US3838798A - Porous tundish nozzle - Google Patents

Porous tundish nozzle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3838798A
US3838798A US00108530A US10853071A US3838798A US 3838798 A US3838798 A US 3838798A US 00108530 A US00108530 A US 00108530A US 10853071 A US10853071 A US 10853071A US 3838798 A US3838798 A US 3838798A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
annulus
bore
set forth
combination
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00108530A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
W Voss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vesuvius Crucible Co
Original Assignee
Leco Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leco Corp filed Critical Leco Corp
Priority to US00108530A priority Critical patent/US3838798A/en
Priority to ZA716010A priority patent/ZA716010B/xx
Priority to GB4258271A priority patent/GB1334914A/en
Priority to DE19712146348 priority patent/DE2146348A1/de
Priority to AU33615/71A priority patent/AU3361571A/en
Priority to IT29340/71A priority patent/IT938891B/it
Priority to CA127,158A priority patent/CA976350A/en
Priority to FR7143143A priority patent/FR2122402B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3838798A publication Critical patent/US3838798A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to VESUVIUS CRUCIBLE COMPANY reassignment VESUVIUS CRUCIBLE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LECO CORPORATION
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/58—Pouring-nozzles with gas injecting means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT References Clted A non-clogging tundish nozzle designed for the forma- UNITED STATES PATENTS tion of a gas film in the bore thereof to keep the bore 2,866,241 12/1958 Nirmaier et a] 222/DlG. 19 clean, and a preferred construction therefor, 3,253,307 5/1966 Griffiths et a1 across 222/DIG.
  • the tundish nozzle of this invention is one wherein means are provided for the generation of a blanket of an inert gas about the inside surface of the bore such that adhesion of aluminum slags is substantially whole avoided, both within the bore itself and about the discharge end thereof such that aluminum-killed steel may be poured through it at a substantially constant flow rate and in the desired steady stream. At the same time, the blanket substantially prevents nozzle erosion.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a tundish nozzle con structed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1.
  • Tundish nozzles are commonly formed of a zirconium oxide or zirconium silicate ceramic having a slight degree of porosity.
  • the invention here resides in the incorporation of a manifolding annulus concentric with the bore of the nozzle which communicates with the gas inlet.
  • the illustrated nozzle of the present invention has a rather shallow. cylindrical body 10 having a bevel 12 about the lower periphery thereof and an axial bore 14 through the center thereof.
  • a manifolding ring 16 is embedded in the body concentric with the bore l4.
  • the ring is highly porous so as to offer near zero resistance to gas flow therethrough in comparison with the material of the body.
  • the annulus should be so proportioned as to be spaced about a one-fourth inchlon its top 18 and bottom 20 plane sides from the top and bottom surfaces of the body respectively and a like distance on its internal surface from the bore 14.
  • the nozzle may have an impervious glaze 22 on all surfaces thereof other than the bore 14 itself.
  • a hole 24 is drilled into the body from the beveled surface to extend to the annulus l6 and is internally threaded to receive a gas duct 26.
  • the gas duct in turn is connected to a source of inert gas, desirably argon, diagrammatically represented as at 28.
  • a second bore 30 may likewise extend from the bevel to the annulus at a point spaced from the bore 24 to which is connected a pressure gauge 32 to monitor the condition of pressure within the annulus 16.
  • the nozzle is shown mounted in the bottom aperture 34 of a tundish 36, the aperture having a lower inward slope 38 thereabout to conform to the bevel 12 to support the nozzle.
  • the exact shape of the nozzle and the means by which it is supported within a tundish may vary widely.
  • the features of significance and of pertinence to this invention are the bore 14, the annulus 16 closely surrounding the bore, and the means for supplying inert gas under pressure to the annulus.
  • the composition of the body of the mozzle is a zircon ceramic composed of zircon sand and milled zircon to result in an ultimate porosity of 17 to 18 per cent.
  • This composition is entirely conventional and normal for tundish nozzles and has been employed for such purposes considerably before the concept of this invention. Such composition meets all the requirements of strength and resistance to erosion and at the same time is inexpensive.
  • Other ceramics such as those based on zirconia might also be employed in this context. In any case, any ceramic having the necessary qualities of strength together with resistance to erosion and the same general order of porosity would meet the purpose.
  • the above porosity is normal to the composition, but coincidentally serves well in the context of the pres ent invention.
  • the wall of the bore or more broadly the top, bottom and inner walls of the nozzle defining the manifolding annulus should be thin in order to obtain a substantially uniform gas flow into the bore over its enitre length.
  • the top and bottom edges of the bore are obviously more remote from the annulus than the bore areas between, and to obtain a satisfactory cushion production at these extremities of the bore, such limited wall thickness is a necessity.
  • a void annulus would result in a nozzle structure which is relatively fragil both in its unfired and fired condition.
  • a useful nozzle capable of commercial production and industrial use was formed by cutting an annulus from a K-28 fire brick. A part of the standard zircon nozzle mix was introduced into a nozzle die, the fire brick annulus set in place on this portion concentric with the bore punch of the die. and the remainder of the nozzle mix added on and around the annulus. After compression, the formed nozzle was dried and fired. Thereafter, the holes 24 and 30 were bored through the nozzle ceramic into the fire brick.
  • the pouring rates from the conventional nozzle ran in a steady succession downward, 315, 217, 137, and 103 lbs. per minute consecutively.
  • a tundish furnished with two gas nozzles as described herein containing 52,000 lbs. of steel was emptied in 61 minutes into two open-ended, water cooled molds.
  • the bores would have choked with alumina deposits well before a complete emptying.
  • the tire brick annulus is not a complete success.
  • the fire brick material is soft. With the very substantial pressure of 8 to 10 tons employed in compacting the nozzle mix within the die, the fire brick would frequently crush and lose porosity in some essential areas or shift or tilt so as to lose its concentricity with the bore of the nozzle. Furthermore, the fire brick differs from the body material in its coefficient of thermal expansion. As a consequence, there has been a rupturing or flaking of the inside surface of the bore. Both lack of concentricity of the annulus and defects in the surface of the bore will lead to unequal gas flow rates from increments of the surface of the bore and the latter leads to accelerated erosion.
  • a ceramic has been developed to meet the above difficulties of the fire brick annulus. While having a porosity of 60 per cent, it nevertheless is strong enough to withstand the compacting pressure referred to above, and it has a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially identical with that of the zircon body. The strength of the nozzle with the included annulus is substantially that of a nozzle without it.
  • composition from which the annulus is made, by weight is as follows:
  • the illustrated glaze is optional to a degree.
  • the glaze prevents the loss of gas to any surface other than the bore surface, but the resistance to gas flow increases sufficiently with the thickness of the zircon to be traversed such that the loss of gas through surfaces other than the bore surface would be very slight.
  • the desirability of the glaze might well depend on the comparative thickness of the body portion between the annulus and the bore and the body thickness elsewhere. As they approach equality, the more desirable a glaze might be. This, in turn, will depend, in part, at least, on the tundish aperture into which the nozzle will seat.
  • a ceramic article for pouring of molten metal therefrom comprising a homogeneous unitary ceramic body of uniform limited porosity having a bore therethrough defining the pouring passage for said metal, a porous ceramic annulus enclosed within said body to be concentric with and spaced from said bore, said annulus having insignificant resistance to the flow of a gas relative to the resistance of said body, and a passage be tween said annulus and the exterior surface of said body for delivering gas under pressure to said annulus for diffusion through said body to the surface forming said bore.
  • annulus is comprised of a material having a porosity on the order of 60 per cent.
  • a ceramic article providing a passage for the pouring of molten metal from a vessel comprising a homogeneous ceramic body of limited porosity having a bore therethrough, said bore defining the pouring pas sage for said metal, a porous ceramic annulus embedded in said body concentric with and radially spaced from said bore having insignificant resistance to the flow of a gas relative to the resistance of said body from whence gas under pressure will diffuse through said body to substantially the entire surface defining said bore, and means-for delivering gas under pressure to said annulus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US00108530A 1971-01-21 1971-01-21 Porous tundish nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3838798A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00108530A US3838798A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-01-21 Porous tundish nozzle
ZA716010A ZA716010B (en) 1971-01-21 1971-09-08 Tundish nozzle
DE19712146348 DE2146348A1 (de) 1971-01-21 1971-09-13 Tiegeldüse
GB4258271A GB1334914A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-09-13 Tundish nozzle
AU33615/71A AU3361571A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-09-17 Tundish nozzle
IT29340/71A IT938891B (it) 1971-01-21 1971-09-30 Ugello di siviera
CA127,158A CA976350A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-11-08 Tundish nozzle
FR7143143A FR2122402B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) 1971-01-21 1971-12-01

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00108530A US3838798A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-01-21 Porous tundish nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3838798A true US3838798A (en) 1974-10-01

Family

ID=22322736

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00108530A Expired - Lifetime US3838798A (en) 1971-01-21 1971-01-21 Porous tundish nozzle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3838798A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
AU (1) AU3361571A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
CA (1) CA976350A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
DE (1) DE2146348A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
FR (1) FR2122402B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
GB (1) GB1334914A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
IT (1) IT938891B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
ZA (1) ZA716010B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003561A (en) * 1973-11-23 1977-01-18 United States Steel Corporation Pouring of metals
US4108339A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-08-22 Leco Corporation Integral nozzle with gas delivery manifold
US4353484A (en) * 1980-03-11 1982-10-12 Crawford Iii Russell C Coffee filter with flow diverter
US4365731A (en) * 1977-01-27 1982-12-28 Didier-Werke, A.G. Refractory structures
US4527718A (en) * 1981-12-04 1985-07-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus for shielding molten metal during teeming
US4583721A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-04-22 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4590988A (en) * 1983-09-26 1986-05-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for supplying molten metal in the manufacture of amorphous metal ribbons
DE3512907A1 (de) * 1985-04-11 1986-10-16 Stopinc Ag, Baar Ausgusshuelse fuer einen metalschmelze enthaltenden behaelter
US4632283A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-12-30 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4687034A (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-08-18 Shell Oil Company Controlled release insert for a diesel fuel supply nozzle and method of adding a petroleum substrate over said insert
US4721236A (en) * 1984-02-25 1988-01-26 Didier-Werke Ag Apparatus for minimizing wear on refractory parts for valve closures
US4756452A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-07-12 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Molten metal pouring nozzle
DE3714680A1 (de) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-17 Didier Werke Ag Feuerfeste verschleissteile fuer ausgussverschluesse
FR2627715A1 (fr) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-01 Vesuvius Sa Busette de coulee pour ouverture assistee, dispositif l'incorporant et procede de mise en oeuvre
US5613545A (en) * 1991-11-12 1997-03-25 Shinagawa Refractories Co. Ltd. Inert gas injecting plate brick or insert nozzle brick for use in a sliding gate valve apparatus of molten metal
US5670075A (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-09-23 Usx Corporation Sealing gas delivery system for sliding joints
US5676195A (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-10-14 Usx Corporation Method of and apparatus for limiting ingress of gas to incipient continuous cast slabs

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR61761B (en) * 1975-11-12 1979-01-09 Linde Ag Casting plant
SE7809596L (sv) * 1977-09-13 1979-03-14 British Steel Corp Sett och apparat for att skydda en smelt metallstrom fran den omgivande atmosferen
JPS54158331A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-14 Aikoh Co Tundish for continuous steel casting
DE3506426C1 (de) * 1985-02-23 1985-11-28 Stopinc Ag, Baar Verfahren zum Abgiessen von Metallschmelze aus einem ein Absperrorgan aufweisenden Behaelter
RU2410191C2 (ru) * 2008-06-09 2011-01-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "СПЕЦМАСОПТТОРГ" Устройство защиты струи металла от окисления при разливке

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1146218A (fr) * 1955-09-19 1957-11-07 Patentverwertung Ag Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces coulées
US2866241A (en) * 1955-10-20 1958-12-30 United States Steel Corp Nozzle for teeming vessel
US3253307A (en) * 1964-03-19 1966-05-31 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for regulating molten metal teeming rates
US3330645A (en) * 1962-08-07 1967-07-11 Air Liquide Method and article for the injection of fluids into hot molten metal
US3373986A (en) * 1964-06-18 1968-03-19 Air Liquide Metallurgical vessel with safety device
US3472432A (en) * 1968-03-28 1969-10-14 Vesuvius Crucible Co Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle
US3490755A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-01-20 Air Liquide High-temperature device for the injection of fluids

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2012691B2 (de) * 1969-03-24 1977-08-04 The Steel Company of Canada Ltd, Hamilton, Ontario (Kanada) Anwendung eines verfahrens zum vergiessen von eisenmetallen auf das vergiessen aluminiumberuhigter staehle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1146218A (fr) * 1955-09-19 1957-11-07 Patentverwertung Ag Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces coulées
US2866241A (en) * 1955-10-20 1958-12-30 United States Steel Corp Nozzle for teeming vessel
US3330645A (en) * 1962-08-07 1967-07-11 Air Liquide Method and article for the injection of fluids into hot molten metal
US3253307A (en) * 1964-03-19 1966-05-31 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for regulating molten metal teeming rates
US3373986A (en) * 1964-06-18 1968-03-19 Air Liquide Metallurgical vessel with safety device
US3490755A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-01-20 Air Liquide High-temperature device for the injection of fluids
US3472432A (en) * 1968-03-28 1969-10-14 Vesuvius Crucible Co Coated stopper head for controlling outflow of molten metal through the nozzle of a bottom pour receptacle

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003561A (en) * 1973-11-23 1977-01-18 United States Steel Corporation Pouring of metals
US4108339A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-08-22 Leco Corporation Integral nozzle with gas delivery manifold
US4365731A (en) * 1977-01-27 1982-12-28 Didier-Werke, A.G. Refractory structures
US4353484A (en) * 1980-03-11 1982-10-12 Crawford Iii Russell C Coffee filter with flow diverter
US4527718A (en) * 1981-12-04 1985-07-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus for shielding molten metal during teeming
US4590988A (en) * 1983-09-26 1986-05-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for supplying molten metal in the manufacture of amorphous metal ribbons
US4583721A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-04-22 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4632283A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-12-30 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4721236A (en) * 1984-02-25 1988-01-26 Didier-Werke Ag Apparatus for minimizing wear on refractory parts for valve closures
US4708327A (en) * 1985-04-11 1987-11-24 Stopinc Aktiengesellschaft Discharge nozzle assembly and methods of formation and operation thereof
DE3512907A1 (de) * 1985-04-11 1986-10-16 Stopinc Ag, Baar Ausgusshuelse fuer einen metalschmelze enthaltenden behaelter
US4687034A (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-08-18 Shell Oil Company Controlled release insert for a diesel fuel supply nozzle and method of adding a petroleum substrate over said insert
US4756452A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-07-12 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Molten metal pouring nozzle
DE3714680A1 (de) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-17 Didier Werke Ag Feuerfeste verschleissteile fuer ausgussverschluesse
US4789086A (en) * 1987-05-02 1988-12-06 Didier-Werke Ag Refractory wear parts for sliding closure units
FR2627715A1 (fr) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-01 Vesuvius Sa Busette de coulee pour ouverture assistee, dispositif l'incorporant et procede de mise en oeuvre
EP0332483A1 (fr) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-13 Vesuvius France S.A. Busette de coulée pour ouverture assistée,dispositif l'incorporant et procédeé de mise en oeuvre
US5613545A (en) * 1991-11-12 1997-03-25 Shinagawa Refractories Co. Ltd. Inert gas injecting plate brick or insert nozzle brick for use in a sliding gate valve apparatus of molten metal
US5676195A (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-10-14 Usx Corporation Method of and apparatus for limiting ingress of gas to incipient continuous cast slabs
US5670075A (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-09-23 Usx Corporation Sealing gas delivery system for sliding joints

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2122402A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) 1972-09-01
CA976350A (en) 1975-10-21
GB1334914A (en) 1973-10-24
ZA716010B (en) 1972-05-31
IT938891B (it) 1973-02-10
AU3361571A (en) 1973-03-22
FR2122402B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) 1975-08-29
DE2146348A1 (de) 1972-08-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3838798A (en) Porous tundish nozzle
JP2646022B2 (ja) 冶金用容器のための浸漬形注湯ノズル
GB1575601A (en) Refractory structures for outlet valves for metallurgical vessels
US4401243A (en) Charging a mold for continuous casting
US4756452A (en) Molten metal pouring nozzle
CN207857846U (zh) 一种中间包上水口
US4108339A (en) Integral nozzle with gas delivery manifold
GB2200311A (en) Molten metal discharging device
EP0370095A1 (en) PAN PROTECTION PIPE WITH A COMPRESSIBLE GAS PERMEABLE RING.
GB1585906A (en) Castlellated tundish nozzle
GB2157210A (en) Refractory immersion nozzles
US3196504A (en) Cast nozzle inserts
US3336970A (en) Methods of casting
US4205716A (en) Continuous casting process and apparatus for production of metallic hollow ingot
US5156801A (en) Low porosity-high density radial burst refractory plug with constant flow
US3245126A (en) Introducing hydrogen gas to the meniscus for continuously casting steel
JPS623796B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
JPS59147769A (ja) 複合鋳物の製造方法
US4789086A (en) Refractory wear parts for sliding closure units
JP3803740B2 (ja) ガス吹き込み用耐火物の製造方法
US3477682A (en) Ingot mold with hot top and refractory lining for inducing progressive axial solidification
US2846741A (en) Hot top
JPS583467B2 (ja) チユウクウシツオユウスルチヨウジヤクチユウゾウヨウノズルノ セイゾウホウ
GB2105634A (en) Improvements relating to the manufacture of refractory cementitious articles
US3513903A (en) Apparatus for casting ingots

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: VESUVIUS CRUCIBLE COMPANY, DELAWARE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LECO CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007149/0972

Effective date: 19931230