405A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-03-03 Martin Bill Actuating device
US20110079740A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-04-07 Hydac Electronic Gmbh Actuating device
US8757584B2 (en) * 2008-06-26 2014-06-24 Hydac Electronic Gmbh Actuating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1432261A (en) 1976-04-14
FR2202581A5 (OSRAM) 1974-05-03
DE2248674A1 (de) 1974-04-11

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