US3833502A - Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces - Google Patents

Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833502A
US3833502A US00355375A US35537573A US3833502A US 3833502 A US3833502 A US 3833502A US 00355375 A US00355375 A US 00355375A US 35537573 A US35537573 A US 35537573A US 3833502 A US3833502 A US 3833502A
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Prior art keywords
water
metalworking
polymers
polymer
coolants
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US00355375A
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English (en)
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E Leary
H Krillic
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ChampionX LLC
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Nalco Chemical Co
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Priority to US00355375A priority Critical patent/US3833502A/en
Priority to GB6022673A priority patent/GB1437141A/en
Priority to DE2402486A priority patent/DE2402486A1/de
Priority to IT47796/74A priority patent/IT1002723B/it
Priority to ES422451A priority patent/ES422451A1/es
Priority to JP919874A priority patent/JPS545473B2/ja
Priority to CA196,687A priority patent/CA1033346A/en
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Publication of US3833502A publication Critical patent/US3833502A/en
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • Water-based, metalworking coolants may be made to adhere to metal surfaces by incorporating w1th such coolants small amounts of water-soluble polymers.
  • metalworking coolants function in two manners, namely to dissipate heat from the work surface and the tool, and to lubricate the interface between the work surface and the tool, thereby extending tool life and improving the general characteristicsof the finished workpiece.
  • Metalworking coolants are used in a variety of metalworking and finishing operations which are normally performed on such typical machines as lathes, drill presses, automatic chuckers, milling machines, screw machines, grinders, saws, lapping machines and the like.
  • Modern metalworking coolants may be generically catagorized as follows:
  • Synthetic Coolants i.e., those that are water-soluble. These products are supplied in a concentrated form and are diluted with water when used in a machine tool.
  • Soluble Oil or Coolant-this type of product supplied as an oil with emulsifiers added. It is designed to be diluted with water when used in a machine tool. It forms a milky emulsion.
  • a fourth type which is a straight oil type metalworking coolant or fluid, the use of which is not covered by the teachings of this invention.
  • all of the above metalworking coolants are d1- luted with water just prior to their use.
  • Some of the ingredients are soluble in water whereas others of the ingredients are capable of being emulsified with water to form an oil-in-water emulsion which is then applied to the workpiece-tool interface.
  • metalworking coolants are accomplished by taking a hoselike nozzle and applying a stream of the coolant directly to the area between the tool and the workpiece.
  • the metalworking coolant contacts the worksurface or the tool, one of which is usually "Ice moving in a rotational manner, the metalworking coolant tends to be thrown from the rotational workpiece or the tool which is being rotated due to the action of centrifugal force. This results in metalworking coolants being removed from the workpiece or tool in the form of fine droplets.
  • the metalworking coolant is frequently dissipated from the area to which it is applied due to the splash which occurs on the fluid contacting the surfaces to which it is applied.
  • metalworking fluids of the type described with a chemical composition which would allow the fluid upon contact with either the workpiece and/or the tool to be more firmly adhered thereto by the dimunition of the splash and centrifugal force effects, less fluid would be needed in metalworking operations of the type described.
  • Such an additive should not only improve the losses occasioned by splashing and centrifugal force but it should not adversely alfect the cooling and lubricity factors of the metalworking fluid plus it should not affect their compatibility with water. If such an additive were available, an improvement in the art of metalworking would be afforded.
  • THE INVENTION it has been found that the capability of water dispersible metalworking coolants to adhere more tenaciously to metal surfaces to which they are applied may be afforded by adding to the aqueous phase of such coolants prior to their being applied to such metal surfaces at least five parts per million of a water-soluble polymer preferably the water-soluble polymer is formed by the polymerization of at least one monoolefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group, said polymer having a molecular weight of at least 100,000.
  • the polymers of the invention should have a molecular Weight in excess of 100,000.
  • Greatly preferred polymeric additives have a molecular weight of at least 300,000. In many instances the molecular weight of the polymer additives ranges as high as ll0 million or more.
  • the preferred poymeric structures are derived by the polymerization of at least one mono-olefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group to yield a waterdispersible synthetic polymer having a structure substantially free of cross-linkage.
  • the polymer is therefore available for solubilization or sufficient dispersion in the particular metalworking fluid to be treated.
  • Treating agents found to be especially effective for the purpose of the invention are water-dispersible synthetic polymers having a linear hydrocarbon structure and containing in a side chain, a hydrophilic group from the class consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid amide, hydroxy, pyridine, pyrrolidone, hydroxy alkyl ether, alkoxy, carboxylic acid salt groups, and mixtures of said groups.
  • the polymer treating agents which are'efiectiv'e fall into three classes; namely (1) those consisting of polymeric organic substances which in an aqueous medium will form organic anions having a substantial number of negative electrical charges distributed at a plurality of positions on the polymer; (2) those consisting of polymeric organic substances which in an aqueous medium will form organic cations having a substantial number of positive charges distributed at a plurality of positions on the polymer; and (3) those consisting of polymeric organic substances which in an aqueous medium will not form ions but nevertheless contain a suflicient number of hydrophilic groups to be water-dispersible.
  • the first class of materials is referred to herein as anionic organic polymers, the second class is referred to herein as cationic organic polymers, and the third class is referred to herein as non-ionic organic polymers.
  • the first two classes can also be referred to as polyelectrolytes.
  • polyelectrolyte is intended to cover synthetic organic polymers which in an aqueous medium will form organic ions having a substantial number of electrical charges distributed at a plurality of positions.
  • the synthetic organic polymers containing only carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, and carboxylic acid salt groups in a side chain are anionic.
  • the synthetic organic polymers containing only pyridine or other similar nitrogen-containing nuclei are cationic.
  • pyrrolidone a hydroxy, a hydroxy alkyl ether and/or an 'alkoxy group in a side chain are non-ionic.
  • the invention contemplates the employment of polymers which contain anionic, cationic and/or non-ionic groups. It also contemplates the employment of mixtures of anionic, cationic and/or non-ionic water-dispersible synthetic organic polymers.
  • 2,625,529 can be employed for the purpose of the invention.
  • the names applied to these copolymers refer to the molecular structure and are not limited to the polymers prepared by the copolymerization of specific monomers. In many 4 I cases, the identical copolymers can be prepared from other monomers and converted by "subsequent chemical reaction to the desired copolymer.
  • the copolymer is derived from a polycarboxylic acid derivative and at least one other monomer copolymerizable therewith
  • the polycarboxylic acid derivative may be 'maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, citraconic acid, the amides of these acids, the alkali metal (e.g. sodium, potassium and lithium), the alkaline earth metal (e.g. magnesium, calcium, barium and strontium), and ammonium salts of these acids, the partial alkyl esters (e. g.
  • the hydrophobic comonomers may be, for example, styrene, alphamethylstyrene, vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride,-,viuyl formate, vinyl alkyl ethers, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, ethylene, propylene, and/or isobutylene.
  • certain of the hydrophilic derivatives of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids can be polymerized in' less than equimolar proportions with some of the less hydrophobic comonomers, for example, vinyl formate and vinyl acetate.
  • terpolymeric substances may likewise be'usually employed in reducing mist of sprayed herbicidal liquid concentrates.
  • a greatly preferred group includespolymerized acrylamide as one of the components of either a copolymer or terpolymer. Usually the copolymer orterpolymer contains acrylamide as a major ingredient.
  • Greatly preferred polymers include acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers, and acrylamide-maleic"acid methacrylic terpolymers.
  • Suitable catalysts include alkaline earth metal carbonates such as strontium or calcium carbonate. While ethylene oxide condensate polymers are the most preferred materials, other non-ionic, polypolar polymers are not precluded from use in the invention.
  • the expression polypolar polymers refers to polymers having a, plurality of nonionized groups whereby said polymers-are rendered hydrophilic.
  • Such co'mpoundsfor use with this invention desirably include polyacrylamide, poly-substituted acrylthe metalworking fluid prior to their being applied to either a workpiece and/or the tool. Frequently in the case of high molecular weight polymers such as sodium polyacrylate this requires extremely long agitation periods to completely dissolve the polymer. This means that certain work schedules must be adjusted to allow for the time required to dissolve the polymer into the aqueous phase'of the metalworking coolants.
  • the Water-in-oil emulsions described above may be prepared by any number of known techniques.
  • the oils used in preparing these emulsions may be selected from a large group of organic liquids which include liquid hydrocarbons and substituted liquid hydrocarbons.
  • a preferred group of organic liquids are the hydrocarbon liquids which include both aromatic and aliphatic compounds.
  • organic hydrocarbon liquids as benzene, xylene, toluene, mineral oils, kerosenes, naphthas and, in certain instances, petrolatums may be used.
  • a particularly useful oil from the standpoint of its physical and chemical properties is the branch-chain isoparafiinic solvent sold by Humble Oil & Refining Company under the trade name lsopar M. Typical specifications of this narrow-cut isoparaffinic solvent are set forth below in table H:
  • the amount of oil used in relation to the water to prepare the emulsion may be varied over wide ranges.
  • the amount of oil-to-water may vary between 5:1-1:l0 with preferable emulsions being prepared in the ratio of 1:2 to 1:10. These ratios are illustrative of emulsions that can be prepared, although it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereby.
  • the emulsions may be prepared by any number of techniques.
  • the emulsions may be prepared by using high-speed agitation or ultrasonic techniques.
  • the amount of emulsifying agent to provide an emulsion will have to be determined by routine experimentation. As a general rule it may be said that the amount of oilsoluble emulsifier may range from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight based on the weight of the oil. To produce stable emulsions the amount of emulsifier will normally be Within the range of 12-20 percent by weight of the oil.
  • emulsifiers Rather than provide a listing of suitable emulsifiers, we prefer to generally recommend as being satisfactory the so-called low HLB materials which are well documented in the literature and are summarized in the Atlas HLB Surfactant Selector. Although these emulsifiers are useful in producing good water-in-oil emulsions, other surfactants may be used as long as they are capable of producing these emulsions. For instance, we have found that certain high HLB surfactants are capable of producing stable water-in-oil emulsions. A typical low HLB emulsifier is sorbitan monooleate.
  • the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers or the gums are dispersed into the water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the polymers as produced by most manufacturing processes are in the form of powders or lumplike agglomerates of varying particle size. It is desirable that the particles, before being placed into the emulsion, be cornminuted by grinding, abrading or the like so that their average particle size is less than 5 millimeters and preferably is within the range of l-5 microns.
  • the powders After the powders have been cornminuted, they may be dispersed into the water-in-oil emulsion by means of agitation provided by such devices as stirrers, shakers and the like.
  • the amount of polymer in the emulsion should be at least 2 percent by weight. It is contemplated using emulsions containing between 5-75 percent by weight with preferred emulsions having a polymer concentration within the range of 10-45 percent by weight. In some cases the starting emulsions are converted to suspensions due to the nature and the amount of the polymer present therein.
  • the polymer emulsions thus described be stable, yet at the same time contain relatively large amounts of polymers.
  • One method of insuring that the polymers do not precipitate when dispersed in the emulsion is that the particle size of the polymer be as small as possible.
  • polymers dispersed in the emulsifiers are quite stable when the particle size is within the range of 5 millimicrons up to about 5 microns.
  • spray dryers with appropriate size nozzles may be used. It also is possible to prepare the polymer-containing emulsion of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers directly from the vinyl monomers from which these polymers are synthesized.
  • Such polymer-containing emulsion may be synthesized by using the Water-in-oil emulsion polymerization technique set forth in US. Pat. No. 3,284,393.
  • the teachings of this patent comprise forming a water-in-oil emulsion of water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomers.
  • the emulsion is formed by utilizing a water-in-oil emulsifying agent.
  • a free radical-type polymerization catalyst To this monomer is added a free radical-type polymerization catalyst and then beat is applied under free radical-forming conditions to form water-soluble polymer latices.
  • the polymeric latices produced by this patent are relatively unstable and frequently must be treated with additional emulsifiers to render the products stable.
  • the polymer-containing emulsions may be inverted by any number of means.
  • the most convenient means resides in the use of a surfactant added to either the polymercontaining emulsion or to the water into which it is to be dissolved.
  • the placement of a surfactant into the water causes the emulsion to rapidly invert and release the polymer in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • this technique is used to invert the polymer-containing emulsion the amount of surfactant present in the water may vary over a range of 0.01 to 50 percent based on polymer. Good inversion often occurs within the range of 10-10 percent based on polymer.
  • the preferred surfactants are hydrophylic and are furalkyl or alkylene sulfonates, and sodium cetyl sulfonate,
  • sulfonated mineral oil as Well as the ammonium salts thereof; and salts of higher means like lauryl amine hydrochloride, and stearyl amine hydrobrornide.
  • any anionic, cationic, or nonionic compounds can be used as the surfactant.
  • suitable surfactants are alkali metal, ammonium and amine soaps; the fatty acid part of such soaps contains preferably at least 16 carbon atoms because soaps based on lauric and myristic acids have a greater tendency to develop abundant foam.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts of alkyl-aryl sulfonic acids, sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinate, sulfated or sulfonated oils, e.g., sulfated castor oil; sulfonated tallow, and alkali salts of short chain petroleum sulfonic acids.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are salts of long-chain primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, such as oleylamine acetate, cetylamine acetate, di-dodecylamine lactate, the acetate of aminoethyl-aminoethyl stearamide, dilauroyl triethylene tetramine diacetate, l-aminoethyl-Z- heptadecenyl imidazoline acetate; and quaternary salts, such as cetylpyridinium bromide, hexadecyl ethyl morpholinium chloride, and diethyl di-dodecyl ammonium chloride.
  • nonionic surfactants are condensation products of higher fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, such as the reaction product of oleyl alcohol with 10 ethylene oxide units; condensation products of alkylphenols and ethylene oxide, such as the reaction products of isooctylphenol with 12 ethylene oxide units; condensation products of higher fatty acid amides with five, or more, ethylene oxide units; polyethylene glycol esters of long-chain fatty acids, such as tetraethylene glycol monopalmitate, hexaethyleneglycol monolaurate, nonaethyleneglycol monostearate, nonaethyleneglycol dioleate, tridecaethyleneglycol monoarachidate, tricosaethylene glycol monobehenate, tricosaethyleneglycol dibehenate, polyhydric alcohol partial higher fatty acids esters such as sorbitan tristearate, ethylene oxide condensation products of polyhydric alcohol partial higher fatty esters, and their inner anhydrides (mannitolanhydride, called Mannitan,
  • surfactants include but are not limited to: polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene (10 mole) cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl-aryl ether, poyoxyethylene monolaurate, polyoxyethylene vegetable oil, polyoxyethylene sorbit-anrmonolaurate, polyoxyethylene esters or mixed fatty and resin acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative, polyoxyethylene (12 mole) tridecylether, polyoxyethylene 'sorbitan esters of mixed fatty and resin acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan-monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleat'e, polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxyethylene (20 mole) stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene (20 mole) oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene (15 mole) tridecyl
  • surfactants such as silicones, clays and the like which are included as surfactants since, in certain instances, they tend to invert the emulsion even though they are not water-soluble.
  • the surfactant may be directly added to the polymer-containing emulsion; thereby rendering it self-inverting upon contact with water.
  • These products while capable of being used in certain systems, must be carefully formulated since the surfactants may tend to interact with the emulsifier or the emulsion and destroy it prior to its being used.
  • inverting the emulsions include the use of agitation, high voltage electrical fields, heat and pH shift, as well as the placement into the water, into which the polymer-containing emulsion is to be dissolved, certain electrolytes.
  • agitation high voltage electrical fields
  • heat and pH shift as well as the placement into the water, into which the polymer-containing emulsion is to be dissolved, certain electrolytes.
  • a suitable method for its inversion may be readily determined by routine experimentation.
  • the amount of polymer needed to effectively improve the adhesive or cohesive characteristics of the metalworking fluids onto the workpiece or tool may vary from as little as 5 parts per million up to as much as 5001,000 parts per million.
  • care must be taken so that the-viscosity of the metalworking coolant does not increase to 'such a point that it becomes difiicult to work with and apply.
  • Nonionic emulsifier Sulphonates (anionic emulsifier) Rosin Soaps (emulsifier) Sulfated Fatty Oils (emulsifier) Alkali Soaps (emulsifier) Coupling Agents Rancidity Control Agents (Dowicides,
  • Example 1 Into a commercial lathe was chucked a three-inch diameter steel bar which was one foot long. The lathe was equipped with a supply hose for directing coolant onto the workpiece and the lathe cutting tool. The speed of the workpiece was set at 900 r.p.m. and the cutting tool set at a rake angle of 30 with the feed rate being relatively moderate. A coolant corresponding to Formula C without the water-soluble polymer present was diluted with forty parts of water. This formula was flooded onto the workpiece and tool during the cutting operation which lasted three minutes. A strobe light was set up and adjusted to allow visual observation of the droplet and splash patterns generated by the application of the coolant.
  • Example 2 Using the same test method as described in Example 1, Formula D was tested both with and without the same water-soluble polymer present at 15 p.p.m. in the aqueous phase. Once again splashes and ejection of droplets into the air was reduced about 75 percent due to the presence of the polymer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US00355375A 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3833502A (en)

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US00355375A US3833502A (en) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces
GB6022673A GB1437141A (en) 1973-04-30 1973-12-31 Method for the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces
DE2402486A DE2402486A1 (de) 1973-04-30 1974-01-16 Verfahren zur verbesserung der haftfaehigkeit von metallbearbeitungskuehlmitteln auf metallflaechen
IT47796/74A IT1002723B (it) 1973-04-30 1974-01-18 Processo per migliorare l aderenza di refrigeranti per lavorare metal li alle superfici metalliche
ES422451A ES422451A1 (es) 1973-04-30 1974-01-19 Un metodo para mejorar la capacidad de liquidos refrigeran-tes para trabajo de metales.
JP919874A JPS545473B2 (it) 1973-04-30 1974-01-21
CA196,687A CA1033346A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-03 Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces

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WO1990001057A1 (fr) * 1988-07-25 1990-02-08 Kharkovsky Avtomobilno-Dorozhny Institut Imeni Komsomola Ukrainy Liquide lubrifiant ininflammable
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US5042209A (en) * 1988-01-19 1991-08-27 Lonza Ltd. Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device
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WO1992016603A1 (en) * 1991-03-22 1992-10-01 Henkel Corporation Lubrication for cold forming of metals
US5205488A (en) * 1990-03-26 1993-04-27 Lonza Ltd. Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure
WO1993024601A1 (de) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Anti-nebel-additiv für wassermischbare und wassergemischte kühlschmierstoffe
US5271854A (en) * 1986-09-23 1993-12-21 Lonza Ltd. High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex
US5346556A (en) * 1993-11-01 1994-09-13 Xerox Corporation Lathing and cleaning process for photoreceptor substrates
WO1995003881A1 (en) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Surfactant compositions
US5534172A (en) * 1993-11-01 1996-07-09 Xerox Corporation Cutting fluid
US5706684A (en) * 1995-10-03 1998-01-13 Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Metalworking process
US5783529A (en) * 1997-10-24 1998-07-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Rhamsan gum as mist suppressant in metal working fluids
US6020291A (en) * 1997-11-21 2000-02-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Branched sulfonate containing copolymers as mist suppressants in soluble oil (water-based) metal working fluids
US6100225A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-08-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Sulfonate containing copolymers as mist suppressants insoluble oil (water-based) metal working fluids
US6194359B1 (en) * 1996-11-16 2001-02-27 Fragol Schmierstoff Gmbh & Co. Kg Operating fluid for lifetime lubricated internal combustion engines
US20020111278A1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2002-08-15 Heijiro Ojima Water-based lubricants containing sulfur as a coordinating atom and uses thereof
US20020123435A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-09-05 Mec International Corporation Metal lubricants containing a bridge complex
US6475408B1 (en) 2000-09-28 2002-11-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Shear-stable mist-suppressing compositions
US20040077738A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-04-22 Cabot Corporation Aerogel and hollow particle binder composition, insulation composite, and method for preparing the same
US20050263503A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-12-01 Brzesowsky Rudolf H Method of breaking a brittle substrate
US20060160710A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Steven E. Rayfield Synthetic metal working fluids for ferrous metals
US20100022424A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Wincom, Inc. Use of triazoles in reducing cobalt leaching from cobalt-containing metal working tools
US8236204B1 (en) 2011-03-11 2012-08-07 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same
US8236205B1 (en) 2011-03-11 2012-08-07 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and other triazoles and methods for using same
US20140093735A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Ube Material Industries, Ltd. Acicular strontium carbonate fine powder
US9309205B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2016-04-12 Wincom, Inc. Filtration process for purifying liquid azole heteroaromatic compound-containing mixtures
CN107057658A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-08-18 安徽省东至县东鑫冲压件有限责任公司 一种机械加工用金属冷却液配方
CN110066700A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-07-30 廊坊师范学院 全合成金属切削液的制备方法

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JPS52133472A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-08 Nippon Grease Kk Lubricating composition and method of the same
JPS5331066A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-23 Kubota Ltd Lubricant
JPS5928360B2 (ja) * 1977-05-02 1984-07-12 新日本製鐵株式会社 鋼板の冷間圧延法
JPS5452270A (en) * 1977-09-30 1979-04-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Hot working lubricant
JPS55152794A (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-28 Shiro Hasegawa Torque stabilizer and treatment for stabilization of torque of clamping material
JP6405301B2 (ja) * 2013-03-26 2018-10-17 住友精化株式会社 水溶性金属加工油剤
FR3133743B1 (fr) * 2022-03-25 2025-11-21 Patrick Lesage Nouvelle composition cryogénique

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US4108099A (en) * 1975-05-01 1978-08-22 Metal Box Limited Method and apparatus for forming a coated container
USRE33124E (en) * 1976-08-04 1989-12-05 Singer and Hersch Industrial Development (PTY) Ltd. Water-based industrial fluids
US4289637A (en) * 1978-12-07 1981-09-15 United States Borax & Chemical Corp. Mineral oil soluble borate compositions
FR2456136A1 (fr) * 1979-05-08 1980-12-05 Kao Corp Composition lubrifiante a base d'une huile lubrifiante et d'agents de dispersion hydrosolubles et procede d'application de cette composition a une zone usinee
US4315889A (en) * 1979-12-26 1982-02-16 Ashland Oil, Inc. Method of reducing leaching of cobalt from metal working tools containing tungsten carbide particles bonded by cobalt
DE3241197A1 (de) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-23 Kao Corp. Metallwalzoel-zusammensetzung
FR2518566A1 (fr) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-24 Kao Corp Huile pour laminage des metaux
US4563294A (en) * 1982-03-27 1986-01-07 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Aqueous lubricant for saw chains
US4493777A (en) * 1982-12-20 1985-01-15 The Dow Chemical Company Water-based hydraulic fluids
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FR2548210A1 (fr) * 1983-06-14 1985-01-04 Kao Corp Perfectionnements a une composition d'huile pour le travail des metaux, contenant un polymere hydrosoluble cationique ou amphotere
DE3421967A1 (de) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-20 Kao Corp. Metallbearbeitungsoel-zusammensetzung
FR2549079A1 (fr) * 1983-06-17 1985-01-18 Nippon Kokan Kk Huile pour laminage a froid de toles d'acier
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US4784784A (en) * 1986-07-17 1988-11-15 Pennzoil Products Company Succinic acid esters and hydraulic fluids therefrom
US4720555A (en) * 1986-09-12 1988-01-19 Pennzoil Products Company Hydrocarbyl anhydrides
US5271854A (en) * 1986-09-23 1993-12-21 Lonza Ltd. High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex
US5102468A (en) * 1987-09-29 1992-04-07 Lonza Ltd. Device for applying a descaling agent to the inner surface of a hollow billet
US5042209A (en) * 1988-01-19 1991-08-27 Lonza Ltd. Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device
US5016456A (en) * 1988-03-30 1991-05-21 Lonza Ltd. Process for making hollow billets into tubes
US4978466A (en) * 1988-07-25 1990-12-18 Proizvodstvennoe Obiedinenie Atomnogo Turbostroenia "Kharkov Sky Turbinny Zavod" Imeni S.M. Kirova Non-combustible lubricating fluid
WO1990001057A1 (fr) * 1988-07-25 1990-02-08 Kharkovsky Avtomobilno-Dorozhny Institut Imeni Komsomola Ukrainy Liquide lubrifiant ininflammable
US5205488A (en) * 1990-03-26 1993-04-27 Lonza Ltd. Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure
WO1992016603A1 (en) * 1991-03-22 1992-10-01 Henkel Corporation Lubrication for cold forming of metals
WO1993024601A1 (de) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Anti-nebel-additiv für wassermischbare und wassergemischte kühlschmierstoffe
US6586366B1 (en) 1993-07-27 2003-07-01 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Homogenous agrochemical concentrates and agrochemical formulations obtained therefrom
WO1995003881A1 (en) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Surfactant compositions
US5346556A (en) * 1993-11-01 1994-09-13 Xerox Corporation Lathing and cleaning process for photoreceptor substrates
US5534172A (en) * 1993-11-01 1996-07-09 Xerox Corporation Cutting fluid
US5706684A (en) * 1995-10-03 1998-01-13 Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Metalworking process
US6100225A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-08-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Sulfonate containing copolymers as mist suppressants insoluble oil (water-based) metal working fluids
US6194359B1 (en) * 1996-11-16 2001-02-27 Fragol Schmierstoff Gmbh & Co. Kg Operating fluid for lifetime lubricated internal combustion engines
US20020111278A1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2002-08-15 Heijiro Ojima Water-based lubricants containing sulfur as a coordinating atom and uses thereof
US6852678B2 (en) 1996-11-18 2005-02-08 Mec International Corporation Water-based lubricants containing sulfur as a coordinating atom and uses thereof
EP0911383A3 (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-07-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Rhamsan Gum as mist suppressant in metal working fluids
US5783529A (en) * 1997-10-24 1998-07-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Rhamsan gum as mist suppressant in metal working fluids
US6020291A (en) * 1997-11-21 2000-02-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Branched sulfonate containing copolymers as mist suppressants in soluble oil (water-based) metal working fluids
US6475408B1 (en) 2000-09-28 2002-11-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Shear-stable mist-suppressing compositions
US20020123435A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-09-05 Mec International Corporation Metal lubricants containing a bridge complex
US6858568B2 (en) 2000-12-21 2005-02-22 Mec International Corporation Metal lubricants containing a bridge complex
US20040077738A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-04-22 Cabot Corporation Aerogel and hollow particle binder composition, insulation composite, and method for preparing the same
US7838795B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2010-11-23 Mitsuboshi Diamond Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of breaking a brittle substrate
US20050263503A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-12-01 Brzesowsky Rudolf H Method of breaking a brittle substrate
US20060160710A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Steven E. Rayfield Synthetic metal working fluids for ferrous metals
US20100022424A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Wincom, Inc. Use of triazoles in reducing cobalt leaching from cobalt-containing metal working tools
US8722592B2 (en) 2008-07-25 2014-05-13 Wincom, Inc. Use of triazoles in reducing cobalt leaching from cobalt-containing metal working tools
US9447322B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2016-09-20 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same
US8236204B1 (en) 2011-03-11 2012-08-07 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same
US8236205B1 (en) 2011-03-11 2012-08-07 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and other triazoles and methods for using same
US8535567B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2013-09-17 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same
US8535568B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2013-09-17 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles solubilized in activating solvents and methods for using same
US8535569B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2013-09-17 Wincom, Inc. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising tetrahydrobenzotriazoles and other triazoles and methods for using same
US20140093735A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Ube Material Industries, Ltd. Acicular strontium carbonate fine powder
US9067799B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-06-30 Ube Material Industries, Ltd. Acicular strontium carbonate fine powder treated with a combination of compounds containing a polyoxyalkylene group
US9309205B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2016-04-12 Wincom, Inc. Filtration process for purifying liquid azole heteroaromatic compound-containing mixtures
US9802905B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-10-31 Wincom, Inc. Filtration process for purifying liquid azole heteroaromatic compound-containing mixtures
CN107057658A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-08-18 安徽省东至县东鑫冲压件有限责任公司 一种机械加工用金属冷却液配方
CN110066700A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-07-30 廊坊师范学院 全合成金属切削液的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2402486A1 (de) 1974-11-14
IT1002723B (it) 1976-05-20
ES422451A1 (es) 1976-06-01
JPS502655A (it) 1975-01-11
JPS545473B2 (it) 1979-03-16
CA1033346A (en) 1978-06-20
GB1437141A (en) 1976-05-26

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