CA1046047A - Method for improving the adherence of oil type metalworking coolants to metal surfaces - Google Patents
Method for improving the adherence of oil type metalworking coolants to metal surfacesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1046047A CA1046047A CA197,057A CA197057A CA1046047A CA 1046047 A CA1046047 A CA 1046047A CA 197057 A CA197057 A CA 197057A CA 1046047 A CA1046047 A CA 1046047A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- metalworking
- soluble polymer
- ppm
- coolants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Improved coolants for metal working operations of the con-ventional oil-based type are described, containing at least 15 ppm of an oil soluble polymer. These modified coolants adhere more effectively to the metal surface being worked and thus reduce splash and mist formation.
Improved coolants for metal working operations of the con-ventional oil-based type are described, containing at least 15 ppm of an oil soluble polymer. These modified coolants adhere more effectively to the metal surface being worked and thus reduce splash and mist formation.
Description
~46~47 INTRODUCTION
In the metalworking industry it is now a co D n practice to use a variety of metalworking coolants. These coolants function in two manners, name:ly to dissipate heat from the work surface and the tool, and to lubricate the interface between the work surface and the tool, thereby extending tool life and improving the general characteristics of the finished workpiece.
Metalworking coolants are used in a variety of metalworking and finishing operations which are normally performed on such typical machines as lathes, drill presses, automatic chuckers, milling machines, screw machines, grinders, saws, lapping machines and the like.
A frequently used fluid is an oil type metalworking coolant or fluid. These oil type metalworking coolants are usually composed of a mineral oil or lubricating oil base into which has been incorporated one or more additives to improve the metalworking characteristics and lubricity of the oil. A typical oil type metalworking coolant or lubricant would have the following formula:
FO ULA I
Sulphurized Oil 0 - 25%
tveg. animal or pet. base) Chlorine containing ccmpound 0 - 25%
(veg. animal or pet. base) Wetting Agent O - 5%
(anionic-amides or sod. sulphonate) (nonionic-ethoxy or propoxy compounds) (anionic-amine salts of fatty acids as TEA oleate, etc.) Bactericide-Fungicide 0 - 2%
(innumerable) Metal Deactivator 0 - 2%
Anti Oxidant O - 1%
Corrosion Inhibitor 0 - 2%
(amines, oxazolines, etc.) Hydrocarbon Ealance (Mineral Seal oil, kerosene, high flash paraffin oils, napthenic oils) B~
~ 46047 The application of thcse oil type metalworking coolants is accomplished by taking a hoselike nozzle and applying a stream of the coolant directly to the area between the tool and the workpiece. As the metalworking coolant contacts the work surface or the tool, one of which is usually moving in a rotational manner, the metalworking coolant tends to be thrown from the rotational workpiece or the tool which is being rotated due to the action of centrifugal force. This results in metalworking coolants being removed from the workpiece or tool in the form of fine droplets. Also, the metalworking coolant is frequently dissipated from the area to which it is applied due to the splash which occurs on the fluid contacting the surfaces to which it is applied, Due to the phenomenon of loss of metalworking fluid due to centrifugal force and splashes loss, substantial quantities of the fluid are lost into the atmosphere rather than being utilized in cooling and lubricating the tool and workpiece. In certain limited applications these fluids are applied in the form of fine mists which tend to dissipate into the atmosphere much of the fluid before it contacts the tool or workpiece.
If it were possible to treat oil type metalworking fluids of the type described with a chemical composition which would allow the fluid upon contact with either the workpiece and/or the tool to be more firmly adhered thereto by the dimunition of the splash and centrifugal force effects, less fluid would be needed in metalworking operations of the type described. Such an additive should not only improve the losse$ occasioned by splashing and centrifugal force but it should not adversely affect the cooling and lubricity factors of the oily metalworking fluid. If such an .. _. .. . r~
1~46~47 l l additive wer~ available, an improvement in the art of metalworking would be afforded.
THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an improved method of working metals. It is particularly directed to metalworking processes of the type wherein a tool contacts a work surface and an oily metal coolant is used to cool and lubricate the interface between the tool and work surface. This type of metalworking operation is substantially improved in accordance with the invention if the oil type metalworking coolant used contains at least 5 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of at least one monoolefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group, said polymer having a molecular welght of at least 25,000. Upon application to the metal surface, e.g. the workpiece and/or the tool~ the adherence of the oil type metalworking coolant or fluid to the metal surface is substantially increased.
THE OIL-SOLUBLE POLYMERS
The oil-soluble polymers used in the invention should have a molecular weight of at least 25,000. Preferably the molecular weight is in excess of 100,000 and most preferably the molecular weight is 1,000,000 or more.
It is greatly preferred that the polymeric additive be soluble in the oil component. It is, therefore, preferable that the polymer be derived from a hydrophobic monomer. Examples typical of these are styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl formate, vinyl alkyl ethers, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, ethylene, propyl e, n-butylene, isob~tylene, etc ~he most pre~erred oil-161466~47 soluble polymers have a molecular weight in excess of 100,000.These polymers which have sh~own the greatest measure of success have a linear hydrocarbon structure derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing 2-5 carbon atoms. These monomers may contain one or two unsaturated groups. Among these, poly-ethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, poly-isoprene and copolymers thereof have shown the most promise.
Polyisobutylene and polyisoprene (natural rubber) are the most preferred of this group.
By the term "soluble," as applied to the property of the polymers of the invention of being able to be incorp~ ated into oil type metalworking coolants, is meant the ability of being solubilized or dispersed in at least use amounts in the liquid being treated.
Depending upon the nature of the polymer, its molecular configuration, molecular weight, etc., the dosage may be varied over a considerable range. Thus, in the most preferred practice of the invention the oil type metalworking coolant should contain between 15-500 ppm of the polymer and most preferably the polymer dosage is within the range of 100-500 ppm.
An important concept of the invention resides in the fact that the amount of polymer used should not substantially increase the viscosity of the oily metalworking lubricant into which it is incorporated. This is extremely important since the invention ;
works by what is believed to be a heretofore unknown mechanism.
Prior art lubricants which contain polymers of the type described are usually so treated with such polymers to improve their vis-cosity indices which infers a substantial thickening of the ` 1f~46~47 lubrican~ into ~hich such polymers are placed.
In most instances the viscosity of this starting oily metalworking lubricant will not be increased more than 10-20%
by the addition of the polymers thereto, If viscosities in excess of this amount are obtained, it is found that the oily metalworking lubricants while tending to show more adherence characteristics to the workpiece or tool are more difficult to pump and handle as well as having decreased spreading properties ¦ which substantially diminishes their usefulness.
! EVALUATION OF THE INVENTION
¦ To evaluate the invention the following test setup was used: ¦
Into a commercial lathe was chucked a three-inch diameter steel bar which was one foot long. The lathe was equipped with a supply hose for directing coolant onto the workpiece and the lathe cutting tool. The speed of the workpiece was set at 900 rpm and the cutting tool set at a rake angle of 30 with the feed rate being relatively moderate.
The oil type coolants used in the experiment had the following formula:
FORMULA II
Sulfurized fatty oil 8.33 Chlorinated Paraffin 2.98 ¦ Sulfurized Pale Oil 62.02 3% Solution of Polyisobutylene 0.70 (Molecular Weight 1,000,000 dissolved in mineral seal oil) (Methyl esters of palmitic & oleic acids) 4.17 Mineral Seal Oil 21.00 1~)46~147 This formula was flooded onto thc workpiece and tool durins the cutting operation which lasted 3 minutes. A strobe li~ht was set up and adjusted to allow visible observation of the droplets and splash patterns generated by the application of the coolant.
¦ IDbservations were made of this run. An identical run was made ~ using the above formula with the exception that the ¦ polyisobutylene polymer was omitted.
¦ In comparing the above two runs, it was noted that the ¦ presence of the polymer reduced splash and droplet formation due ¦ to centrifugal force by about 60%.
An important feature of Formula II is that the incorporation of the polyisobutylene into the formula in the amount shown did not materially increase the viscosity of the formula. This data is presented below: ¦
Vis. at 100F. Vis. at 210F. Viscosity Product SUS SUS Index ,, Formula II `
w/o Polymer 100.2 40.4 128 Formula II 102.1 40.7 124 PRIOR ART
U.S. 2,431,008 U.S. 2,876,199 U.S. 2,356,367 U.S. 3,413,109 U.S. 2,487,260 U.S. 3,408,175 Having thus described our invention, it is claimed as follows:
In the metalworking industry it is now a co D n practice to use a variety of metalworking coolants. These coolants function in two manners, name:ly to dissipate heat from the work surface and the tool, and to lubricate the interface between the work surface and the tool, thereby extending tool life and improving the general characteristics of the finished workpiece.
Metalworking coolants are used in a variety of metalworking and finishing operations which are normally performed on such typical machines as lathes, drill presses, automatic chuckers, milling machines, screw machines, grinders, saws, lapping machines and the like.
A frequently used fluid is an oil type metalworking coolant or fluid. These oil type metalworking coolants are usually composed of a mineral oil or lubricating oil base into which has been incorporated one or more additives to improve the metalworking characteristics and lubricity of the oil. A typical oil type metalworking coolant or lubricant would have the following formula:
FO ULA I
Sulphurized Oil 0 - 25%
tveg. animal or pet. base) Chlorine containing ccmpound 0 - 25%
(veg. animal or pet. base) Wetting Agent O - 5%
(anionic-amides or sod. sulphonate) (nonionic-ethoxy or propoxy compounds) (anionic-amine salts of fatty acids as TEA oleate, etc.) Bactericide-Fungicide 0 - 2%
(innumerable) Metal Deactivator 0 - 2%
Anti Oxidant O - 1%
Corrosion Inhibitor 0 - 2%
(amines, oxazolines, etc.) Hydrocarbon Ealance (Mineral Seal oil, kerosene, high flash paraffin oils, napthenic oils) B~
~ 46047 The application of thcse oil type metalworking coolants is accomplished by taking a hoselike nozzle and applying a stream of the coolant directly to the area between the tool and the workpiece. As the metalworking coolant contacts the work surface or the tool, one of which is usually moving in a rotational manner, the metalworking coolant tends to be thrown from the rotational workpiece or the tool which is being rotated due to the action of centrifugal force. This results in metalworking coolants being removed from the workpiece or tool in the form of fine droplets. Also, the metalworking coolant is frequently dissipated from the area to which it is applied due to the splash which occurs on the fluid contacting the surfaces to which it is applied, Due to the phenomenon of loss of metalworking fluid due to centrifugal force and splashes loss, substantial quantities of the fluid are lost into the atmosphere rather than being utilized in cooling and lubricating the tool and workpiece. In certain limited applications these fluids are applied in the form of fine mists which tend to dissipate into the atmosphere much of the fluid before it contacts the tool or workpiece.
If it were possible to treat oil type metalworking fluids of the type described with a chemical composition which would allow the fluid upon contact with either the workpiece and/or the tool to be more firmly adhered thereto by the dimunition of the splash and centrifugal force effects, less fluid would be needed in metalworking operations of the type described. Such an additive should not only improve the losse$ occasioned by splashing and centrifugal force but it should not adversely affect the cooling and lubricity factors of the oily metalworking fluid. If such an .. _. .. . r~
1~46~47 l l additive wer~ available, an improvement in the art of metalworking would be afforded.
THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an improved method of working metals. It is particularly directed to metalworking processes of the type wherein a tool contacts a work surface and an oily metal coolant is used to cool and lubricate the interface between the tool and work surface. This type of metalworking operation is substantially improved in accordance with the invention if the oil type metalworking coolant used contains at least 5 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of at least one monoolefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group, said polymer having a molecular welght of at least 25,000. Upon application to the metal surface, e.g. the workpiece and/or the tool~ the adherence of the oil type metalworking coolant or fluid to the metal surface is substantially increased.
THE OIL-SOLUBLE POLYMERS
The oil-soluble polymers used in the invention should have a molecular weight of at least 25,000. Preferably the molecular weight is in excess of 100,000 and most preferably the molecular weight is 1,000,000 or more.
It is greatly preferred that the polymeric additive be soluble in the oil component. It is, therefore, preferable that the polymer be derived from a hydrophobic monomer. Examples typical of these are styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl formate, vinyl alkyl ethers, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, ethylene, propyl e, n-butylene, isob~tylene, etc ~he most pre~erred oil-161466~47 soluble polymers have a molecular weight in excess of 100,000.These polymers which have sh~own the greatest measure of success have a linear hydrocarbon structure derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing 2-5 carbon atoms. These monomers may contain one or two unsaturated groups. Among these, poly-ethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, poly-isoprene and copolymers thereof have shown the most promise.
Polyisobutylene and polyisoprene (natural rubber) are the most preferred of this group.
By the term "soluble," as applied to the property of the polymers of the invention of being able to be incorp~ ated into oil type metalworking coolants, is meant the ability of being solubilized or dispersed in at least use amounts in the liquid being treated.
Depending upon the nature of the polymer, its molecular configuration, molecular weight, etc., the dosage may be varied over a considerable range. Thus, in the most preferred practice of the invention the oil type metalworking coolant should contain between 15-500 ppm of the polymer and most preferably the polymer dosage is within the range of 100-500 ppm.
An important concept of the invention resides in the fact that the amount of polymer used should not substantially increase the viscosity of the oily metalworking lubricant into which it is incorporated. This is extremely important since the invention ;
works by what is believed to be a heretofore unknown mechanism.
Prior art lubricants which contain polymers of the type described are usually so treated with such polymers to improve their vis-cosity indices which infers a substantial thickening of the ` 1f~46~47 lubrican~ into ~hich such polymers are placed.
In most instances the viscosity of this starting oily metalworking lubricant will not be increased more than 10-20%
by the addition of the polymers thereto, If viscosities in excess of this amount are obtained, it is found that the oily metalworking lubricants while tending to show more adherence characteristics to the workpiece or tool are more difficult to pump and handle as well as having decreased spreading properties ¦ which substantially diminishes their usefulness.
! EVALUATION OF THE INVENTION
¦ To evaluate the invention the following test setup was used: ¦
Into a commercial lathe was chucked a three-inch diameter steel bar which was one foot long. The lathe was equipped with a supply hose for directing coolant onto the workpiece and the lathe cutting tool. The speed of the workpiece was set at 900 rpm and the cutting tool set at a rake angle of 30 with the feed rate being relatively moderate.
The oil type coolants used in the experiment had the following formula:
FORMULA II
Sulfurized fatty oil 8.33 Chlorinated Paraffin 2.98 ¦ Sulfurized Pale Oil 62.02 3% Solution of Polyisobutylene 0.70 (Molecular Weight 1,000,000 dissolved in mineral seal oil) (Methyl esters of palmitic & oleic acids) 4.17 Mineral Seal Oil 21.00 1~)46~147 This formula was flooded onto thc workpiece and tool durins the cutting operation which lasted 3 minutes. A strobe li~ht was set up and adjusted to allow visible observation of the droplets and splash patterns generated by the application of the coolant.
¦ IDbservations were made of this run. An identical run was made ~ using the above formula with the exception that the ¦ polyisobutylene polymer was omitted.
¦ In comparing the above two runs, it was noted that the ¦ presence of the polymer reduced splash and droplet formation due ¦ to centrifugal force by about 60%.
An important feature of Formula II is that the incorporation of the polyisobutylene into the formula in the amount shown did not materially increase the viscosity of the formula. This data is presented below: ¦
Vis. at 100F. Vis. at 210F. Viscosity Product SUS SUS Index ,, Formula II `
w/o Polymer 100.2 40.4 128 Formula II 102.1 40.7 124 PRIOR ART
U.S. 2,431,008 U.S. 2,876,199 U.S. 2,356,367 U.S. 3,413,109 U.S. 2,487,260 U.S. 3,408,175 Having thus described our invention, it is claimed as follows:
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An improved method of working metals in a process of the type wherein a tool contacts the work surface and an oily metalworking coolant is used to cool and lubricate the interface between the tool and the work sur-face the improvement which comprises using as the oily metalworking coolant an oily metalworking coolant which contains at least 5 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer having a molecular weight of at least 25,000 formed by the polymer-ization of at least one monoolefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group and then applying the thus treated metalworking coolant to a metal surface.
2. The method of claim 1 where the oil-soluble polymer has a molecular weight of at least 100,000.
3. The method of claim 1 where the oily metalworking coolant contains from 15 - 500 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer.
4. The method of claim 1 where the oily metalworking coolant contains from 100 - 500 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer.
5. The method of claim 3 where the polymer is a polyisobutylene and has a molecular weight of about 1,000,000.
6. A method for improving the capability of oil-type metalworking coolants to adhere to metal surfaces to which they are applied which comprises the steps of adding to said coolants prior to their being applied to a metal surface at least 5 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of at least one monoolefinic compound through an aliphatic unsaturated group and have a molecular weight of at least 25,000, and then applying the thus treated metalworking coolants to a metal surface.
7. The method of claim 6 where the oil-soluble polymer has a molecular weight of at least 100,000.
8. The method of claim 6 where the oil-soluble polymer is present in an amount of from 15 - 500 ppm.
9. The method of claim 6 where the oil-soluble polymer is present in an amount of from 100 - 500 ppm.
10. A method for improving the capability of oil-type metalworking coolants to adhere to metal surfaces to which they are applied which comprises the steps of adding to said coolants prior to their being applied to a metal surface at least 5 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer selected from the group con-sisting of homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene and isoprene, then applying the thus treated metalworking coolants to a metal surface.
11. The method of claim 10 where the polymer is a polyisobutylene and has a molecular weight of at least 100,000.
12. The method of claim 10 where the oily metalworking coolant contains from 15 - 500 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer.
13. The method of claim 10 where the oily metalworking coolant contains from 100 - 500 ppm of an oil-soluble polymer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35536273A | 1973-04-27 | 1973-04-27 | |
| US44571274A | 1974-02-25 | 1974-02-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1046047A true CA1046047A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
Family
ID=26998809
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA197,057A Expired CA1046047A (en) | 1973-04-27 | 1974-04-08 | Method for improving the adherence of oil type metalworking coolants to metal surfaces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1046047A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3519078A1 (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-12-04 | Karl Prof. Dr. 8200 Rosenheim Stetter | METHOD FOR COLD FORMING METAL WORKPIECES |
| US5958849A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1999-09-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | High performance metal working oil |
-
1974
- 1974-04-08 CA CA197,057A patent/CA1046047A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3519078A1 (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-12-04 | Karl Prof. Dr. 8200 Rosenheim Stetter | METHOD FOR COLD FORMING METAL WORKPIECES |
| US5958849A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1999-09-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | High performance metal working oil |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3833502A (en) | Method for improving the adherence of metalworking coolants to metal surfaces | |
| US3980571A (en) | Synthetic lubricant for machining and chipless deformation of metals | |
| US4654155A (en) | Microemulsion lubricant | |
| US4416788A (en) | Metal cutting oil and method for using same | |
| CN108431191B (en) | Metal working fluid | |
| CA2273264C (en) | High performance metal working oil | |
| US3527726A (en) | Water-soluble ammonium or amine salts of phosphate esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer - polyalkylene glycol esters | |
| US3919098A (en) | Cutting oil of reduced stray fog | |
| JPH0240111B2 (en) | ||
| CA1046047A (en) | Method for improving the adherence of oil type metalworking coolants to metal surfaces | |
| US4119547A (en) | High temperature lubricant composition | |
| US3501404A (en) | Aqueous lubricants for metal working | |
| US2431008A (en) | Cooling fluid | |
| US2533700A (en) | Nonfoaming lubricant composition | |
| US2829430A (en) | Cutting compounds | |
| RU2674162C1 (en) | Lubricating cooling technological means for treating metals by cutting and for surface deformation processes | |
| US2628197A (en) | Metalworking lubricant | |
| JPH0237399B2 (en) | ||
| CA1059111A (en) | Metal working lubricant comprising ethylene copolymers | |
| JP2723435B2 (en) | EDM and EDM | |
| US4237188A (en) | Epoxide or episulfide polymer-based hot melt metal working lubricants | |
| US3563895A (en) | Lubricant-coolant | |
| CA1059980A (en) | Cutting oil compositions having low air misting compositions | |
| RU1822197C (en) | Coolant-lubricant liquid concentrate for mechanical treatment of metals | |
| SU1061457A1 (en) | Lubricating-cooling liquid for mechanical working of metals |