US3833409A - Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing - Google Patents

Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833409A
US3833409A US00216194A US21619472A US3833409A US 3833409 A US3833409 A US 3833409A US 00216194 A US00216194 A US 00216194A US 21619472 A US21619472 A US 21619472A US 3833409 A US3833409 A US 3833409A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
particles
printing
microns
sheet
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00216194A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Peshin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carters Ink Co
Original Assignee
Carters Ink Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE793698D priority Critical patent/BE793698A/xx
Application filed by Carters Ink Co filed Critical Carters Ink Co
Priority to US00216194A priority patent/US3833409A/en
Priority to IT34051/72A priority patent/IT973254B/it
Priority to FR7300376A priority patent/FR2167753B1/fr
Priority to NL7300179A priority patent/NL7300179A/xx
Priority to CA160,651A priority patent/CA996423A/en
Priority to GB82073A priority patent/GB1391730A/en
Priority to DE2300783A priority patent/DE2300783A1/de
Priority to JP48004754A priority patent/JPS512008B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3833409A publication Critical patent/US3833409A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24008—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including fastener for attaching to external surface
    • Y10T428/24017—Hook or barb

Definitions

  • a printing ribbon for non-impact electrical printing [52] 525 7 7 consists of an insulating base film, having a microcav- [51] Int Cl 844! 1/16 B44d 1/18 ernous surface formed by microscopic crags having Fie'ld 5 74 SB 74 so deep, rough and irregular pits or valleys between them with fine conductive printing particles loosely retained on and in the surface.
  • This invention relates to printing ribbons suitable for use in the non-impact printing (NIP) system described by Haeberle et al in US. Pat. No. 3,550,153 dated Dec. 22, 1970.
  • the patent of Haeberle et al describes method and apparatus for printing an image upon a recipient sheet by disposing closely adjacent to that sheet a donor sheet which carries mobile electrically conductive printing particles in or on a high resistance medium, and then applying through the thickness of the two sheets a shaped electrical field pulse of short duration corresponding in outline to the image to be printed.
  • the pulse is effective to establish a current flow which causes the printing particles to become charged and then transferred from the donor sheet to the recipient sheet.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a printing ribbon, or donor sheet, having a high density of readily removable and transferable printing material such that images of good tone and contrast may be produced.
  • this invention provides a sheet material which is relatively clean to handle and not given to smudging or dusting, yet which carries loosely a relatively large quantity of finely divided printing particles that may be readily transferred by the electrical pulses employed in the printing step.
  • the printing ribbon or donor sheet have a relatively high electrical resistivity, particularly in the lateral directions, so as to preserve the shaped character of the electrical field pulse applied for printing.
  • a conductive sheet would destroy the integrity of the field shape in the region remote from the shaped electrode, such as between the sheet and a ground plate.
  • the printing ribbon of this invention accordingly employs a sheet of relatively insulating material such as paper, polyethylene terphthalate, polypropylene or the like. To this is applied a base coat which develops a rough outer surface of microscopic crags which present deep, rough and irregular pits or valleys capable of retaining the printing particles.
  • This rough surface provides not only a larger area than would a smooth surface, by a factor of about two to five times (based on squaring the linear measurements of the actual surface outline and of its projection, made from photomicrographs of cross sections of the sheet) but also cavities in the surface in which the particle may lie captive.
  • the printing particles are loosely retained on the surface and inv the pits or valleys, essentially by frictional and surface forces.
  • the base coat is conveniently formed form a mixture of an insulating filler material of particle size between about 5 and 175 microns and an insulating resin binder solution of high solvent content, e.g. over 50% by volume on the total mixture, and low resin content, e.g.
  • the base coat is applied to a thickness suitable to accomodate the largest filler particles in the final coating and is then dried, whereupon the evaporation of solvent leaves the above described rough microscopically craggy structure.
  • the printing particles preferably by forming a suspension of the particles, e. g. activated charcoal 0.25-15 microns in size in a nonsolvent for the base coating, to cover the base coatingcompletely.
  • the surface is gently brushed to remove excess printing particles that lie above the general top surface level of the base coating and to distribute the particles in irregular piles scattered over the surface of the base coat.
  • the printing particles not only fill the pits of the micro cavernous base coat but lie all over the surface in loose irregular piles.
  • a printing sheet as thus formed is well suited for use in the process described by I-Iaeberle et al.
  • FIG. 1 is a visualization, based on photomicrographs, of a cross section in elevation of the sheet of this invention at a magnification of about 1,000x;
  • FIG. 2 is a visualized enlargement of the circular area of FIG. 1 to a magnification of about 10,000x;
  • FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope at 1,000x magnification and 45 inclination, of the top surface of the base coat prior to the incorporation of printing particles.
  • the printing ribbon consists of a thin film 10 having on one surface a rough coating 12 which provides an outer surface of microscopically deep, rough and irregular contours presenting microscopic pits or valleys in which the printing particles 14 are retained. Typically these pits or valleys are about 10-50 microns in depth and across.
  • the nature of the coating is illustrated in some detail to show filler particles 15 in the resinous binder 16, the particles serving to define crags which impart the rough and irregular shaped to the surface.
  • the nature of the outer particulate surface in the final product is shown in the right hand part of FIG. 1 After Brushing, and a visualized enlargement thereof is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the printing particles are of the order of 12 microns or smaller and lie loosely on the coating, filling the pits or valleys and also scattered over the entire surface in irregular piles of more or less loose particles which remain in place apparently by surface'forces.
  • the presence of the scattered piles developed after brushing is believed to be important in the printing operation in that peaks or pinnacles are presented where particles would be most readily charged up upon application of electrical field pulse, and then dislodged and caused to move in the field.
  • the field forces tend to concentrate at the peaks or pinnacles and the effect of the field is greatest in these concentrated regions.
  • Methyl Ethyl Ketone 25 grams 60 grams opment of the above described microcavemous surface.
  • the sand particles develop crags with peaks correspondingto the diameter of the larger particles, and the crevices between these crags may have a coating thickness only the thickness of residual resin, or of the thickness of smaller particles. In this example the peak thickness of the coating will be up to 50 microns.
  • a carbon coating prepared by dispersing activated charcoal (Nuchar CN, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.) in methanol or ethanol in the weight ratio of 15 carbon: 85 solvent.
  • the dispersion is first ball milled to reduce the particles to 12 microns or less.
  • the carbon dispersion is then coated onto the previously coated film in theamount of 10 ouncesper 3,000 square feet and dried.
  • the dried coated film is illustrated in FIG. 1 on the left hand side Before Brushing.
  • the final step in the processing is to brush the coating. This may be accomplished with a rotary brush of 1 inch long bristles of approximately 50 denier orless. Brushing is carried out to remove the top surface of the particles and to cause a distribution in the nature of scattered piles as illustrated at the right hand side of FIG. 1 After Brushing and in FIG. 2. Brushing should be carried out to achieve the effect illustrated but should not be carried out to the point of exposing the underlying rough surface. An overall coating depth to a minimum of about 10 microns is normal for this example.
  • the sheet thus formed may be used directly in nonimpact electrical printing in the manner described by Haeberle et al. Pulses of the order of 1-2 microseconds and 800 volts will print distinct characters.
  • the base film and filled resin coating should be of relatively high resistivity such that the configuration of the electrical field pulse applied for printing is not disrupted or equalized by the interposition of an electrically conductive layer.
  • the'base film can be any of a number of synthetic organic resins as may the'surface coating, and the filler particles should be generally less than 50 microns in mean diameter, and preferably rough and irregular in shape. These particles are generally responsible for the rough and irregular nature of the surface and'should be selected so as to provide the microcavemous effect .described.
  • the printing particles should be relatively highly conductive in order to acquire the necessary electrical charge for printing, should be loosely applied, but not in intimate electrical contact, so that the high transverse resistivity of the sheet as a whole is preserved.
  • Suitable materials, in addition to charcoal, that may be employed include:
  • the printing sheet of this invention features a rough and irregular base surface of high lateral resistivity on and in which lie conductive particles of print material.
  • the base surface serves to retain the print materialwithin its surface irregularities, that is to say in the pits and crevices; and, being highly resistant laterally, it does not cause equalization of a shaped pulse.
  • the particles on the other hand, readily acquire a charge sufficient to move them from the base surface under the field of the printing pulse, and in accordance with the shape of that field.
  • the base surface, underlying and retaining the print particles may be any insulating resin with the filler particles geometrically arranged to present the rough microscopically craggy surface described, having an overall high lateral D.C. resistivity, with particles of low resistivity brushed over and in the crevices.
  • the print particles listed above include not only highly conductive materials such as carbon,.but also several semi-conductor materials such as CdS.
  • a criterion of the surface of the print ribbon or donor sheet of this invention is that the print particle carrying surface have alateral D.C. resistivity of at least 10 ohms per square.
  • a donor sheet useful in pulsed electrical printing comprising a base sheet having a microcavemous surface with pits-or valleys of about 10-50 microns across and 10-50 microns deep, and print particles having a conductivity at least that of a semi-conductor loosely lying on the surface in said pits or valleys, said particles being about 0.25-l5 microns across and present in quantity sufficient to effect printing by transfer of particles to an adjacent sheet upon imposition of an electrical pulse of about 800 volts for two microseconds, said sheet having a lateral surface D.C. resistivity of at least I0 ohms per square.
  • a donor sheet as defined by claim 1 wherein the base sheet surface comprises particles of filler 5-175 microns across, embedded in a synthetic organic insulatin resin, said resin being between 5 and 40% by weigit of the total resin plus filler.

Landscapes

  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US00216194A 1972-01-07 1972-01-07 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing Expired - Lifetime US3833409A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE793698D BE793698A (fr) 1972-01-07 Feuille emettrice pour dispositifs d'impression electrostatique
US00216194A US3833409A (en) 1972-01-07 1972-01-07 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing
IT34051/72A IT973254B (it) 1972-01-07 1972-12-29 Foglio donatore particolarmente utile nella stampa elettrica pulsata
NL7300179A NL7300179A (forum.php) 1972-01-07 1973-01-05
FR7300376A FR2167753B1 (forum.php) 1972-01-07 1973-01-05
CA160,651A CA996423A (en) 1972-01-07 1973-01-05 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing
GB82073A GB1391730A (en) 1972-01-07 1973-01-05 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing
DE2300783A DE2300783A1 (de) 1972-01-07 1973-01-08 Druckpartikel abgebendes blatt oder band fuer elektroimpulsdruck
JP48004754A JPS512008B2 (forum.php) 1972-01-07 1973-01-08

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00216194A US3833409A (en) 1972-01-07 1972-01-07 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3833409A true US3833409A (en) 1974-09-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00216194A Expired - Lifetime US3833409A (en) 1972-01-07 1972-01-07 Donor sheet for pulsed electrical printing

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3833409A (forum.php)
JP (1) JPS512008B2 (forum.php)
BE (1) BE793698A (forum.php)
CA (1) CA996423A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE2300783A1 (forum.php)
FR (1) FR2167753B1 (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1391730A (forum.php)
IT (1) IT973254B (forum.php)
NL (1) NL7300179A (forum.php)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4243726A (en) * 1978-06-28 1981-01-06 Epp Corp. Structured donor sheet for high-resolution non-impact printer
US4376943A (en) * 1981-06-18 1983-03-15 International Business Machines Corporation Record carrier for an electro-erosion printer and method for making same
US4818544A (en) * 1986-05-27 1989-04-04 Mars G. B. Limited Beverage packages
US4857398A (en) * 1982-09-07 1989-08-15 Dennison Manufacturing Company Electrosensitive recording
WO1998052746A1 (en) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Permacharge Corporation Electreet film composition adapted for printing on inkjet printers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2514003A1 (de) * 1975-03-29 1976-10-07 Triumph Werke Nuernberg Ag Uebertragungsmittel, vorzugsweise in blatt- oder bandform, zur verwendung bei einem verfahren zum direkten elektrostatischen aufzeichnen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3550153A (en) * 1967-12-27 1970-12-22 Carter S Ink Co High speed non-impact printing
US3617328A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-11-02 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Transfer elements and method of making same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617328A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-11-02 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Transfer elements and method of making same
US3550153A (en) * 1967-12-27 1970-12-22 Carter S Ink Co High speed non-impact printing

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4243726A (en) * 1978-06-28 1981-01-06 Epp Corp. Structured donor sheet for high-resolution non-impact printer
US4376943A (en) * 1981-06-18 1983-03-15 International Business Machines Corporation Record carrier for an electro-erosion printer and method for making same
US4857398A (en) * 1982-09-07 1989-08-15 Dennison Manufacturing Company Electrosensitive recording
US4818544A (en) * 1986-05-27 1989-04-04 Mars G. B. Limited Beverage packages
WO1998052746A1 (en) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Permacharge Corporation Electreet film composition adapted for printing on inkjet printers
US5989685A (en) * 1997-05-20 1999-11-23 Permacharge Corporation Electreet film composition adapted for printing on inkjet printers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7300179A (forum.php) 1973-07-10
GB1391730A (en) 1975-04-23
JPS512008B2 (forum.php) 1976-01-22
IT973254B (it) 1974-06-10
DE2300783A1 (de) 1973-08-02
CA996423A (en) 1976-09-07
FR2167753B1 (forum.php) 1977-07-22
FR2167753A1 (forum.php) 1973-08-24
BE793698A (fr) 1973-05-02
JPS4879018A (forum.php) 1973-10-23

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