US3839526A - Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process - Google Patents

Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3839526A
US3839526A US00247085A US24708572A US3839526A US 3839526 A US3839526 A US 3839526A US 00247085 A US00247085 A US 00247085A US 24708572 A US24708572 A US 24708572A US 3839526 A US3839526 A US 3839526A
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United States
Prior art keywords
circle
orifices
filament
filaments
spinnerette
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00247085A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Riley
H White
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE787049D priority Critical patent/BE787049A/xx
Application filed by Celanese Corp filed Critical Celanese Corp
Priority to US00247085A priority patent/US3839526A/en
Priority to GB2922072A priority patent/GB1364375A/en
Priority to IT26583/72A priority patent/IT962402B/it
Priority to JP47066395A priority patent/JPS4920415A/ja
Priority to CA146,535A priority patent/CA1000014A/en
Priority to FR7226195A priority patent/FR2181632B1/fr
Priority to US440902A priority patent/US3918247A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3839526A publication Critical patent/US3839526A/en
Priority to CA250,817A priority patent/CA1000941A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • Each orifice is defined by five substantially identical arcuate convexities spaced from one another by five substantially identical arcuate concavities; each convexity lies along a common circle having a diameter of less than about 200 microns and subtends an angle at the center of said circle from about 20 to about 45; and each said concavity projects inwardly of said circle to a distance of about to 20% of the diameter of said circle.
  • the present invention relates to the production of synthetic yarns of uniform visual characteristics by extrusion of filament-forming material through spinnerettes having orifices of special configuration.
  • Synthetic yarns are generally produced by melt, wet or dry spinning.
  • melt spinning the filament-forming material is melted and extruded through a spinnerette or jet providedwith orifices to form continuous filaments which are then collected after solidification.
  • wet spinning the filament-forming material is dissolved in a solvent and is extruded through the spinneretteinto a liquid coagulating medium which removes the solvent to precipitate the filament-forming material.
  • dry spinning the filament-formin-g material is again dissolved in a solvent, which is volatile, and extrusion is-eifected into a gaseous medium which evaporates the solvent.
  • the dry spinning technique has proven. to be especially suitable.
  • the products of extrusion are used in a variety of end uses, including draperies, apparel, and the like. In many of these end.uses the visual appearance of the greige goods and of the dyed product is most critical, even the slightest variationsresulting in.- down-grading of the product.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for producing yarns of such uniformity.
  • the extrusion orifices have been specially shaped so as to produce filaments of precise predetermined cross sections, e.g. H, I, K, X or Y cross-section.
  • such special cross-section yarns are more free of such visual irregularities than those produced from round ori fices.
  • the visual appearance and feel, i.e. hand, of such special yarns differ from those to which the trade is accustomed and which the trade wants.
  • a Y cross-section yarn is characterized by a much stiffer or crisper feel than the conventional random lobate yarns.
  • Y-cross-section yarns are characterized by a much higher luster or reflectance so as to impart a special sparkle which, though especially suited for certain end uses, is of limited commercial interest.
  • the other special cross-section yarns exhibit the same differences to varying degrees.
  • each filament will have lobes as in the filaments produced from conventional round orifices but the lobes will be rod-like in character and extend substantially the full length of each filament without variation in number and Without wandering about the filament as in a helical configuration.
  • the filament-forming material is extruded through a spinner-cite provided with a plurality of orifices of multigrooved shape, each of said orifices being defined.
  • the spinnerette has 5 to 7 convexities and an equal number of concavities defining each orifice, the diameter of the circle on which said convexities lie being less than about 200p.
  • the yarns so produced compriseaplurality of filaments
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatusfor producing a yarn in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a spinnerette in accordance with the invention with the orifices shown on a largely exaggerated scale;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view'of a preferred spinnerette orifice in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph showing the cross-section of a conventional yarn produced by extrusion through round orifices
  • FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the cross-section of filaments of a yarn producedby extrusion through a spinnerette in accordance with the invention having orifices as shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of a rod-like, lobular filament produced in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of a comparison filament exhibiting lobular characteristics but being irregular rather than rod-like;
  • FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a comparison filament which is rod-like but highly serrated rather than lobular.
  • FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph of a comparison filament which is irregular and serrated rather than being rod-like and lobular.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a dry spinning apparatus comprising a metering pump 10 which discharges a solution of filament-forming material through a filter 12 and a spinnerette 14 to form a bundle of filaments comprising a yarn 16.
  • the spinnerette 14 is housed in a spinning cabinet or column 18 into which air is admitted at 20, leaving at 22 together with the volatile solvent which has been evaporated from the freshly-formed yarn; alternatively, air may be admitted at 22 and leave the cabinet at 20.
  • the yarn leaves the cabinet through an aperture 24 near its bottom and passes about a feed roll 26 which determines the speed at which the yarn is drawn along. After passing about the feed roll the yarn is lubricated at 28, passes through a balloon guide 30 to a ring and traveler take-up 32 to be collected on a bobbin 34.
  • the spinnerette 14 is provided in its face with a plurality of orifices, apertures or holes of a special shape. These holes are generally provided along one or more circular paths although they may be arranged in any other pattern desired.
  • the orifices in FIG. 2 are shown on a highly magnified scale since they normally are less than about 200
  • each orifice 40 comprises a plurality of convexities 42, in this embodiment five in number, alternated with an equal number of concavities 44.
  • the convexities 42 are arcuate and generally lie along a common circle 46.
  • the concavities 44 constitute depression ranging from about 5 to 20% of the diameter of the circle.
  • concavities 44 are more or less circular arcs whose centers lie along a comomn circle located somewhere beyond circle 46.
  • the arcs 44 are less than semicircular so as not to form reentry angles. While in this particular preferred embodiment the convexities 42 have been shown as subtending arcs of about 36 of the circle 46, the subtended arc can vary from about 20 to 45. The arcs of circle 46 subtended by the concavity 44 will obviously vary correspondingly.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a micrograph of the filaments produced by extrusion through a spinnerette having a plurality of orifices as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the marked regularity from filament to filament is readily apparent as is the precise nature of the individual lobes.
  • FIG. 4 the cross-section of filaments produced by extrusion through round orifices and it is readily apparent that the number of lobes and their disposition is quite irregular.
  • the filaments are characterized by angular lobes and by many fiat surfaces so that the reflectance of light therefrom is significantly different than from conventional filaments asshown in FIG. 4.
  • the novel filaments of FIG. 5 duplicate the visual appearance realized by yarns and fabrics made from normal cross-section yarns but yet are free of the streaks or light spots seen in fabrics made from such conventional yarns.
  • FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of a length of an individual filament in accordance with the present invention from which it can be seen that the filament is lobular with the lobes extending in a rod-like manner longitudinally along the filament. While even conventional filaments extruded through round orifices may exhibit such characteristics over very short portions of their length, overall their appearance is more as shown in FIG. 9 wherein the numerous horizontal lines indicate a high degree of serration rather than a simple lobular configuration; the relatively sinuous path of the straight lines from one end of the filament to the other indicate the size and disposition of the lobes which thus are comparatively irregular rather than rod-like.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show products somewhere in between, the filaments in FIG. 7 being lobular but irregular rather than rod-like, while that in FIG. 8 is rod-like but serrated rather than lobular.
  • the superior fidelity of the novel yarn is characterized by its Tortuosity Coefficient which is the average of the Longitudinal Coordinate and Serrational Coordinate.
  • the Longitudinal Coordinate is an indication of the rod-like character of the lobes while the Serrational Coordinate is an index of the extent to which the filaments have lobular protuberances as compared simply to a serrated surface.
  • To measure the Longitudinal and Serrational Coordinates which are averaged to yield the Tortuosity Coefficient a sample of yarn is washed in ether to remove the lubricant and a slide is made for microscopic examination. A 1.5 inch length of the filament is examined at 210 magnification and rated simultaneously on the two Coordinates as follows:
  • a yarn surface irregularity involves a filament rolling or twisting and changes in number of serration or lobes.
  • Serrational Coordinates Rating of 1 an average of one or two lobes along the length, counted at three points;
  • Serrations or lobes on filaments can readily be observed, being bounded by dark horizontal lines in the longitudinal view.
  • Each filament in a yarn is rated 1, 2 or 3 for the Longitudinal Coordinate and the Serrational Coordinate and an average is established for the complete yarn.
  • the Tortuosity Coeflicient is the average of the Longitudinal and Serrational Coordinates.
  • twist has inadvertently been inserted into the filament when mounting it on the slide, such twist having the appearance of a dark, unclassifiable portion followed by the resumption of the previous filament classification. Such phenomenon is ignored when counting indications in establishing the ratings.
  • the filaments of the present invention are characterized by extremely low Tortuosity Coefiicient, i.e.
  • the Longitudinal Coordinates are extremely low, i.e. approaching 1; they are substantially always below about 1.5, in the overwhelming proportions of instances below about 1.25 and frequently below about 1.1.
  • the number of lobes may range from 5 to 10. As the number of lobes increases it becomes increasingly difficult to manufacture the jet and the lobes approach serrations which will change the visual character of the product. Below 5 lobes the product will exhibit a difference in hand as compared with conventional cross-section yarns. From the standpoint of ease of formation of the spinnerette and properties of the resulting product, spinnerettes provided with to 7 convexities and concavities are preferred, yielding filaments with the same number of lobes. The spinnerettes may be produced by punching with metal wires the appropriate shape, by electroforming techniques, or the like.
  • Filament-forming materials preferably employed in the practice of the present invention are the derivatives of cellulose, such as the esters or ethers thereof, for example, cellulose organic acid esters, such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose benzoate, cellulose acetate formate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate and the like, ethyl cellulose, etc.
  • the esters may be ripened and acetatesoluble, such as conventional cellulose acetate, or may be substantially fully esterified, that is, contain fewer than 0.29 free hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit, e.g. cellulose triacetate.
  • the filament-forming material may also comprise other thermoplastic solvent-soluble polymeric materials such as superpolyamides, e.g. nylon; superpolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyglycolic acid-and copolymers thereof; acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers; polymers and. copolymers of olefins and vinyl esters such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, and the like.
  • superpolyamides e.g. nylon
  • superpolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyglycolic acid-and copolymers thereof
  • acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers polymers and. copolymers of olefins and vinyl esters such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, and the like.
  • the filament-forming material is initially in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved in a volatile solvent which is extruded through the jet openings of a spinnerette into an evaporative atmosphere.
  • the resulting filaments are taken up at a linear speed of about 75 to 2000 and preferably 200 to 1000 meters per minute.
  • the take-up speed may range from about 0.6 to 1.4 and preferably about 0.9 to 1.2 times the linear speed at which the solution is extruded through the jet openings.
  • the temperature of the dope as extruded generally ranges from about 40 to 110 C.
  • the denier of the individual filaments may vary from as little as 1 or less to 50m more, although they preferably range from 2 to about 25 denier and most preferably from about 3 to denier.
  • the number of filaments in a bundle will be determined by the end use to which it is intended to put the yarn and may range from as few as 2 up to several thousand. Preferably, however, there are at least about 10 filaments per bundle and up to about 200 or 300. Beyond that number of filaments even filaments of conventional cross-section will tend to balance one another out so that in a given yarn the likelihood of streaks would have diminished.
  • the collected yarn may be bulked as by crimp- .ing, air jet texturing or the like, or may be cut into staple fiber, disadvantages of visible variations are most pro nounced with yarns taken up in conventional fashion with varying degrees of twist or interlacing and made into fabricsintended to have a regular appearance.
  • EXAMPLE 1 (a) Cellulose triacetate dissolved to a concentration of about 20% by weight in 90-10 methylene chloridemethanol containing a blue pigment was dry spun through 20'spinnerettes each provided with 20 orifices having a configuration as shown in FIG. 3 .with an equal to that of a circular orifice of 42 diameter.
  • the concavities 44 were about of the diameter of circle 46 and the arcs subtended by convexities 42 were about 24.
  • the yarns were collected at 375 meters per minute after passage through air at 58 C. and had a denier per filament of 3.75.
  • Table 2 indicates a change in pentalobal jets produces a slight increase in uniformity but not so great as to result in a visible difference.
  • a change in jets with round orifices produces a substantial drop in uniformity, so abruptly as to present a potential visual problem in the fabric.
  • Fabrics were woven from the yarns obtained at various times during the trial using a construction which rendered streaking most visible.
  • the fabrics made from the yarns of conventional cross-section exhibited commercially unaccept-able streaking throughout the trial.
  • the fabrics woven of the novel yarns were streak-free during the first two weeks and thereafter showed only very minor subtle streaks.
  • Example 3 The process of Example 1 was repeated using a jet of cross-sectional area equal to a 38 i circle with shallow concavities about 6 to 8% of the circle diameter and each subtending an arc of about 28f. The resulting filaments had. highly uniform lobes separated by very narrow channels.
  • a spinnerette with a plurality of orifices of multigrooved shape each of said orifices being defined by five substantially identical arcuate convexities spaced from one another by five substantially identical arcuate concavities; wherein each convexity lies along a common circle having a diameter of less than about 200 microns and subtends an angle at the center of said circle from about 20 to about 45; and wherein each said concavity projects inwardly of said circle to a distance of about to 20% of the diameter of said circle.
  • each convexity lies along a common circle having a diameter of less than about 200 microns and subtends an angle at the center of said circle from about 20 to about and wherein each said concavity projects inwardly of said circle to a distance of about 5% to 20% of the diameter of said circle.
  • a method according to claim 4 wherein said formed concavities are substantially circular arcs of less than about 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US00247085A 1972-04-24 1972-04-24 Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process Expired - Lifetime US3839526A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE787049D BE787049A (fr) 1972-04-24 Filament textile strie
US00247085A US3839526A (en) 1972-04-24 1972-04-24 Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process
GB2922072A GB1364375A (en) 1972-04-24 1972-06-22 Production of multi-lobed artifical filaments
JP47066395A JPS4920415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-24 1972-07-04
IT26583/72A IT962402B (it) 1972-04-24 1972-07-04 Filato costituito da una pluralita di filamenti pluri lobati procedi mento per la sua produzione e fi liera per realizzare tale procedi mento
CA146,535A CA1000014A (en) 1972-04-24 1972-07-06 Dry spun pentagrooved filaments
FR7226195A FR2181632B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-24 1972-07-20
US440902A US3918247A (en) 1972-04-24 1974-02-08 Dry spun pentagrooved filaments
CA250,817A CA1000941A (en) 1972-04-24 1976-04-22 Dry spun pentagrooved filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00247085A US3839526A (en) 1972-04-24 1972-04-24 Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3839526A true US3839526A (en) 1974-10-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00247085A Expired - Lifetime US3839526A (en) 1972-04-24 1972-04-24 Pentagrooved spinnerette orifices and process

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US (1) US3839526A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4920415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE787049A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1000014A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2181632B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1364375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT962402B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5704690A (en) * 1996-08-26 1998-01-06 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Yarn having wicker appearance and articles made therefrom
USD395171S (en) 1996-06-28 1998-06-16 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Fiber
US5845970A (en) * 1996-08-26 1998-12-08 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Yarn having wicker appearance and article made therefrom
USD409001S (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-05-04 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Fiber
US6828505B1 (en) 1996-06-21 2004-12-07 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. Method and electrical apparatus comprising a water tree resistant insulating composition
US20070257393A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Wei-Sung Chen Manufacturing method of an artificial strip for imitated rattan/willow furniture and a device system thereof
US20080182073A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Wei-Sung Chen Manufacturing method of an artificial strip for imitative rattan/willow furniture and the artificial strip thereof
US7892989B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2011-02-22 Casual Living Worldwide, Inc. Woven articles from synthetic self twisted yarns
CN101922056B (zh) * 2009-06-12 2012-05-23 珠海醋酸纤维有限公司 纺丝甬道风的调节方法
EP2877618A4 (en) * 2012-07-25 2016-04-06 Celanese Acetate Llc SPIDER NOZZLE WITH TRI-ARC HOLES AND TRI-ARC FILAMENTS PRODUCED THEREOF

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6828505B1 (en) 1996-06-21 2004-12-07 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. Method and electrical apparatus comprising a water tree resistant insulating composition
USD395171S (en) 1996-06-28 1998-06-16 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Fiber
US5704690A (en) * 1996-08-26 1998-01-06 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Yarn having wicker appearance and articles made therefrom
US5845970A (en) * 1996-08-26 1998-12-08 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Yarn having wicker appearance and article made therefrom
USD409001S (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-05-04 Sun Isle Casual Furniture, Llc Fiber
US7892989B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2011-02-22 Casual Living Worldwide, Inc. Woven articles from synthetic self twisted yarns
US20070257393A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Wei-Sung Chen Manufacturing method of an artificial strip for imitated rattan/willow furniture and a device system thereof
US20080182073A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Wei-Sung Chen Manufacturing method of an artificial strip for imitative rattan/willow furniture and the artificial strip thereof
CN101922056B (zh) * 2009-06-12 2012-05-23 珠海醋酸纤维有限公司 纺丝甬道风的调节方法
EP2877618A4 (en) * 2012-07-25 2016-04-06 Celanese Acetate Llc SPIDER NOZZLE WITH TRI-ARC HOLES AND TRI-ARC FILAMENTS PRODUCED THEREOF

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT962402B (it) 1973-12-20
BE787049A (fr) 1973-02-01
FR2181632B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-08-13
CA1000014A (en) 1976-11-23
JPS4920415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-22
FR2181632A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-07
GB1364375A (en) 1974-08-21

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