US3839157A - Water spray over transfer mechanism for cooling chars - Google Patents
Water spray over transfer mechanism for cooling chars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3839157A US3839157A US00350771A US35077173A US3839157A US 3839157 A US3839157 A US 3839157A US 00350771 A US00350771 A US 00350771A US 35077173 A US35077173 A US 35077173A US 3839157 A US3839157 A US 3839157A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- char
- trough
- furnace
- holding tank
- open end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B39/00—Cooling or quenching coke
- C10B39/12—Cooling or quenching coke combined with conveying means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Char made from lower ranked coals in a horizontal chain grate coking furnace is discharged at the output end of the furnace into a laterally moving horizontal screw conveyor wherein it is quenched, fed laterally, and discharged into the top of a shaft furnace.
- a hopper into which the char drops from the oven grate, and a water spray for quenching the char as it drops into the hopper.
- a screw conveyor which feeds the hot, wet char into the top of a shaft which constitutes a holding tank. Water is sprayed onto the char in the top of the shaft and a suitable feeder discharges the coal char from the bottom of the shaft.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical cross section taken lengthwise of the apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical cross section taken transversely through the end of the apparatus.
- the material to be charred such as peat, lignite, brown coal, and possibly one'of the lower volatile sub-bituminous coals is fed from a storage bin through a scale 12 and hopper inputs 14 ofa hot carbonizer furnace 16 (see Mansfield U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,434,932 and 3,434,933 for further details of this type of coking furnace) in which the material is spread onto a horizontally moving chain grate 18 by means of a spreader gate 20 to form a bed 22.
- a hot carbonizer furnace 16 see Mansfield U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,434,932 and 3,434,933 for further details of this type of coking furnace
- the chain grate runs over end sprockets 23, 24 in the direction indicated, the sprockets being conventionally driven and supported by shafts and bearings, not shown, and beneath the top run of the chain grate is a zoned airbox 26.
- zones zones 16, for example
- various amounts of air and steam may be zone fed upwardly through the bed and hot combustion by-product gases may be downdrafted through the bed.
- the net result being that the material is charred as it moves through the furnace and as the char drops off the end of the grate run which is at the output end of the furnace. It is almost completely devolatilized, so hot and with so much surface area that it would immediately oxidize if exposed to air. To prevent this, the following are provided:
- a hopper 28 Disposed within the housing of the furnace so as to catch the char as the latter drops off the end of the grate run is a hopper 28 in the bottom of which runs a screw conveyor 30. As the hot char drops towards and into the hopper, it is sprayed with water issuing from spray jets 32. Steam issues upwardly via stack 33 and the wet char is screwed laterally through a restricted passage 34 into the top end of a shaft-like holding tank 36 from the bottom of which the then cooled char is discharged through a suitable air-lock feeder 38.
- This process cools high surface area char rapidly below the ignition point in the absence of any oxidizing gases and greatly enhances fixed carbon recovery without materially increasing the ash content of the char. Since the sprayed water cools the char and is vaporized during the cooling period, an essentially dry char is produced; and, by the use of this system, there is no infusion of air from leaks or dumping grates at the critical times and places where the danger of oxidation are most serious.
- a carbonizer furnace having laterally disposed input and output ends, means for feeding material to be charred to the input end of the furnace,
- endless chain grate means for conveying the material horizontally through the furnace from the input to the output ends thereof
- the improvement which comprises a horizontal trough disposed below the output end of the furnace in position to receive the hot char freely falling from the chain grate at the output end of the furnace,
- a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char issuing from the open end of said trough falls by gravity into said holding tank,
- water spray means for spraying water onto the char as the latter is received into the trough from the furnace; and means for discharging the char from the bottom of the holding tank.
- a horizontal trough for receiving free-falling char from said discharge, said trough having an open end,
- a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char discharged from the open end of the trough falls freely into said holding tank,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Char made from lower ranked coals in a horizontal chain grate coking furnace is discharged at the output end of the furnace into a laterally moving horizontal screw conveyor wherein it is quenched, fed laterally, and discharged into the top of a shaft furnace.
Description
United States Patent 1191 Hagstrom 1 Oct. 1, 1974 [54] WATER SPRAY OVER TRANSFER 1,944,192 1/1934 Riddell 202/227 MECHANISM O COOLING CHARS 2,997,427 8/1961 Mansfield 3,591,462 7/1971 Bretz 202/117 Inventor: Robert G. Hagstrom, Nashville,
Tenn.
Assignee: Peabody Coal Company, St. Louis,
Filed: Apr. 13, 1973 Appl. No.: 350,771
US. Cl 202/117, 202/227, 201/39 Int. Cl. .;.C10b 1/00, ClOb 39/12 Field of Search 202/227, 226, 230, 117,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1918 McDonald 202/227 Primary Examiner-Wilbur L. Bascomb, Jr. Assistant ExaminerD. Sanders Attorney, Agent, or Firm-James H. Littlepage [57] ABSTRACT Char made from lower ranked coals in a horizontal chain grate coking furnace is discharged at the output end of the furnace into a laterally moving horizontal screw conveyor wherein it is quenched, fed laterally, and discharged into the top of a shaft furnace.
4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures ATMOSPHERE EAIENTEDBBT 1 1 3.839, 1 5T FIGI ATMOSPHERE WATER SPRAY OVER TRANSFER MECHANISM FOR COOLING CHARS RELATED APPLICATIONS Whitten and I-lagstrom, PRODUCTION OF ACTI- VATED CHAR USING A MOVING GRATE STO- KER, Ser. No. 130,737 filed Apr. 2, 1971, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In utilizing the method disclosed in the Whitten and I-Iagstrom application, supra, the coal, after being charred in a hot carbonizing furnace nearly to the point of complete devolatilization, was dropped off the end of a horizontally moving chain grate into the top of a shaft furnace. While this method is successful with bituminous or higher ranked coals, it was found that char made from lower ranked materials such as peat, lignite, or brown coal and some of the lower volatile subbituminous coals have such extensive surface area that it would undergo excessive oxidation in transit from the coking furnace to the shaft furnace. This was due at least in large part to the presence of small amounts of oxygen in the system.
Another advantage in this over the former system is in the elimination of what may be called a packing factor. As the char moved downwardly through the shaft furnace, it was quenched with cool inert gas which was swept through it. Somehow or other, the char would pack so that the quenching gases were prevented from reaching parts of the mass, so that when this mass was subsequently exposed to the atmosphere, it tended to reignite.
According to the present invention, it is intended now to provide, at the end of the coking oven in which the coal is charred, a hopper into which the char drops from the oven grate, and a water spray for quenching the char as it drops into the hopper. In the bottom of the hopper is a screw conveyor which feeds the hot, wet char into the top of a shaft which constitutes a holding tank. Water is sprayed onto the char in the top of the shaft and a suitable feeder discharges the coal char from the bottom of the shaft.
These and other objects will be apparent from the following specification and drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical cross section taken lengthwise of the apparatus; and,
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical cross section taken transversely through the end of the apparatus.
Referring first to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the material to be charred such as peat, lignite, brown coal, and possibly one'of the lower volatile sub-bituminous coals is fed from a storage bin through a scale 12 and hopper inputs 14 ofa hot carbonizer furnace 16 (see Mansfield U.S. Pats. Nos. 3,434,932 and 3,434,933 for further details of this type of coking furnace) in which the material is spread onto a horizontally moving chain grate 18 by means of a spreader gate 20 to form a bed 22. The chain grate runs over end sprockets 23, 24 in the direction indicated, the sprockets being conventionally driven and supported by shafts and bearings, not shown, and beneath the top run of the chain grate is a zoned airbox 26. As the bed passes over the airbox zones (zones 16, for example), various amounts of air and steam may be zone fed upwardly through the bed and hot combustion by-product gases may be downdrafted through the bed. The net result being that the material is charred as it moves through the furnace and as the char drops off the end of the grate run which is at the output end of the furnace. It is almost completely devolatilized, so hot and with so much surface area that it would immediately oxidize if exposed to air. To prevent this, the following are provided:
Disposed within the housing of the furnace so as to catch the char as the latter drops off the end of the grate run is a hopper 28 in the bottom of which runs a screw conveyor 30. As the hot char drops towards and into the hopper, it is sprayed with water issuing from spray jets 32. Steam issues upwardly via stack 33 and the wet char is screwed laterally through a restricted passage 34 into the top end of a shaft-like holding tank 36 from the bottom of which the then cooled char is discharged through a suitable air-lock feeder 38.
As the wet char enters the top of holding tank 36, it is again sprayed with water issuing from suitable jets 40. The steam resulting from this spraying, as well as from the water still in the char from the previous spraying, exhausts through the char as the latter is screwed through the restricted passage 34, whereupon it mingles with the steam and other gases issuing from the char in the hopper and exhausts through the stack 33. Thus, no air can follow the char into the holding tank. By adjusting the amounts of spray water issuing from jets 32 and 40, a carbon/water ratio can be established such as to produce adequate cooling of the char while at the same time producing a char which is reasonably dry.
This process cools high surface area char rapidly below the ignition point in the absence of any oxidizing gases and greatly enhances fixed carbon recovery without materially increasing the ash content of the char. Since the sprayed water cools the char and is vaporized during the cooling period, an essentially dry char is produced; and, by the use of this system, there is no infusion of air from leaks or dumping grates at the critical times and places where the danger of oxidation are most serious.
I claim:
1. In an apparatus for producing char comprising,
a carbonizer furnace having laterally disposed input and output ends, means for feeding material to be charred to the input end of the furnace,
endless chain grate means for conveying the material horizontally through the furnace from the input to the output ends thereof,
and means for feeding air in controlled amounts through the material as the latter is conveyed through the furnace so as to create limited combustion sufficient to raise the temperature of the material substantially devolatilized the same and produce thereof a hot char,
the improvement which comprises a horizontal trough disposed below the output end of the furnace in position to receive the hot char freely falling from the chain grate at the output end of the furnace,
said trough terminating in an open end,
a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char issuing from the open end of said trough falls by gravity into said holding tank,
conveyor means in said trough for feeding the char from the trough to the tank,
water spray means for spraying water onto the char as the latter is received into the trough from the furnace; and means for discharging the char from the bottom of the holding tank.
2. The improvement recited in claim 1, and water spray means for spraying water onto the char as the latter is fed into the holding tank from the trough.
3. The improvement recited in claim 1, and means providing a restriction in the passage for the char between the trough and the holding tank said conveyor being a screw conveyor running from the bottom of the trough to the upper portion of the holding tank, a convolution of said screw conveyor occupying said restrict1on.
4. In combination with a carbonizer furnace for producing char, including means providing a furnace housing having a free-falling char discharge,
a horizontal trough for receiving free-falling char from said discharge, said trough having an open end,
a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char discharged from the open end of the trough falls freely into said holding tank,
conveyor means for feeding char through said trough to said tank,
means for spraying water on said char as the latter falls freely into said trough,
and means for spraying water onto the char as the latter falls freely into the holding tank from the trough.
Claims (4)
1. In an apparatus for producing char comprising, a carbonizer furnace having laterally disposed input and output ends, means for feeding material to be charred to the input end of the furnace, endless chain grate means for conveying the material horizontally through the furnace from the input to the output ends thereof, and means for feeding air in controlled amounts through the material as the latter is conveyed through the furnace so as to create limited combustion sufficient to raise the temperature of the material substantially devolatilized the same and produce thereof a hot char, the improvement which comprises a horizontal trough disposed below the output end of the furnace in position to receive the hot char freely falling from the chain grate at the output end of the furnace, said trough terminating in an open end, a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char issuing from the open end of said trough falls by gravity into said holding tank, conveyor means in said trough for feeding the char from the trough to the tank, water spray means for spraying water onto the char as the latter is received into the trough from the furnace; and means for discharging the char from the bottom of the holding tank.
2. The improvement recited in claim 1, and water spray means for spraying water onto the char as the latter is fed into the holding tank from the trough.
3. The improvement recited in claim 1, and means providing a restriction in the passage for the char between the trough and the holding tank said conveyor being a screw conveyor running from the bottom of the trough to the upper portion of the holding tank, a convolution of said screw conveyor occupying said restriction.
4. In combination with a carbonizer furnace for producing char, including means providing a furnace housing having a free-falling char discharge, a horizontal trough for receiving free-falling char from said discharge, said trough having an open end, a holding tank having an upper end portion, the open end of the trough terminating in the upper end portion of the holding tank, whereby char discharged from the open end of the trough falls freely into said holding tank, conveyor means for feeding char through said trough to said tank, means for spraying water on said char as the latter falls freely into said trough, and means for spraying water onto the char as the latter falls freely into the holding tank from the trough.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00350771A US3839157A (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | Water spray over transfer mechanism for cooling chars |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00350771A US3839157A (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | Water spray over transfer mechanism for cooling chars |
Publications (1)
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US3839157A true US3839157A (en) | 1974-10-01 |
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US00350771A Expired - Lifetime US3839157A (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | Water spray over transfer mechanism for cooling chars |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4469557A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-09-04 | Peabody Development Company | Process for calcining and carbonizing petroleum coke |
US4475986A (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1984-10-09 | Peabody Development Company | Stable activated carbon process using a moving grate stoker furnace |
US6647901B2 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-11-18 | Keystoker, Inc. | Automatic coal stoker |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1278180A (en) * | 1916-11-22 | 1918-09-10 | American Gas And Incinerator Company | Apparatus for making gas. |
US1944192A (en) * | 1930-12-26 | 1934-01-23 | Frederick Iron & Steel Company | Apparatus for producing coke and gas |
US2997427A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1961-08-22 | Mansfield Vaughn | Coke quenching method and apparatus with cool coke recycle |
US3591462A (en) * | 1968-12-12 | 1971-07-06 | Koppers Co Inc | Method and apparatus for the continuous carbonization of coal |
-
1973
- 1973-04-13 US US00350771A patent/US3839157A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1278180A (en) * | 1916-11-22 | 1918-09-10 | American Gas And Incinerator Company | Apparatus for making gas. |
US1944192A (en) * | 1930-12-26 | 1934-01-23 | Frederick Iron & Steel Company | Apparatus for producing coke and gas |
US2997427A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1961-08-22 | Mansfield Vaughn | Coke quenching method and apparatus with cool coke recycle |
US3591462A (en) * | 1968-12-12 | 1971-07-06 | Koppers Co Inc | Method and apparatus for the continuous carbonization of coal |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4469557A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-09-04 | Peabody Development Company | Process for calcining and carbonizing petroleum coke |
US4475986A (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1984-10-09 | Peabody Development Company | Stable activated carbon process using a moving grate stoker furnace |
US6647901B2 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-11-18 | Keystoker, Inc. | Automatic coal stoker |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PEABODY DEVELOPMENT COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO A CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PEABODY COAL COMPANY A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004134/0176 Effective date: 19830501 Owner name: PEABODY DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE, MISSOU Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PEABODY COAL COMPANY A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004134/0176 Effective date: 19830501 |