US3830428A - Plasma torches - Google Patents

Plasma torches Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3830428A
US3830428A US00334555A US33455573A US3830428A US 3830428 A US3830428 A US 3830428A US 00334555 A US00334555 A US 00334555A US 33455573 A US33455573 A US 33455573A US 3830428 A US3830428 A US 3830428A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
constrictor
sleeve
plasma torch
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00334555A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
G Dyos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricity Council
Original Assignee
Electricity Council
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricity Council filed Critical Electricity Council
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830428A publication Critical patent/US3830428A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • KJHBHQQ mates rater 1 1 1111 3,830,428 Dyos l l Aug. 20, 1974 [54]
  • Inventor Gmdo Thomas Capenhursh 3,534,388 10/1970 21 9 121 P England
  • Assignee The Electricity Council, London, ri y EXamin@rM- Henson WOOd,
  • ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data A method of cooling the nozzle of a plasma torch by Feb. 23 1972 Great Britain 8302/72 forcing Water through the Porous wall of the constric' tor tube of the nozzle. This method results in a num- [52] US. Cl. 239/11, 219/121 P, 239/13, ber of advantages Over the use Of a ranspiring gas, in-
  • the nozzle of a plasma torch is formed to provide a throat leading to a bore. That part of the nozzle in which the bore is formed is known as, a constrictor tube.
  • a method of cooling the nozzle of a plasma torch comprises the step of forcing water through the porous material into the bore of the nozzle while the plasma torch is in use.
  • a plasma torch provided with a nozzle having a porous constrictor tube, comprises means for supplying water to the outside of the constrictor tube, and pumping means for raising the pressure of the water so supplied to a predetermined value.
  • the pore size of the material is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1500 microns and more preferably is microns.
  • the constrictor tube may be formed from a ceramic material.
  • the throat portion may be removably sealed within a sleeve of the torch and have a peripheral recess which forms, with the inside surface of the sleeve, a cavity for the flow therethrough of cooling water.
  • cooling water may pass through the wall of the sleeve via inlet and outlet pipes for circulation around the peripheral recess, and the throat portion may be removed from the sleeve without any disturbance of the cooling system.
  • the constrictor tube is removable and the throat portion is formed having a first part and a second part, the second part being disposed between the first part and the constrictor tube and being separable from the first part and removable from the torch, and the first part being formed with the peripheral recess and being removably sealed within the sleeve.
  • the constrictor tube can be replaced by a tube of the required bore size, and the second part of the throat portion can be replaced by a corresponding part having an appropriate configuration for matching the first part to the replacement constrictor tube.
  • the boundary between the plasma arc and surrounding layer of partially vaporized water is more sharply defined than when using a transpiring gas.
  • the increased power density of the arc resulting from the constriction by the transpiring water (partially vaporized) enables the torch to be used to obtain an improved quality of cut compared with conventional water-cooled arcs and gas transpiration-cooled arcs. Also, the maximum linear rate of cutting at which acceptable cut quality is achieved is greater than that for such arcs.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly cut-away schematic representation of a plasma torch
  • FIG. 2 is a partly schematic longitudinal section in the region of the nozzle assembly of the torch of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a corresponding section showing a modification of the nozzle of FIG. 2.
  • a plasma torch indicated generally at 10, comprises a torch body 11 within which is mounted a water-cooled cathode 12.
  • the cooling of the cathode is by conventional water-cooling, water being supplied via inlet pipe 13 and being returned via outlet pipe 14, disposed at the top of the plasma torch.
  • the cathode has a conical portion ending in a radiussed tip 16.
  • the conical portion 15 is disposed within a conical throat portion 17 of a nozzle assembly of the plasma torch.
  • the conical throat leads into a cylindrical bore in a constrictor tube portion 18 which is coaxial with the throat portion 17.
  • the throat portion 17 is formed of copper and includes an internal annular cavity 19 for the flow of water to cool the cathode in a conventional manner.
  • the constrictor tube portion 18 is formed from a tube of porous ceramic material around which is an annular cavity 20 connected via an inlet pipe 21 to a pump 22 for controlling the supply of water at a pressure in the region of 300 lbs/sq. in for transpiration cooling of the constrictor tube portion.
  • the throat portion 17 basically comprises an upper horizontal disc having a large central hole therein, a lower horizontal disc of the same radius as the upper disc and having a small central hole therein, and a conical wall which joins the peripheryof the large central hole to the periphery of the small central hole.
  • the throat portion 17 is mounted within a sleeve 23 being sealed to the inside surface thereof by means of an upper O-ring 24 fitted in a peripheral groove in the rim of the upper disc, and by means of a lower O-ring 25 fitted in a peripheral groove in the rim of the lower disc.
  • the upper and lower discs and the conical wall form a peripheral recess which becomes the cavity 19 when bounded by the inside surface of the sleeve 23.
  • An inlet pipe 26 and an outlet pipe 27 sealed to the sleeve 23 communicate with the cavity 19 for the flow and return of cooling water.
  • the body 11 has a short downwardly extending annular wall 28 fitting within the sleeve 23 and forming an abutment for defining the uppermost position of the throat portion 17.
  • the throat portion 17 is retained within sleeve 23 by means of a retaining ring 29 fitting in a recess extending around the inside surface of the sleeve 23.
  • An insulating sleeve 30 fits around the outside of sleeve 23 and has at its lower edge an inwardly directed flange 31 with a central circular aperture of slightly less diameter than the inside diameter of sleeve 23.
  • a cap 32 is screwed to the insulating sleeve 30.
  • a retaining cap 33 is screwedinto cap 32 and maintains the tube of porous ceramic material, forming the constrictor tube 18, pressed upwardly against the lower surface of the throat portion 17 which is in turn pressed upwardly against wall 28.
  • a seal 34 is provided at the upper surface of the tube 18, and also between the lower surface and the retaining cap 33.
  • the diameter of the small central hole in the lower horizontal disc of the throat portion 17 is the same as the diameter of the bore of the constrictor tube 18, and the retaining cap 33 has an exit hole 35 coaxial with, and of the same diameter as the bore of the constrictor tube 18, and having its lower peripheral edge flared.
  • Inlet pipe 21 communicates with the top of a vertical channel 37 in the wall of sleeve 23.
  • the top of channel 37 is otherwise blind and its bottom opens into a shallow annular recess 38 in the upper surface of the flange 31.
  • a series of small bores 39 lead from the recess 38 into the annular cavity 20 between the constrictor tube l8 and the flange 31.
  • the bores 39 are angled at to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 2 in which the throat portion 17 is formed of upper and lower parts 17a and 171) respectively, and has a different throat configuration.
  • the upper throat portion 17a is formed basically as the throat portion 17 shown in FIG. 2 but differs in that the aperture at the lower end is larger and is threaded to receive the lower throat portion 17b and in that the wall joining the upper and lower discs extends axially and turns inwardly at its lower end to form with a corresponding portion of the lower throat portion 17b, an inwardly directed shoulder 40 which leads into the conical throat 41 of the lower throat portion 17b.
  • the conical throat 41 corresponds to the lower part of the throat portion 17.
  • An O-ring seal 42 is provided between throat portions 17a and 17b.
  • the bore size of a plasma torch may readily be changed by the replacement of the lower throat portion 17b, the constrictor tube 18 and the retaining cap 33, by the equivalent items for the different bore size.
  • the porosity of the ceramic material is selected not so small as to require too high a supply pressure for the transpiring water, yet not so large as to introduce too much water into the constrictor bore.
  • a preferred range of pore size is from 1.5 to 1500 microns.
  • the most preferred pore size is 15 microns at which a suitable flow rate for the transpiring water is ml/min for a bore diameter of 5 mm, and under these conditions the constriction ratio is in the region of 3 to l, in other words the arc becomes constricted by the partially vaporized water and its effective diameter is approximately one-third of the diameter of the bore of the constrictor tube.
  • the constrictor tube By forming the constrictor tube from a ceramic material, any tendency of the plasma torch to produce a double arc is greatly reduced. However, if it is not required to take advantage of this feature of the ceramic constrictor tube, then the tube may be formed from another porous material, for example, a sintered metal.
  • the bore of the constrictor tube may be profiled in order to obtain a degree of focussing such that the arc diameter is reduced in the region at, or adjacent, the exit of the bore.
  • a method of cooling the nozzle of a plasma torch comprising the steps of providing a plasma torch having a constrictor tube formed of porous material, providing a supply of working medium for the plasma torch, operating the plasma torch in a manner to produce a constricted plasma arc jet, and forcing water through the porous constrictor tube into the bore of the tube whereby the plasma arc column in the constrictor tube becomes highly constricted and of increased energy density.
  • a plasma torch including a constrictor tube formed of a porous material and a means for providing a supply of working fluid to the torch to produce a plasma arc jet
  • the improvement comprising means for providing a supply of water to the outside of said constrictor tube and pumping means for raising the pressure of the water so supplied to a predetermined value to force the water through the walls of said porous constrictor tube into the bore thereof whereby the plasma arc column in the constrictor tube becomes further constricted and of increased energy density.
  • a plasma torch provided with a nozzle having a constrictor tube formed of a porous material, and comprising means for supplying water to the outside of the constrictor tube, pumping means for raising the pressure of the water so supplied to a predetermined value, and having a sleeve fitting coaxially around the nozzle and wherein the nozzle has a throat portion removably sealed within the sleeve and having a peripheral recess which forms, with the inside surface of the sleeve, a cavity for the flow therethrough of cooling water.
  • a plasma torch provided with a nozzle having a throat portion and a porous ceramic constrictor tube, and including: a sleeve fitting around the nozzle, the
  • throat portion having an O-ring seal at each of two axially-spaced positions on the peripheral surface thereof, the O-ring seals engaging the inside surface of the sleeve, the throat portion also having a peripheral recess disposed between the O-ring seals; an inlet tube and an outlet tube communicating through the sleeve with the peripheral recess for flow and return of a coolant thereto; an annular groove in the inside surface of the sleeve disposed below the throat portion, a retaining ring fitting within the annular groove and retaining the throat portion within the sleeve; a stop within the sleeve above the throat portion for limiting the upward movement thereof, a screw cap mounted for axial movement relative to the sleeve and having a coaxial central aperture corresponding to the bore of the constrictor tube; a seal between the screw cap and the lower end of the constrictor tube; a seal between the upper end of the constrictor tube and the lower end of the throat portion; an annular cavity around the constrictor
  • a plasma torch as claimed in claim 8 wherein the throat portion is formed having a first part and a second part, the second part being disposed between the first part and the constrictor tube and being removeably sealed to the first part, and the first part being formed with the peripheral recess and carrying the O-ring seals.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
US00334555A 1972-02-23 1973-02-22 Plasma torches Expired - Lifetime US3830428A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB830272A GB1380966A (en) 1972-02-23 1972-02-23 Plasma torches

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3830428A true US3830428A (en) 1974-08-20

Family

ID=9849919

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00334555A Expired - Lifetime US3830428A (en) 1972-02-23 1973-02-22 Plasma torches

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3830428A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS4899060A (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE795891A (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA971633A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2309188A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2173228B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1380966A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT977878B (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7302485A (OSRAM)

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4119876A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-10-10 Valentin Ostapovich German Electrode structure for an electric discharge device
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor
US4282418A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Plasma torch for micro-plasma welding
US4330700A (en) * 1980-03-25 1982-05-18 Peter Jagieniak Plasmaburner with contact protection
US4430546A (en) 1981-08-14 1984-02-07 Metco, Inc. Plasma spray gun nozzle
US4455470A (en) * 1981-08-14 1984-06-19 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Plasma spray gun nozzle and coolant deionizer
US4463245A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-07-31 Weldtronic Limited Plasma cutting and welding torches with improved nozzle electrode cooling
US4650953A (en) * 1984-10-11 1987-03-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Plasma torch
US4656330A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-04-07 Plasma Materials Plasma jet torch having converging anode and gas vortex in its nozzle for arc constriction
US4672171A (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-06-09 United Centrifugal Pumps Plasma transfer welded arc torch
US5444209A (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-08-22 Miller Thermal, Inc. Dimensionally stable subsonic plasma arc spray gun with long wearing electrodes
WO1995033362A1 (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-12-07 Universite De Sherbrooke Liquid film stabilized induction plasma torch
EP0696477A3 (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-07-17 Praxair Technology Inc Laminar flow protection of a fluid jet
EP0720868A3 (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-04-16 Air Prod & Chem Method and device for protecting a turbulent gas jet
US6013893A (en) * 1997-04-18 2000-01-11 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Plasma burner with a fluid-cooled anode
US6087616A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-07-11 Apunevich; Alexandr Ivanovich Method for the plasmic arc-welding of metals
US6156994A (en) * 1997-03-03 2000-12-05 Apunevich; Alexandr Ivanovich Arc-plasma method for welding metals
US20020100751A1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2002-08-01 Carr Jeffrey W. Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification
WO2007028179A1 (de) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Fronius International Gmbh Wasserdampf-schneidverfahren und brenner hierzu
US20080029485A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2008-02-07 Rapt Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods for Precision Plasma Processing
US20080035612A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2008-02-14 Rapt Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods Utilizing an Aperture with a Reactive Atom Plasma Torch
US20080099441A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2008-05-01 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for reactive atom plasma processing for material deposition
US20080295965A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2008-12-04 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Plasma processing apparatus
US7510664B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2009-03-31 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for shaping of damage free surfaces
US20090200032A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US20090206721A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-20 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch
US20100252537A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2010-10-07 Atomic Energy Council - Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Steam plasma torch
US20100276397A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electrically isolated gas cups for plasma transfer arc welding torches, and related methods
US8785808B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-07-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US8810122B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2014-08-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US8833054B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-09-16 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for lean combustion with plasma from an electrical arc
US8904749B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-12-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Inductively coupled plasma arc device
US9185787B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-11-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9230777B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US9445488B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-09-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US9499443B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2016-11-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9516736B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-12-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US9560731B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-01-31 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma Arc Whirl filter press
US9699879B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-07-04 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9761413B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-09-12 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US10244614B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2019-03-26 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for plasma arc welding ceramics and sapphire
US10267106B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-04-23 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for treating mining byproducts
US10368557B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2019-08-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source
CN110146893A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-20 南昌航空大学 一种基于双耳效应的一体式焊缝位置检测装置
EP4037440A4 (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-11-16 Fuji Corporation PLASMA GENERATING DEVICE AND PLASMA TREATMENT METHOD
US11806686B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2023-11-07 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2217278C2 (ru) * 2000-09-04 2003-11-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Белоярский экспериментально-инструментальный завод" Горелка для плазменной обработки материалов
RU2198772C1 (ru) * 2001-05-28 2003-02-20 Пермский государственный технический университет Плазмотрон
RU2278327C1 (ru) * 2005-05-13 2006-06-20 Ооо "Плазариум" Горелка
RU2278328C1 (ru) * 2005-05-13 2006-06-20 Ооо "Плазариум" Горелка

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311735A (en) * 1964-05-21 1967-03-28 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating heat
US3376468A (en) * 1965-10-11 1968-04-02 Northern Natural Gas Method and apparatus for heating gases to high temperatures
US3534388A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-10-13 Hitachi Ltd Plasma jet cutting process
US3533756A (en) * 1966-11-15 1970-10-13 Hercules Inc Solids arc reactor method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1075765B (de) * 1957-02-20 1960-02-18 Union Carbide Corporation, New York, N. Y. (V. St. A.) Lichtbogenbrenner mit nicht abschmelzender Elektrode und gasumhülltem, eingeschnürtem Lichtbogen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311735A (en) * 1964-05-21 1967-03-28 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating heat
US3376468A (en) * 1965-10-11 1968-04-02 Northern Natural Gas Method and apparatus for heating gases to high temperatures
US3533756A (en) * 1966-11-15 1970-10-13 Hercules Inc Solids arc reactor method
US3534388A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-10-13 Hitachi Ltd Plasma jet cutting process

Cited By (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor
US4119876A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-10-10 Valentin Ostapovich German Electrode structure for an electric discharge device
US4282418A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Plasma torch for micro-plasma welding
US4330700A (en) * 1980-03-25 1982-05-18 Peter Jagieniak Plasmaburner with contact protection
US4430546A (en) 1981-08-14 1984-02-07 Metco, Inc. Plasma spray gun nozzle
US4455470A (en) * 1981-08-14 1984-06-19 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Plasma spray gun nozzle and coolant deionizer
US4463245A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-07-31 Weldtronic Limited Plasma cutting and welding torches with improved nozzle electrode cooling
US4656330A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-04-07 Plasma Materials Plasma jet torch having converging anode and gas vortex in its nozzle for arc constriction
US4650953A (en) * 1984-10-11 1987-03-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Plasma torch
US4672171A (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-06-09 United Centrifugal Pumps Plasma transfer welded arc torch
US5444209A (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-08-22 Miller Thermal, Inc. Dimensionally stable subsonic plasma arc spray gun with long wearing electrodes
WO1995033362A1 (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-12-07 Universite De Sherbrooke Liquid film stabilized induction plasma torch
US5560844A (en) * 1994-05-26 1996-10-01 Universite De Sherbrooke Liquid film stabilized induction plasma torch
EP0696477A3 (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-07-17 Praxair Technology Inc Laminar flow protection of a fluid jet
EP0720868A3 (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-04-16 Air Prod & Chem Method and device for protecting a turbulent gas jet
US6087616A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-07-11 Apunevich; Alexandr Ivanovich Method for the plasmic arc-welding of metals
US6156994A (en) * 1997-03-03 2000-12-05 Apunevich; Alexandr Ivanovich Arc-plasma method for welding metals
US6013893A (en) * 1997-04-18 2000-01-11 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Plasma burner with a fluid-cooled anode
US20020100751A1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2002-08-01 Carr Jeffrey W. Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification
WO2002062111A3 (en) * 2001-01-30 2003-06-05 Rapt Ind Inc Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification
US20050000656A1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2005-01-06 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification
US7510664B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2009-03-31 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for shaping of damage free surfaces
US7591957B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2009-09-22 Rapt Industries, Inc. Method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification
US8796581B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-08-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US10368557B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2019-08-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source
US8785808B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-07-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US20080099441A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2008-05-01 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for reactive atom plasma processing for material deposition
US7955513B2 (en) 2001-11-07 2011-06-07 Rapt Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for reactive atom plasma processing for material deposition
US20080295965A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2008-12-04 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Plasma processing apparatus
US20080035612A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2008-02-14 Rapt Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods Utilizing an Aperture with a Reactive Atom Plasma Torch
US20080029485A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2008-02-07 Rapt Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods for Precision Plasma Processing
US7965925B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2011-06-21 Fronius International Gmbh Water-steam cutting process and torch therefor
US20100166395A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2010-07-01 Fronius International Gmbh Water-Steam Cutting Process and Torch Therefor
WO2007028179A1 (de) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Fronius International Gmbh Wasserdampf-schneidverfahren und brenner hierzu
US9445488B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-09-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US10117318B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-10-30 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US8568663B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2013-10-29 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell and plasma system
US11806686B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2023-11-07 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US10638592B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2020-04-28 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma arc whirl filter press
US10412820B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-09-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US8810122B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2014-08-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US10395892B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-08-27 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge method
US20090200032A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9051820B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-06-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9105433B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-08-11 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma torch
US9111712B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-08-18 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US10267106B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-04-23 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for treating mining byproducts
US9185787B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-11-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9230777B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US9241396B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Method for operating a plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US20090206721A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-20 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch
US10184322B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-01-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9516736B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-12-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US9560731B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-01-31 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma Arc Whirl filter press
US9644465B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-05-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US8278810B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2012-10-02 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US9761413B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-09-12 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9781817B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-10-03 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9790108B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-10-17 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US10018351B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-07-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US9951942B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-04-24 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US20100252537A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2010-10-07 Atomic Energy Council - Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Steam plasma torch
US8742284B2 (en) * 2007-11-06 2014-06-03 Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council Steam plasma torch
US10244614B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2019-03-26 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for plasma arc welding ceramics and sapphire
US10098191B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2018-10-09 Forest Plasma Labs, LLC Inductively coupled plasma arc device
US9869277B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2018-01-16 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for lean combustion with plasma from an electrical arc
US9163584B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2015-10-20 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for lean combustion with plasma from an electrical arc
US8904749B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-12-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Inductively coupled plasma arc device
US8833054B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-09-16 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for lean combustion with plasma from an electrical arc
US20100276397A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electrically isolated gas cups for plasma transfer arc welding torches, and related methods
US9499443B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2016-11-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US10030195B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2018-07-24 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9699879B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-07-04 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9801266B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-10-24 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
CN110146893A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-20 南昌航空大学 一种基于双耳效应的一体式焊缝位置检测装置
EP4037440A4 (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-11-16 Fuji Corporation PLASMA GENERATING DEVICE AND PLASMA TREATMENT METHOD

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1380966A (en) 1975-01-22
CA971633A (en) 1975-07-22
FR2173228B1 (OSRAM) 1976-11-05
BE795891A (fr) 1973-06-18
FR2173228A1 (OSRAM) 1973-10-05
DE2309188A1 (de) 1973-08-30
NL7302485A (OSRAM) 1973-08-27
IT977878B (it) 1974-09-20
JPS4899060A (OSRAM) 1973-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3830428A (en) Plasma torches
US5124525A (en) Plasma arc torch having improved nozzle assembly
US6696664B2 (en) Powder feed nozzle for laser welding
US3290723A (en) Apparatus for processing particulate material
US5418350A (en) Coaxial nozzle for surface treatment by laser irradiation, with supply of materials in powder form
US3823302A (en) Apparatus and method for plasma spraying
KR200478396Y1 (ko) 노즐 보호캡, 노즐 보호캡 홀더 및 이를 구비한 아크 플라즈마 토오치
CA2674290C (en) Plasma arc torch cutting component with optimized water cooling
JPS5991700A (ja) プラズマ溶射ガン
US4990739A (en) Plasma gun with coaxial powder feed and adjustable cathode
GB1284454A (en) Corpuscular beam in the atmosphere
WO2009099463A2 (en) Plasma arc torch cutting component with optimized water cooling
KR20070066948A (ko) 플라즈마 아크 토치, 및 플라즈마 아크 토치의 조립 및분해 방법
US5220150A (en) Plasma spray torch with hot anode and gas shroud
CA1239437A (en) High intensity radiation method and apparatus having improved liquid vortex flow
US5194715A (en) Plasma arc torch used in underwater cutting
CN112207434A (zh) 一种激光焊接保护气装置
JPS61216760A (ja) プラズマ・アーク・トーチ
CN106077920A (zh) 一种基于阴极压缩效应的钨极内部水冷tig焊枪
US3471675A (en) Arc torch
CN112911778B (zh) 一种用于粉末球化处理或精细涂覆的等离子体发生器
CN112059379A (zh) 一种用于气体保护增材的在线冷却毛刷
US6093903A (en) Plasma burner device with adjustable anode and fixed cathode
JP3061268B1 (ja) レーザ光とアークを用いた溶融加工装置
US3118046A (en) Electric arc torch