US3834624A - Apparatus for fluidizing powders - Google Patents

Apparatus for fluidizing powders Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3834624A
US3834624A US00374014A US37401473A US3834624A US 3834624 A US3834624 A US 3834624A US 00374014 A US00374014 A US 00374014A US 37401473 A US37401473 A US 37401473A US 3834624 A US3834624 A US 3834624A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
feed unit
vessel
nozzle
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00374014A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J Novosad
V Bazant
V Smid
R Majzlik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Original Assignee
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Czech Academy of Sciences CAS filed Critical Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3834624A publication Critical patent/US3834624A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas

Definitions

  • the apparatus comprises avertical vessel provided with a rotating gas-feed unit for maintaining powders in a fluidized state.
  • the rotating gas-feed unit is provided above the bottom of the vessel with at least one tube extension terminating in a nozzle.
  • the gas-feed unit may contain a plurality of tube extensions with nozzles, the tube extensions having different lengths and being bent in such a way, that the longitudinal axis of the nozzles forms an angle of 0 90 with respect to a radial direction passing through the nozzle opening in the direction of nozzle rotation and an angle of 0 45 in the same plane in the direction towards the bottom of the vessel.
  • the vessel can be provided by several gas-feed units to which mixer blades may be attached.
  • the subject of the invention is an apparatus for bringing powders into a state of fluidization.
  • the invention is especially concerned with apparatus for introducing gases into fluidized beds of cohesive powders.
  • Prior Art Fluidized bed processes have gained great importance in modern technologies. They are base on the ability of a gas stream to suspend solid particles in the gas stream. A great advantage of these processes is the great contact area between the gas and the surface of the solid particle.
  • the present invention has among its objects the provision of an apparatus for introducing gases into fluidized beds which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and especially an apparatus wherein there are not formed in the treated material cavities or channels through which gas can flow without coming into contact with the treated material.
  • an apparatus for fluidizing powders which comprises a vertical vessel provided by at least one gas inlet and if need be also by a mixer, equipment for heat supply and heat removal, and an inlet and discharge opening for powder.
  • the invention includes a gas-feed unit which is used either singly or in multiple.
  • Each gas-feed unit which is independently rotatably mounted in bearings in the bottom of the vessel and connected to a driving means is provided with tll least one channel for gas flow independently connected to a source of gas and provided by at least one tube extension with a nozzle.
  • the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in the direction of its rotation forms with the radial direction passing through the nozzles opening the angle ,8 in the range 0 to 1 180, conveniently 0 to and the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in the direction of the bottom of the vessel forms with respect to the radial direction passing through the nozzle opening the angle a in the range 0 to i 60, conveniently O to 45, the distances between nozzle openings and the axis of rotation in every gas feed unit in a given vessel being different.
  • the vessel can be provided by at least two gas-feed units, at least one gas-feed unit can be provided by at least two channels for gas through-flow independently connected to sources of gas, and every channel-for gas through-flow may be provided by, for example, three tube extensions with nozzles.
  • a mixer can be attached to the gas-feed unit.
  • Powders having a considerable cohesion can be fluidized by the above described device.
  • the described design enables gas to be introduced into the powder by a relatively small number of streams with high kinetic energy; this prevents the formation of structural domes in the cohesive powder.
  • the walls of the domes which may start to form are disrupted by the revolving gas stream so that they break apart and the resulting falling powder is mixed by the penetrating gas stream.
  • the slope of the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in the direction of rotation and towards the bottom of the vessel causes the rotating movement of the nozzle to provide the gas streaming from the nozzle with additional kinetic energy and so the gas stream can penetrate into the powder over a greater radial distance from the axis of the gas-feed unit and thus can aerate and mix a greater volume of material.
  • This invention can be utilized in may cases when classical methods of fluidization fail. It can be used for the fluidization of particulate solids containing a larger proportion of particles with particle sizes under microns which have a considerable cohesion. Such processes are particularly efficient because such fine materials have an exceptionally large specific surface. It insures that no opening in the gas distributing device becomes clogged.
  • a particulate solid can be fluidized by a limited amount of gas when the linear velocity of the gas is just over or even just under the incipient fluidization velocity. The mixing effect of the revolving gas streams and of mixer blades, when such blades are attached to the rotating nozzles, aids in keeping the material in movement.
  • the method and device according to this invention can, however, be utilized even in cases when the particulate solid can be fluidized by normal non-movable grids, since fixed grids for fluidized beds of a large cross-section can be more expensive than the device according to this invention to fit the same area.
  • a typical example of the utilization of the invention is for reactors for the direct synthesis of methylor phenyl-chlorosilanes from silicon and methylchloride or silicon and chlorobenzene.
  • the reason is that it is very advantageous to conduct this synthesis with very small particles of silicon, most conveniently with particles in the size range under 60 microns, because then high conversions can be obtained and only a small amount of unreacted methylchloride or chlorobenzene has to be recirculated.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in vertical section through a rotary gas-feed unit independently fitted in bearings at the bottom of a vessel;
  • FIG. 2 is a view in plan of a non-symmetrical system of nozzles according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section through a gas-feed unit to which a mixer is attached.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in plan of the unit of FIG. 3.
  • a gas-feed unit 2 is mounted in the bottom 1 of a vertical vessel in such a way that the axis of the gas-feed unit is perpendicular to the bottom of the vessel.
  • the gas-feed unit 2 is journalled in an upper bearing 3 and a lower bearing 3, and is provided with two parallel longitudinal passages 4, 4 for gas through-flow.
  • At unequal distances from the bottom 1 of the vessel passages 4, 4' bend at right angles and are connected to sources of gas under pressure by means of packings 8, 8' and 8".
  • the openings of the channels 4, 4' for gas through-flow are connected at right angles to tube extensions 5, 5 and these terminate in nozzles 6, 6.
  • Tube extensions 5, 5 are unequal in length and are inclined downwardly at the ends at an angle a of in a radial direction.
  • the gas-feed unit 2 is sealed in the bottom 1 of the vessel by a packing 9.
  • the gas-feed unit 2 is rotated by a prime mover such as an electric motor (not shown) which drives a pulley at the bottom of the unit 2 through a V-belt, also not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows a non-symmetrical system of two nozzles 6, 6 at the end of tube extensions 5, 5 connected to the head of the gas-feed unit 2.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 there is shown a gas-feed unit 2 journalled in bearings 3, 3' in the bottom of the vessel.
  • the gas-feed unit 2 is provided by only one channel 4 for gas through-flow through only one tube extension 5 and only one nozzle 6.
  • Mixer blades 7, 7' extending almost to the bottom of the vessel 1 are fixed to the head of the rotating gas-feed unit 2.
  • the gas-feed unit rotates clockwise; the mixer blades 7, 7 are inclined in such direction that they throw the powder upwardly.
  • Mixer blades such as those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can also be attached to the embodiments of gas-feed units shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Apparatus for fluidizing powders comprising a vertical vessel, a rotatable gas-feed unit journalled in bearings in the bottom of the vessel, means for drivingly rotating the gas-feed unit, a passage in the gasfeed unit for gas through flow independently connected to a source of gas under pressure, the gas-feed unit being provided within the vessel with a tube extension having a nozzle, the longitudinal axis of the nozzle forming an angle of from 0 to in the direction of rotation of the nozzle with respect to the radial direction passing through the nozzle opening.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the passage for gas through-flow is provided with a plurality of tube extensions with nozzles.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a mixer blade attached to the gas-feed unit and rotatable therewith.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
US00374014A 1972-06-27 1973-06-27 Apparatus for fluidizing powders Expired - Lifetime US3834624A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS4566A CS167543B1 (OSRAM) 1972-06-27 1972-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3834624A true US3834624A (en) 1974-09-10

Family

ID=5388720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00374014A Expired - Lifetime US3834624A (en) 1972-06-27 1973-06-27 Apparatus for fluidizing powders

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3834624A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS4964565A (OSRAM)
CS (1) CS167543B1 (OSRAM)
DD (1) DD105396A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2190520B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1414007A (OSRAM)
SU (1) SU722564A1 (OSRAM)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944119A (en) * 1974-10-03 1976-03-16 Campbell Soup Company Feeding and mixing apparatus
US5575086A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-11-19 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluidized bed with improved nozzle construction
US20060093442A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Ulf Kleineidam Powder pump flow monitoring method and system
US20110114753A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-19 Huasong ZHOU Shower with rotatable top and bottom rotating covers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004056611B4 (de) * 2004-11-24 2013-11-14 Dr. Gerhard Müller e.K. Fließbettreaktor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1880244A (en) * 1928-10-08 1932-10-04 Gas Fire Extinguisher Corp Du Spraying device for powdered material
US1938838A (en) * 1931-04-20 1933-12-12 Nathan D Jacobson Sprinkler
US1965912A (en) * 1932-11-25 1934-07-10 Chester C Strawn Irrigation sprinkler
US2512782A (en) * 1945-09-28 1950-06-27 Strickland Claude Roscoe Spraying apparatus
US2750708A (en) * 1954-04-12 1956-06-19 Handfield Leopold Ejector
US2761769A (en) * 1952-07-17 1956-09-04 Gulf Research Development Co Fluidized catalytic apparatus
US2962222A (en) * 1959-07-17 1960-11-29 Florent Van Overloop Tobacco steaming apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1880244A (en) * 1928-10-08 1932-10-04 Gas Fire Extinguisher Corp Du Spraying device for powdered material
US1938838A (en) * 1931-04-20 1933-12-12 Nathan D Jacobson Sprinkler
US1965912A (en) * 1932-11-25 1934-07-10 Chester C Strawn Irrigation sprinkler
US2512782A (en) * 1945-09-28 1950-06-27 Strickland Claude Roscoe Spraying apparatus
US2761769A (en) * 1952-07-17 1956-09-04 Gulf Research Development Co Fluidized catalytic apparatus
US2750708A (en) * 1954-04-12 1956-06-19 Handfield Leopold Ejector
US2962222A (en) * 1959-07-17 1960-11-29 Florent Van Overloop Tobacco steaming apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944119A (en) * 1974-10-03 1976-03-16 Campbell Soup Company Feeding and mixing apparatus
US5575086A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-11-19 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluidized bed with improved nozzle construction
US20060093442A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Ulf Kleineidam Powder pump flow monitoring method and system
US20110114753A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-19 Huasong ZHOU Shower with rotatable top and bottom rotating covers
US8297534B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-10-30 Xiamen Solex High-Tech Industries Co., Ltd. Shower with rotatable top and bottom rotating covers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1414007A (en) 1975-11-12
CS167543B1 (OSRAM) 1976-04-29
FR2190520B1 (OSRAM) 1977-07-15
SU722564A1 (ru) 1980-03-25
FR2190520A1 (OSRAM) 1974-02-01
JPS4964565A (OSRAM) 1974-06-22
DD105396A1 (OSRAM) 1974-04-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3179378A (en) Apparatus for mixing and transporting finely divided solids
US4413935A (en) Flow splitter for dividing a stream of pulverulent material into multiple streams
KR0169740B1 (ko) 미립자형 고형물을 용기에 충진시키는 장치
US4183702A (en) Storage and extraction device for powdered products
KR100194391B1 (ko) 분체정량공급장치
US6866075B2 (en) Method and apparatus for uniform particle loading of vessels
NZ206520A (en) Device for evenly spreading granular material within a container
US3276627A (en) Method and apparatus for fluidizing a mass of discrete particles
US3841530A (en) Powder feeder
US3834624A (en) Apparatus for fluidizing powders
US2540706A (en) Process and apparatus for effecting catalytic reactions
GB1469316A (en) Stirring apparatus
US4886369A (en) Continuous static mixing apparatus
US4326810A (en) Mixing devices
US2703275A (en) Apparatus for conducting heterogeneous chemical reactions
KR101399403B1 (ko) 동적 기체분배기 및 그를 적용한 기포탑 반응기
CN1032746A (zh) 进料器的设计
CA1153874A (en) Method and device for the feeding of finely divided solid matter to a gas-containing vessel
US4106117A (en) Apparatus for mixing particulate material in a liquid
CA1094612A (en) Dense-phase feeder method
CA1057280A (en) Centrifugal-type liquid film-particulates mixer
EP0028249B1 (en) Apparatus for throttling a dry pulverized solid material pump
JPH0634916B2 (ja) 粉体処理装置
SU1042788A1 (ru) Смеситель
SU1273150A1 (ru) Аппарат дл получени смесей