US3833337A - Flarestacks - Google Patents

Flarestacks Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3833337A
US3833337A US00245223A US24522372A US3833337A US 3833337 A US3833337 A US 3833337A US 00245223 A US00245223 A US 00245223A US 24522372 A US24522372 A US 24522372A US 3833337 A US3833337 A US 3833337A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
high pressure
pressure gas
coanda
gas conduit
conduit line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00245223A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
D Desty
C Young
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP PLC
Original Assignee
BP PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BP PLC filed Critical BP PLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3833337A publication Critical patent/US3833337A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/07—Coanda

Definitions

  • the feature of the invention is a self adjusting slot between the Coanda surface and gas inlet which adjusts itself automatically to the flow rate of high pressure wm 1 ,7 M 1 21 a /7 H36 1 vaO 3/ "5 w m 5 4 2 W O 8 5 UO 4 m w m m3 m m mu m mh m mfi u 6 "e m mM l C um S ud U IF gas so that a substantially constant pressure is maintained.
  • PAIENTEUSEP 31974 SHEET 10? 4 PATENTEDSEP 31924 3%3337 sneer 3dr 4 FLARESTACKS' This invention relates to a burner for disposing of waste combustible gas, and in particular it relates to the disposal of waste petroleum gas.
  • turndown range is the ratio of the maximum achievable heat input to the burner without loss of combustion divided by the minimum heat input thereto.
  • the low throughput limit of a Coanda flare with a fixed slot occurs at about 70 kN/m and so, normally, turn down is obtained by using a high maximum pressure (say 550-650 kN/m giving a turn down of about 3:1).
  • a high maximum pressure say 550-650 kN/m giving a turn down of about 3:1.
  • high maximum operating pressures have two disadvantages sometimes the gas is not available at sufficient pressure to give the necessary turn down, and also the noise from the flare increases with the applied pressure.
  • a flarestack burner tip comprising a feed line for a high pressure gas and a Coanda body as hereinbefore defined having a Coanda surface as hereinbefore defined positioned across the outlet of the high pressure gas line the curved director surface Of the Coanda body initiating flow of gas and air along the surface of the Coanda body, there being a self-adjusting slot between the Coanda surface and the high pressure gas line.
  • self adjusting slot we mean a slot which adjusts itself automatically to the flow rate of high pressure gas so that the pressure of the high pressure gas remains approximately constant on the emerging from the slot.
  • the high pressure gas may be a fuel gas or it may be steam. Preferably it emerges from the feed line at a pressure in the range to 300 kN/m If the high pressure gas is fuel gas then preferably the Coanda body includes an internal passage adapted to supply fuel gas at a low pressure into the flow of high pressure gas and air.
  • the Coanda body must contain such a passageway.
  • the Coanda body is allowed to float on the gas stream, as in an air bearing.
  • Theslot will then open up to pass any required flow at constant pressure.
  • this system only allows low operating pressures unless the body is ballasted to a high all up weight.
  • an external load acts on the Coanda body through a mechanical advantage inserted between the load and the Coanda body, thus allowing the load necessary to be reduced by the appropriate ratio.
  • the connection may be hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical. This has the double advantage of removing the dead weight from the top of the flarestack and reducing theload required. In the case of remote hydraulic or pneumatic control, the pressure/flow characteristics of the flare could be altered as required.
  • the load on the Coanda body may be increased by fitting a spring which urges the Coanda surface against the high pressure gas inlet.
  • the properties of the spring must be such that the Coanda surface is lifted off the inlet to form the slot when high pressure fuel gas or steam is introduced.
  • the adjustable slot is provided by fitting a bellows joint in the feed pipe just below the slot. This allows gas adjustment to be made simply without movement of the tip itself, since the pressure on the lip of the slot can be made to open this slot to the required width.
  • springs are used in parallel with the bellows. This use of additional springs is a convenient way of obtaining the required slot closure pressure for a particular application and has the advantages that i.
  • the bellows are working at lower stress levels making possible a longer working life.
  • the initial portion of the director surface is the surface of revolution formed by the rotation of a quadrant of a circle about the longitudinal axis of the Coanda body, the curved section of the quadrant being tangential to the slot. This produces a zone of low pressure into which surrounding atmospheric air flows.
  • the low pressure zone contains gas with high kinetic energy.
  • the final portion of the director body is shaped so as to reduce the kinetic energy and increase the pressure of the gas, e.g., the final portion of the director body is tapered.
  • the invention also includes a method for disposing of waste combustible gas by use of a flarestack burner tip as hereinbefore described.
  • FIGS. 1 4 of the drawing accompanying the provisional specification and FIG. of the complete specification.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of a flarestack burner tip constructed in accordance with the invention, illustrating the Coanda body portion thereof in a free floating position over a high pressure fuel gas outlet to provide a fuel gas outlet slot that is self-adjustable according to the flow rate of the gas;
  • FIG. 2 is a viewsimilar to that of FIG. 1, illustrating a first alternative embodiment of a flarestack burner tip constructed in accordance with the invention, the view illustrating a hydraulic system for applying an add'itional load to the Coanda body portion of the burner p;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, illustrating a second alternative embodiment of a flarestack burner tip constructed in accordance with the invention, the view illustrating a spring member applying an additional load to the Coanda body portion of the burner tip;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of a third alternative embodiment of a flarestack burner constructed in accordance with the invention, illustrating the Coanda body portion of the burner mounted in a fixed position while a bellows section provided in the gas outlet line permits the gas outlet slot to be self-adjustable responsive to the gas flow-rate;
  • the flarestack tip comprises a Coanda bodyl and a line 2 for the supply of high pressure fuel gas.
  • a slot 3 opens up between the body 1 and the line 2.
  • the body 1 has a director surface comprising two portions 4 and 5 which merge into one another.
  • 4 is a deflector portion which turns the direction of the high pressure gas from horizontal to vertical and 5 is a tapered portion which modifies the flow between the deflector portion 4 and the top of the body 1.
  • the shape of the deflector portion 4 is most conveniently specified as the surface of revolution formed by the rotation of a quadrant of a circle about the longitudinal axis of the Coanda body, the curved section of the quadrant being tangential to the slot; as shown in the drawings the distance between the axis of rotation and the centre of the quadrant is equal of the radius of the quadrant.
  • the shape of the tapered portion 5 is that of a frustum of a cone.
  • the body 1 is positioned within the line 2 by a guide 6.
  • the body 1 is free floating.
  • PA W where P is the pressure of the gas in the seat pipe, A is the cross section of the pipe and W is the weight of the body 1.
  • a load 10 is applied to the piston 11 of a narrow hydraulic cylinder 12.
  • the body 1 is connected to the piston 13 of a wide hydraulic cylinder 14.
  • a line 15 transfers hydraulic pressure between the cylinders 12 and 14.
  • a spring 20 urges the body 1 towards the line 2 and opposes the lifting action of the high pressure gas.
  • the line 2 contains a spring bellows section 30 just below its outlet. If the pressure of emerging gas increases, then the slot 3 widens, i.e., relative motion between the body 1 and the line 2 takes place. However, in the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1-3, it is the body which has moved and the line which has remained fixed. In the FIG. 4 embodiment, the body remains fixed, almost all of the line 2 remains fixed and the relative motion is accomodated by contraction of the bellows 30. Conversely, a diminution of pressure results in an expansion of the bellows. Using this method, the diameter of the outer tube 2 at the gas exit slot 3 must exceed the diameter of the bellows 30 so the force due to the gas pressure on the slot-3 exceeds the force opening the bellows 30 by internal pressure.-
  • additional springs 40 assist the bellows 30 in its slot closure action. They act in parallel with the bellows 30 and are attached to the line 2 above and below the bellows 30. By appropriate adjustment of the strength of the springs 40, variations in flare specification and bellows manufacture may be allowed for.
  • the large screws 16 allow spring compression and adjustment.
  • FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings there is illustrated a fixed Coanda body 1 and a high pressure gas line 2 containing a bellows section 30, all in a similar manner to that shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, and including a low pressure fuel gas conduit line 50 extending internally through the Coanda body 1. It will be understood from the preceding discussion that a low pressure fuel gas flowing through the internal conduit 50 exits at 51 to be subsequently mixed with the flow of high pressure gas and entrained atmospheric air exiting from the Coanda body for combustion.
  • a flarestack burner tip comprising:
  • Coanda body positioned over the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit line, said Coanda body having an external deflector surface positioned adjacent to and extending completely across the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit line,
  • said deflector surface including a substantially horizontal portion adapted to form a circumferentially extending slot with the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit upon said Coanda body being spaced therefrom and a curved portion extending outwardly from said high pressure gas conduit line and tangentially to said horizontal portion, said slot adapted to direct high pressure gas over said curved portion of said Coanda deflector surface;
  • said Coanda body is fixedly mounted with respect to said high pressure gas conduit line and the latter includes a flexible bellows section pemitting the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit line to freely move toward and away from said Coanda body responsive to the pressure of the flow of said high pressure gas to thereby maintain a substantially constant pressure on the gas passing through said slot.
  • a flarestack burner tip comprising:
  • a high pressure gas conduit line tenninating in a generally vertical portion a Coanda body positioned over the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit line, said Coanda body having an external deflector surface positioned adjacent to and extending completely across the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit line, said deflector surface including a substantially horizontal portion adapted to form a circumferen tially extending slot with the upper end of said high pressure gas conduit upon said Coanda body being spaced therefrom, a curved portion extending outwardly from said high pressure gas conduit line and tangentially to said horizontal portion, and terminating in a tapered portion extending in a general vertical direction tangentially to said curved deflector surface portion, said slot adapted to direct high pressure gas over said curved portion of said Coanda deflector surface; said Coanda body further including a low pressure fuel gas conduit line extending internally through said Coanda body adapted to supply a low pressure fuel gas into the flow of high pressure fuel gas and entrained atmospheric air from the external surface of said

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
US00245223A 1971-04-29 1972-04-18 Flarestacks Expired - Lifetime US3833337A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1206971A GB1383294A (en) 1971-04-29 1971-04-29 Flarestacks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3833337A true US3833337A (en) 1974-09-03

Family

ID=9997878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00245223A Expired - Lifetime US3833337A (en) 1971-04-29 1972-04-18 Flarestacks

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3833337A (nl)
JP (1) JPS5322692B1 (nl)
BE (1) BE782841A (nl)
CA (1) CA948097A (nl)
FR (1) FR2136650A5 (nl)
GB (1) GB1383294A (nl)
IT (1) IT958558B (nl)
NL (1) NL164653C (nl)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915622A (en) * 1973-09-18 1975-10-28 British Petroleum Co Flare
US3950125A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-04-13 Noralco Overseas, Inc. Burners
US4019852A (en) * 1974-10-23 1977-04-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Quiet and smokeless flaring of off-gases containing hydrocarbons
US4021189A (en) * 1975-01-16 1977-05-03 Porta-Test Manufacturing Ltd. Gas burner
US4073613A (en) * 1974-06-25 1978-02-14 The British Petroleum Company Limited Flarestack Coanda burners with self-adjusting slot at pressure outlet
US4099908A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-07-11 Martin Josef Beckmann Low pressure gas burner
US4634372A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-01-06 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Flare
WO1998058209A1 (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Envirowaste Services Limited Landfill gas flare
US20040110105A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Rajewski Robert C. Flare stack operating on coanda principle
US20060105276A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 James Wilkins Linear Coanda flare methods and apparatus
US20070281266A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-12-06 Rajewski Robert C Flare stack
US8337197B2 (en) * 2006-06-14 2012-12-25 John Zink Company, Llc Coanda gas burner apparatus and methods
CN103486588A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-01-01 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 音速自动可调火炬燃烧系统
US20150211735A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2015-07-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner
CN105180182A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 放喷气处理用狭长孔燃烧器
CN105222139A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2016-01-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 采用狭长孔燃烧器的地面火炬
GB2529610A (en) * 2014-06-19 2016-03-02 E M & I Maritime Ltd Method and apparatus
US20160178197A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Oil/Gas Burners and Method
US20160290637A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Honeywell International Inc. Burner for flare stack
GB2523020B (en) * 2012-12-06 2017-09-20 Schlumberger Holdings Multiphase flare for effluent flow
US9791067B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-17 Steffes Corporation Flare tip valve dampening
US11067272B2 (en) * 2019-04-24 2021-07-20 Cimarron Tandem flare
US20220325798A1 (en) * 2019-09-05 2022-10-13 John Zink Company, Llc Flare tip having reduced gas leakage
US11655978B2 (en) * 2019-02-20 2023-05-23 Moneyhun Equipment Sales & Services Co. Flare tip assembly
US11859815B2 (en) 2021-05-18 2024-01-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Flare control at well sites

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1453440A (en) * 1973-01-18 1976-10-20 Flaregas Eng Ltd Apparatus for use in the disposal of waste gas
GB8332747D0 (en) * 1983-12-08 1984-01-18 British Petroleum Co Plc Flare
RU2626805C1 (ru) * 2016-03-18 2017-08-01 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Форсунка кочетова
RU2668904C1 (ru) * 2018-02-13 2018-10-04 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Форсунка пневматическая
RU2667277C1 (ru) * 2018-02-26 2018-09-18 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Пневматическая форсунка

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1628823A (en) * 1924-09-29 1927-05-17 Chester Thomas Self-flushing atomizing nozzle
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner
US3419339A (en) * 1967-02-08 1968-12-31 Hauck Mfg Co Inspirator assembly
US3628737A (en) * 1970-10-02 1971-12-21 American Air Filter Co Fuel nozzle
US3695820A (en) * 1969-04-19 1972-10-03 Ivor Hawkes Gas burners

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1628823A (en) * 1924-09-29 1927-05-17 Chester Thomas Self-flushing atomizing nozzle
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner
US3419339A (en) * 1967-02-08 1968-12-31 Hauck Mfg Co Inspirator assembly
US3695820A (en) * 1969-04-19 1972-10-03 Ivor Hawkes Gas burners
US3628737A (en) * 1970-10-02 1971-12-21 American Air Filter Co Fuel nozzle

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915622A (en) * 1973-09-18 1975-10-28 British Petroleum Co Flare
US3950125A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-04-13 Noralco Overseas, Inc. Burners
US4073613A (en) * 1974-06-25 1978-02-14 The British Petroleum Company Limited Flarestack Coanda burners with self-adjusting slot at pressure outlet
US4019852A (en) * 1974-10-23 1977-04-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Quiet and smokeless flaring of off-gases containing hydrocarbons
US4021189A (en) * 1975-01-16 1977-05-03 Porta-Test Manufacturing Ltd. Gas burner
US4099908A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-07-11 Martin Josef Beckmann Low pressure gas burner
US4634372A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-01-06 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Flare
WO1998058209A1 (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Envirowaste Services Limited Landfill gas flare
US20040110105A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Rajewski Robert C. Flare stack operating on coanda principle
US6960075B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2005-11-01 Rajewski Robert C Flare stack operating on Coanda principle
US20060105276A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 James Wilkins Linear Coanda flare methods and apparatus
US20070281266A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-12-06 Rajewski Robert C Flare stack
US8337197B2 (en) * 2006-06-14 2012-12-25 John Zink Company, Llc Coanda gas burner apparatus and methods
US8568134B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2013-10-29 John Zink Company, Llc Coanda gas burner apparatus and methods
US20150211735A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2015-07-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shrouded-coanda multiphase burner
GB2523020B (en) * 2012-12-06 2017-09-20 Schlumberger Holdings Multiphase flare for effluent flow
CN103486588A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-01-01 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 音速自动可调火炬燃烧系统
CN103486588B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2015-10-07 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 音速自动可调火炬燃烧系统
GB2529610B (en) * 2014-06-19 2020-10-21 E M & I Maritime Ltd Method and apparatus for installing a flare tip
GB2529610A (en) * 2014-06-19 2016-03-02 E M & I Maritime Ltd Method and apparatus
US9791067B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-17 Steffes Corporation Flare tip valve dampening
US20160178197A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Oil/Gas Burners and Method
US20160290637A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Honeywell International Inc. Burner for flare stack
US9816704B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2017-11-14 Honeywell International Inc. Burner for flare stack
CN105180182A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 放喷气处理用狭长孔燃烧器
CN105222139B (zh) * 2015-10-13 2017-11-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 采用狭长孔燃烧器的地面火炬
CN105222139A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2016-01-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 采用狭长孔燃烧器的地面火炬
US11655978B2 (en) * 2019-02-20 2023-05-23 Moneyhun Equipment Sales & Services Co. Flare tip assembly
US11067272B2 (en) * 2019-04-24 2021-07-20 Cimarron Tandem flare
US20220325798A1 (en) * 2019-09-05 2022-10-13 John Zink Company, Llc Flare tip having reduced gas leakage
US11859815B2 (en) 2021-05-18 2024-01-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Flare control at well sites

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2220884A1 (de) 1973-07-26
CA948097A (en) 1974-05-28
NL164653C (nl) 1981-01-15
BE782841A (fr) 1972-10-30
IT958558B (it) 1973-10-30
GB1383294A (en) 1974-02-12
NL7205704A (nl) 1972-10-31
FR2136650A5 (nl) 1972-12-22
DE2220884B2 (de) 1977-06-30
NL164653B (nl) 1980-08-15
JPS5322692B1 (nl) 1978-07-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3833337A (en) Flarestacks
CA1086631A (en) Flare
US3915622A (en) Flare
US4073613A (en) Flarestack Coanda burners with self-adjusting slot at pressure outlet
US4466363A (en) Method of igniting a pulverized coal annular burner flame
US3486834A (en) Gas burning system arrangement
US4021189A (en) Gas burner
GB1219743A (en) A device for burning away waste crude oil produced when investigating or testing oil or petroleum wells
US4434747A (en) Burner-tilt drive apparatus for a pulverized coal fired steam generator
US3840320A (en) Flarestack combustion method
US3864072A (en) Combustion system for Flare Gas
US3674413A (en) Portable lighter for firing oil field heaters and emulsion treaters
US3709654A (en) Burner
GB2082754A (en) Burner System
NO148099B (no) Teleskoperbar foeringsstamme for husholdningsapparater
US20070281266A1 (en) Flare stack
NO158268B (no) Fakkel.
GB1585410A (en) Burner
US4548576A (en) Flame stabilizer
US1932321A (en) Gas burner
US4621582A (en) Coal burner
CN203571748U (zh) 无级自动调节火炬燃烧器
RU93497U1 (ru) Газовая горелка
RU2814993C1 (ru) Факельная установка (варианты)
US3266736A (en) Liquefied petroleum gas burner