US3836780A - Device for spark discharge chamber employing segmented cathode - Google Patents

Device for spark discharge chamber employing segmented cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836780A
US3836780A US00218385A US21838572A US3836780A US 3836780 A US3836780 A US 3836780A US 00218385 A US00218385 A US 00218385A US 21838572 A US21838572 A US 21838572A US 3836780 A US3836780 A US 3836780A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
auxiliary electrode
discharge chamber
spark discharge
sections
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00218385A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Amqvist
F Timmer
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Linde Sverige AB
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AGA AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/10—Spark counters

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A spark discharge chamber for detailed study of gamma and beta radiation comprising a plane cathode, a lattice-shaped auxiliary electrode and an anode, said cathode being divided into at least two cathode sections which are electrically insulatable from one another.
  • PAIENIEDSEP 1 71974 SHEEI 3 UF 3 OOOOOOOOOOOOIO OOOOOOOOOO COUNT PULSE GENERATOR DEVICE FOR SPARK DISCHARGE CHAMBER EMPLOYING SEGMENTED CATHODE
  • the invention relates to a device for spark discharge chambers to permit a detailed study of beta or gamma radiation.
  • the radiation incident on the cathode gives rise to an electron cloud which accelerates, in the direction towards the anode.
  • the electron cloud has penetrated into the spark gap between the auxiliary electrode and the anode, this gives rise to visible sparks at the anode.
  • the spark density provides a representation of the flux density in the radiation entering the cathode and this picturecan thereafter be reproduced digitally for study of the original radiation.
  • a tumor may be benign (cold) or malignant (warm), i.e., contain dead tissue or tissue which grows more quickly than normal tissue. In both cases the tumor tissue yields a flux density of radiation which differs from the flux density for normal tissue and the tumor can therefore be detected.
  • a further example of a case in which there is a special interest in studying only a part of the radiation emitted from a dissected organ is the study of symmetrical organs.
  • the object of the present invention accordingly, is to permit a detailed study of gamma or beta radiation, the spark discharge chamber comprising a plane cathode, a lattice-shaped auxiliary electrode and an anode, and the invention is chiefly characterized in that the cathode is divided into at least two cathodes electrically insulatable from one another.
  • the cathode sections can, as described below in conjunction with the attached drawings, be given an arbitrary form and size. They may thus consist of several squares or rectangles with parallel longitudinal bands, concentric circular rings, and so on.
  • the cathode sections are arranged to be electrically connected to a voltage source via a sliding contact, multipole switch or the like. This provides the means of successively studying one part after another of the radiation. The results of the study of these various parts can thereafter be combined, so yielding a complete picture with a precision of detail which is dependent on the number of parts into which the cathode is divided.
  • the parts of this radiation which are of special interest can then be studied in greater detail, and purely numerical results can be obtained from such parts by giving-only one or some of the cathode sections the same potential as or a negative potential in relation to the auxiliary electrode, while othercathode sections are given a positive potential.
  • FIG. 1 shows three cathodes divided in different ways
  • FIG. 2 a spark chamber with associated cathode divided into a circular cathode section and an annular cathode section surrounding the latter,
  • FIG. 3 an extra electrode in the plane of the cathode, surrounding all cathode sections,
  • FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of the connection of the cathode sections to a voltage source
  • FIG. 5. a schematic diagram of a coupling for counting of sparks over different parts of a divided cathode in a spark chamber. 7
  • FIG. la shows how a cathode according to the invention can be divided into a number of parallel bands 1 separated by insulating portions 2.
  • FIG. 1b the cathode is instead divided into several small square sections 1, and FIG. 10 shows another possibility of dividing the cathode.
  • FIG. 2 shows a spark chamber comprising a cathode 4,6, an auxiliary electrode 3, and an anode 5.
  • the cathode is divided into two parts, a central circular portion 6 and an annular portion 4 surrounding the latter.
  • the central portion 6 of the cathode is given a negative potential in relation to the auxiliary electrode or may be kept at the same potential as the latter.
  • the potential on the anodes should amount to about 3,000-4,000 V in relation to the auxiliary electrode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a part of a device for elimination of this interference effect.
  • the cathode 4 is here surrounded by an extra electrode 7 situated on the plane of the cathode and held to a positive voltage, preferably 10-50 V in relation to the auxiliary electrode.
  • This electrode results in the fact that no electrons are generated in the critical zone adjoining the electrode separation ring, so that no interference discharges can arise within this zone.
  • FIG. 4 shows an appropriate device for connection of the cathode sections 9 to a voltage source.
  • One of the cathode section terminations is connected across resistor R to one pole of a voltage source, while the other pole of the voltage source is connected to a sliding contact 10. With this sliding contact the cathode sections 9 can be successively connected to the voltage source for study of different parts of the radiation.
  • the cathode in the spark chamber is divided into two semicircular parts 11, 12.
  • a switch 18 one of these two parts l1, 12 can be given the same potential as the auxiliary electrode, while the other part of the cathode can at the same time be given a positive potential.
  • the switch 18 is mechanically connected to another switch 17, which connects one of two counters l3, 14 for counting of the sparks at the anode over the cathode section 11, which is temporarily at the same potential as the auxiliary electrode.
  • a spark discharge chamber for a detailed study of nuclear radiation, such as beta or gamma radiation, comprising a planar cathode, a reticulate anode and a reticulate auxiliary electrode
  • the cathode comprises a plurality of separate, mutually insulated sections and means are provided for connecting predetermined sections of the cathode to a potential source which is positive in relation to the auxiliary electrode and for connecting other sections of the cathode to a potential source which is not positive in relation to the auxiliary electrode.
  • a spark discharge chamber further comprising a further electrode located in the plane of the cathode and means for connecting said further electrode to a potential source which is positive in relation to the auxiliary electrode.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US00218385A 1971-01-29 1972-01-17 Device for spark discharge chamber employing segmented cathode Expired - Lifetime US3836780A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE01119/71A SE354725B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-01-29 1971-01-29

Publications (1)

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US3836780A true US3836780A (en) 1974-09-17

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US00218385A Expired - Lifetime US3836780A (en) 1971-01-29 1972-01-17 Device for spark discharge chamber employing segmented cathode

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Country Link
US (1) US3836780A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2203243A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2123318B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1382058A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT946843B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE354725B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047040A (en) * 1976-05-06 1977-09-06 General Electric Company Gridded ionization chamber
US4206355A (en) * 1975-02-07 1980-06-03 C.G.R. Mev System for monitoring the position intensity uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3622787A (en) * 1968-05-30 1971-11-23 Aga Ab Device for making visible and/or registering {65 -quanta densities or two-dimensional {62 -particle density distributions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3622787A (en) * 1968-05-30 1971-11-23 Aga Ab Device for making visible and/or registering {65 -quanta densities or two-dimensional {62 -particle density distributions

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206355A (en) * 1975-02-07 1980-06-03 C.G.R. Mev System for monitoring the position intensity uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation
US4047040A (en) * 1976-05-06 1977-09-06 General Electric Company Gridded ionization chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1382058A (en) 1975-01-29
SE354725B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-19
FR2123318A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-08
IT946843B (it) 1973-05-21
FR2123318B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-14
DE2203243A1 (de) 1972-08-10

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