US3837886A - Process for producing photographic materials - Google Patents
Process for producing photographic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3837886A US3837886A US00142815A US14281571A US3837886A US 3837886 A US3837886 A US 3837886A US 00142815 A US00142815 A US 00142815A US 14281571 A US14281571 A US 14281571A US 3837886 A US3837886 A US 3837886A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- polystyrene film
- electrodeless discharge
- polystyrene
- discharge treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000004 White lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene carboxamide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 silver halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001053 orange pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
- G03C1/915—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means using mechanical or physical means therefor, e.g. corona
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
Definitions
- baryta paper consisting of paper made from pulp and a coating composed of a kneaded mixture of fine powders of barium sulfate, a small amount of a binder, such as gelatin, and water has been used as a support for a photographic material, such as photographic paper or diffusion transfer process photographic paper.
- a photographic material such as photographic paper or diffusion transfer process photographic paper.
- Such support exhibits certain defects, such as shrinkage or expansion with humidity changes, and especially shrinkage after development, prolonged drying time after development, and low resistance to water.
- a process for producing a photographic material which comprises contacting a biaxially drawn, surfaceroughened polystyrene film with an active gas generated by a high frequency electrodeless discharge under reduced pressure or in a stream of helium or oxygen under reduced pressure, and thereafter coating an emulsion or suspension containing gelatin as a binder on the polystyrene film so treated.
- the emulsion or suspension containing gelatin as a binder used in the invention is meant an aqueous emulsion or suspension of gelatin prepared by adding silver halides, such as silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide or silver iodobromide, photosensitive diazo compounds or a substance which becomes the nucleus of development of an image-receiving material used in the silver halide diffusion transfer photography, with or without other ingredients.
- silver halides such as silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide or silver iodobromide, photosensitive diazo compounds or a substance which becomes the nucleus of development of an image-receiving material used in the silver halide diffusion transfer photography, with or without other ingredients.
- the biaxially drawn, surface-roughened polystyrene film used in the present invention is obtained by biaxially drawing a film of a polystyrene resin in a conventional manner and subjecting the drawn film to various surface-roughening treatments.
- the biaxial drawing may be effected simultaneously or in two stages.
- the roughening of the surface of the drawn polystyrene film is effected, for example, by contacting the drawn film with an organic solvent which dissolves or swells the polystyrene resin, such as tetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl chloride, ethylene chloride, cyclohexane, benzene, and dimethylformamide either alone or in admixture, and then contacting the treated film with water or with an organic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, which does not dissolve the polystyrene resin and is miscible with the organic solvent used in the aforementioned swelling treatment.
- an organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol
- the contacting of the film with the solvent is accomplished specifically by immersing the film in the organic solvent, coating the organic solvent on the film by means of a roller coater or brush, or spraying the organic solvent onto the film bymeans of a sprayer.
- the surface-toughening may also be effected by mechanically rubbing the surface of the film; or incorporating a blowing agent which will evolve a gas by heat into the film in advance thus rendering the entire film cloudy white; or forming a mixture of polystyrene and another material into a film, and then dissolving out the other material selectively from the film. Any of these surfaceroughening methods will be applicable to the process of the present invention.
- the polystyrene resin may contain white pigments, such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, lithopone, alumina white, calcium carbonate, silica white, laolin, white lead, barite powder, flowers of zinc, talc, aluminum hydroxide and limestone.
- white pigments such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, lithopone, alumina white, calcium carbonate, silica white, laolin, white lead, barite powder, flowers of zinc, talc, aluminum hydroxide and limestone.
- colored pigments may also be incorporated in the polystyrene resin.
- yellow pigments such as chrome yellow and cadmium yellow, various red, orange or blue pigments and mixtures thereof. All of these are well known to those skilled in the art. Whitening or opacification of the film by such methods enables a photographic material produced from this resin to provide an effective picture.
- the polystyrene resin is exceptionally superior in water resistance, dimensional stability, and rigidity.
- Films of polystyrene which have been subjected to the aforementioned treatment have excellent whiteness and translucence, and thus are suitable as supports for photographic materials.
- such films are hydrophobic and chemically inert, and therefore, a difficulty arises in that when a hydrophilic, gelatincontaining emulsion is coated on the surface of the film, the coated film does not adhere firmly to the polystyrene support.
- the polystyrene film whose surface has been roughened by the methods described is contacted with the active atoms or molecules of a gas generated by a high frequency electrodeless discharge under reduced pressure or in a stream of an inert gas or oxygen under reduced pressure.
- the high frequency electrodeless discharge in the present invention is performed by placing the film to be treated in a discharge tube, maintaining the tube under a vacuum of 0.1 mm Hg or less, inducing discharge at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and maintaining this state; or after the initiation of discharge, introducing oxygen or helium at a flow rate of I00 cc/min. or less, and continuing the discharge.
- This type of discharge is well known as shown by U.S. Pat. No.
- a transparent polystyrene film which has not been subjected to such surface-roughened treatment will have a reduced angle of contact of 5 to 30 when subjected to the aforementioned electrodeless discharge, and it will be seen that its surface has been rendered hydrophilic to some extent.
- the cohesion and destruction strength at this time fully meets the bond strength required between the surface of a support of a photographic material and a coating such as a photographic emulsion layer or an image-receiving layer.
- the bond strength between the support and the coating of the gelatincontaining emulsion obtained above is not reduced even after a long lapse of time.
- the atmosphere in which the electrodeless discharge treatment of the present invention is performed does not affect the adhesion between the film support and the coating whether it is air under reduced pressure, a stream of an inert gas, or a stream of oxygen.
- the bond strength between a surface-roughened, biaxially drawn polystyrene film support and a coating of a gelatin-containing emulsion or suspension becomes larger than the cohesion and destruction strength of the support itself merely by exposing the film for several seconds to an atmosphere of active gas generated by excitation due to the electrodeless discharge. Satisfactory results are thus obtained.
- Adhesion Test in Dry Condition A sample is prepared by coating an emulsion containing gelatin as a binder on a support of polystyrene film. A 0.14 mm thick cellulose triacetate film is adhered to the coated surface of the sample using an epoxy resin adhesive. This sample is then left to stand for one day at 23C. and a relative humidity of percent. Thereafter, the sample is cut into a rectangular shape having a width of 1 cm and a length of 15 cm. The cellulose triacetate film is peeled off at a pulling rate of 7.38 cm/min. The peel strength is measured by means of a strain gauge. Where the Examples state that the adhesion is good," it means that the sample has a peel strength of 8 g/mm or more which is a bond strength sufficient for use as a photographic material.
- EXAMPLE 1 A O. 1 mm thick biaxially drawn polystyrene film support was immersed for 3 seconds in a solvent consisting of 7 parts of ethyl acetate and 1 part of ethanol, and then for 30 seconds in methanol to render the film whitely translucent. The film whose surface had thus been roughened when subjected to a discharge treatment in a stream of helium using a high frequency electrodeless discharge device (LTA type low temperature asher apparatus made by Tracerlab, U.S.A.). For comparison, a transparent polystyrene film whose surface had not been roughened in any way was subjected to the discharge treatment under the same conditions.
- a high frequency electrodeless discharge device LTA type low temperature asher apparatus made by Tracerlab, U.S.A.
- EXAMPLE 2 Pressure 10 mmHg Flow rate of oxygen 10 cc/min. Output 50 W Frequency 13.56 MHz Discharge treatment time 10. 30 and 60 seconds An aqueous gelatin solution of the following formulation was coated on the treated film as an undercoat.
- Formalin (20% aqueous solution 4 cc.
- a silver halide photographic emulsion of the same formulation as set forth in Example 1 was coated on top of the undercoat.
- Each of the resulting photographic materials exhibited good bond strength of 3.5 g/mm or more in a wet condition and 20 g/mm or more in a dry condition.
- the adhesion obtained between the film and the coatings was extremely good.
- EXAMPLE 3 A 0.2 mm thick biaxially drawn polystyrene film was immersed in a solvent consisting of 1 part of acetone and 1 part of methyl ethyl ketone for 3 seconds, and then in methanol for 30 seconds to form a white translucent polystyrene film having a microporous surface layer (surface-roughened). The surface-roughened film was subjected to the high frequency electrodeless discharge treatment under the same conditions as set forth in Example 2. Thereafter, a coating solution for forming an image-receiving layer in the silver salt diffusion transfer process was coated on the polystyrene film so treated.
- the coating solution had the following formulation:
- said organic solvent is a member selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl chloride, ethylene chloride, cyclohexane. benzene and dimethylformamide and mixtures of same.
- said white pigment is a member selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate. lithopone, alumina white, calcium carbonate, silica white, laolin. white lead, barite powder, flowers of zinc, talc, aluminum hydroxide and lime-
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP45041358A JPS4932135B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-05-15 | 1970-05-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3837886A true US3837886A (en) | 1974-09-24 |
Family
ID=12606255
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00142815A Expired - Lifetime US3837886A (en) | 1970-05-15 | 1971-05-12 | Process for producing photographic materials |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3837886A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS4932135B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA971128A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2123785A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2091561A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1315244A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL7106652A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976817A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1976-08-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of preparing diffusion transfer image-receiving materials |
| US4009037A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1977-02-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Coated synthetic film materials |
| US4113918A (en) * | 1972-03-03 | 1978-09-12 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Undercoat-applied plastic films |
| US5425980A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Use of glow discharge treatment to promote adhesion of aqueous coats to substrate |
| EP0699954A2 (en) | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near atmospheric pressure treatment of polymers using helium discharges |
| US5618659A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1997-04-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element containing a nitrogen glow-discharge treated polyester substrate |
| EP0790525A2 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of polymeric supports to promote adhesion for photographic applications |
| US5718995A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-02-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite support for an imaging element, and imaging element comprising such composite support |
| US5726001A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite support for imaging elements comprising an electrically-conductive layer and polyurethane adhesion promoting layer on an energetic surface-treated polymeric film |
| US5789145A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-08-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of base material for photographic applications |
| US20140348586A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2014-11-27 | Heatwurx, Inc. | System and method for controlling an asphalt repair apparatus |
| US9416499B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2016-08-16 | Heatwurx, Inc. | System and method for sensing and managing pothole location and pothole characteristics |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS564900B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-03-01 | 1981-02-02 | ||
| EP0208618A3 (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-06-24 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | A mesh and printing screen for screen printing and a method for the preparation thereof |
| EP0220121A3 (en) * | 1985-10-14 | 1987-07-01 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | A method for the preparation of a screen mesh for screen printing |
| CN112852295B (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-05-06 | 几何智慧城市科技(广州)有限公司 | 液晶显示屏易洁净涂层剂的制备方法、储存方法及其应用 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3697305A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1972-10-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method for producing a photographic element |
-
1970
- 1970-05-15 JP JP45041358A patent/JPS4932135B1/ja active Pending
-
1971
- 1971-05-12 US US00142815A patent/US3837886A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-05-13 DE DE19712123785 patent/DE2123785A1/de active Pending
- 1971-05-13 FR FR7117332A patent/FR2091561A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-05-14 CA CA112,981A patent/CA971128A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-14 NL NL7106652A patent/NL7106652A/xx unknown
- 1971-05-14 GB GB1506871*[A patent/GB1315244A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3697305A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1972-10-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method for producing a photographic element |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976817A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1976-08-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of preparing diffusion transfer image-receiving materials |
| US4113918A (en) * | 1972-03-03 | 1978-09-12 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Undercoat-applied plastic films |
| US4009037A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1977-02-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Coated synthetic film materials |
| US5576164A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-11-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element having a polyester substrate with an oxygen modified surface region |
| US5425980A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Use of glow discharge treatment to promote adhesion of aqueous coats to substrate |
| US5538841A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-07-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Use of glow discharge treatment to promote adhesion of aqueous coatings to substrate |
| US5582921A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Use of glow discharge treatment to promote adhesion of aqueous coatings to substrate |
| EP0699954A2 (en) | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near atmospheric pressure treatment of polymers using helium discharges |
| US5558843A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-09-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near atmospheric pressure treatment of polymers using helium discharges |
| US5767469A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1998-06-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near atmospheric pressure treatment of polymers using helium discharges |
| US5618659A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1997-04-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element containing a nitrogen glow-discharge treated polyester substrate |
| EP0790525A2 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of polymeric supports to promote adhesion for photographic applications |
| US5714308A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1998-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of polymeric supports to promote adhesion for photographic applications |
| US5718995A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-02-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite support for an imaging element, and imaging element comprising such composite support |
| US5726001A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite support for imaging elements comprising an electrically-conductive layer and polyurethane adhesion promoting layer on an energetic surface-treated polymeric film |
| US5789145A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-08-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of base material for photographic applications |
| US20140348586A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2014-11-27 | Heatwurx, Inc. | System and method for controlling an asphalt repair apparatus |
| US9022686B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2015-05-05 | Heatwurx, Inc. | System and method for controlling an asphalt repair apparatus |
| US9416499B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2016-08-16 | Heatwurx, Inc. | System and method for sensing and managing pothole location and pothole characteristics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2091561A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-01-14 |
| DE2123785A1 (de) | 1971-11-18 |
| JPS4932135B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-08-28 |
| NL7106652A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-11-17 |
| GB1315244A (en) | 1973-05-02 |
| CA971128A (en) | 1975-07-15 |
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