US3830031A - Three-dimensional depolyable and collapsible structures - Google Patents

Three-dimensional depolyable and collapsible structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830031A
US3830031A US00254209A US25420972A US3830031A US 3830031 A US3830031 A US 3830031A US 00254209 A US00254209 A US 00254209A US 25420972 A US25420972 A US 25420972A US 3830031 A US3830031 A US 3830031A
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assemblies
pairs
bars
rods
adjacent
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G Soisson
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E04B1/3441—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts with articulated bar-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/1909—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor with central cylindrical connecting element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E04B2001/1963—Screw connections with axis at an angle, e.g. perpendicular, to the main axis of the strut
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid

Definitions

  • Three-dimensional collapsible structure having the form of a system of bars articulated to one another, which comprises a two-dimensional lattice made of parallelograms of hinged bars, acting as a first carrier element, a second carrier element which has preferably the same construction as the first one and a number of pivoting rods connecting together some of the joints of the two carrier elements, said rods being inclined with respect to the planes of the carrier elements when the structure is deployed.
  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional deployable and collapsible structure, which enables the factory production of assembled units as well as the storage and transportation of these units in a compact form.
  • the present invention is concerned in particular with reducing the factory production time and shopfloor assembly time, thus with reducing the cost price, with making it easy for these various operations to be carried out by semi-skilled labour, and with giving the structure a design which enables it to be dismantled for subsequent reuse after storing in the collapsed (folded) state.
  • the invention therefore has as its objects:
  • the structure comprises:
  • a first carrier element which is a two-dimensional lattice structure with an assembly of articulated chain links or parallelograms constituted by networks of straight bars certain ones at least of which are coplanar and make a certain angle with one another with the structure is deployed, the bars of one and the same network being parallel to one another and joints being provided at certain ones, at least, of the corners of said chain links;
  • At least one second carrier element at an interval from the first and provided with joints;
  • the second aforesaid carrier element has a structure similar to that of the first and isconstituted by a second lattice structure, certain ones at least of the bars of said second lattice structure defining parallelograms or chain links which are identical to those of the first lattice structure and whose geometric centres are located upon perpendiculars to said first lattice structure struck at the points of intersection between the bars thereof.
  • Certain ones at least of the joints of one lattice structure may be connected in each case to four joints of the other lattice structure, by four inclinedrods which form the corners of a right pyramid.
  • the inclined rods in projection onto a collapsed plane, may form with the bars of the two lattice structures, adjacent triangles whose apices are directed alternately towards one and then the other of the lattice structures.
  • At least one prismatic volume having one of these triangles for a base is pref erably defined by three bracing arrangements comprising two pairs of rods and two bar elements, the ends of these rods and said elements being connected in pairs by the aforesaid joints and said rods and said elements of said volume likewise being connected together at their points of intersection, by pivots.
  • the projected triangles converging towards a lattice structure are preferably of isoceles form and are identical to the projected triangles converging towards the other lattice structure, the pivots of the bracing arrangements of the aforesaid prismatic volume, said arrangements being assembled at the points of intersection, being located at the centres of the rods and bar elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, showing in the collapsed position a first embodiment of the structure
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating said first form of embodiment in the deployed position and clearly illustrating that the envelope obtained is flat;
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view projected onto the collapsing plane R" in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, showing the two lattice structures of the assembly of inclined rods, and illustrating them in three exploded perspective views marked 4A, 4B and 4C and linked with one another by joining lines a and b and because FIG. 4C can only provide a rather confused impression of the distribution of the inclined rods, FIG. 4 also comprises a fourth perspective view 4D where the zigzag sheet defined by these rods has been flattened and the correspondence between the flattened sheet of FIG. 4D and the true sheet of FIG. 4C is indicated by the joining lines da and db;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, in which view there can be seen;
  • transverse imaginary lines T or t which, perpendicularly to a collapsing plane, R, link the points of intersection of the bars of one lattice structure or the other, respectively;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are views similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 and relate to a structure of saddle-shape, related to a hyperbolic paraboloid, in the deployed state;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are views similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 relating to a structure which, in the deployed state, has a cylindrical form;
  • FIG. 10 is a view of similar kind (in plan form) to that shown in FIG. but showing another embodiment
  • FIG. I1 is a side elevation of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a joint for connection between a lattice structure and the inclined rods
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are sections taken on the lines XXX-XXX and XXXl-XXXI respectively, of FIG. 12, the tubes shown in one section, not appearing in the other; and
  • FIGS. I5, 16 and 17 illustrate in plan, section and side elevation, a variant embodiment of a joint.
  • FIGS. 1, 6 and 8 on the one hand and FIGS. 2, 7 and 9 on the other hand are perspective views which reproduce the result'obtained by photographing, respectively in collapsed and deployed states, models produced in accordance with the other corresponding Figures of the drawing. They prove, therefore, that all the structures can be rendered perfectly flat when they are collapsed (folded) and that they adopt a flat. saddle-shaped or cylindrical form when they are deployed. In addition, they make it possible to define in space the exact positions of the bars and rods, according to whether the structure is collapsed or deployed, something which would be much more difficult if they were not there and from a consideration purely of the other, conventional figures.
  • the three-dimensional deployable structure is of the kind with an imaginary flat envelope and is designed to be hyperstable that is to say that it has a large number of superfluous connections.
  • it is horizontal as would be the case if it constituted the framework of a ceiling or the framing of a flat roof.
  • top lattice structure 1 (FIGS. 4A and 5) constituted by a first network of mutually parallel bars 2, and by a second network of likewise mutually parallel bars 3 which intersect the bars 2, however, to form X' all these bars being shown in thick full line in FIG. 5.
  • the bars 2 and 3 are connected by joints 4 schematically indicated by solid circles and located at the points of intersection between even imaginary longitudinal lines L and even imaginary transverse lines T as defined hereinbefore. Thus, at the intersection between the lines L1; and T there is a joint 4 linking a bar 2 with a bar 3.
  • the structure likewise comprises a bottom lattice structure 5 (FIGS. 48 and 5) constituted, as before, by two intersecting networks of bars 6 and 7 shown in thin line in FIG. 5.
  • the bars 6 and 7 are connected by joints 8 indicated by open circles and located at the points of intersection between the even longitudinal imaginary lines 1 and the odd transverse imaginary lines t as defined in the foregoing, it being understood furthermore that the lines of the two lattice structures extend in one and the same plane perpendicular to those of the same order.
  • joints 8 indicated by open circles and located at the points of intersection between the even longitudinal imaginary lines 1 and the odd transverse imaginary lines t as defined in the foregoing, it being understood furthermore that the lines of the two lattice structures extend in one and the same plane perpendicular to those of the same order.
  • a joint 8 connecting a bar 6 to a bar 7.
  • the two lattice structures 1 and 5 are idendical in the sense that the chain links defined by their respective bars are deformable parallelograms or lozenges of the same shape and orientation. However, these lattice structures are located in such a manner in relation to one another that each bottom joint 8 is aligned with the geometric centre of the corresponding top chain line and, consequently, each top joint 4 is aligned with the geometric centre of the corresponding bottom chain link.
  • the structure comprises inclined rods which are attached in such a fashion as to be able to pivot at their ends, to the top joints 4 and the bottom joints 8, thus linking them together.
  • a rod 9 connects the top joint 4 (T L to the bottom joint 8 1 the rods of a second series, designated by the reference 10, each link a top joint 4 to a bottom joint 8 located at the intersection between the transverse line whose order is higher by one unit and a longitudinal line whose order is lower by two units;
  • a rod 10 connects the top joint 4 (T L aforementioned, to the bottom joint 8 (t the rods of a third series, marked 11, each link a top joint 4 to a bottom joint 8 located at the intersection between a transverse line whose order is less by one unit and a longitudinal line whose order is higher by two units; for example a rod 11 connects the aforesaid top joint 4 (T L to the bottom joint 8 (t the rods
  • a series of bars can also be distinguished which bars form X' such as a b,, a b a b (FIG. 5) or a -b' a -b a;,b;,, etc for the top lattice structure and (lg-B2, etc for the bottom lattice structure, this quite apart from the terminal parts.
  • X' such as a b,, a b a b (FIG. 5) or a -b' a -b a;,b;,, etc for the top lattice structure and (lg-B2, etc for the bottom lattice structure, this quite apart from the terminal parts.
  • pivots such as those i,, i;, or 1",, i at the points of intersection of these X", or at any rate at certain ones, these pivots being perpendicular to therelevant pairs of bars.
  • pivots of this kind can be provided at the points of intersection, or at least certain ones of them, between the pivoting
  • the external envelope of the deployed structure has a saddle shape related to a hyperbolic paraboloid; in effect, as FIG. 7 shows, it has a convex curvature in the transverse directions and a concave curva ture in the longitudinal directions.
  • all the triangles l9 and 20 are of isoceles form, preferably equilateral and identical to one another, the pivots not being located at the centres of the bars.
  • the external envelope of the deployed structure is cylindrical.
  • all the projected triangles are isoceles triangles, but the triangles 19 whose apices are directed towards the top lattice structure, have a shorter base than the triangles 20 whose apices are directed towards the bottom lattice structure; in order words, the bottom bars are-shorter than the top bars.
  • the pivots are located strictly at the centre of the bars.
  • FIG. 10 This figure illustrates a deployed structure with an articulated top lattice structure (in thick line) and an articulated bottom lattice structure (in thin line), these being connected to one another by pivoting rods which link the joints together. Contrary to the case shown in FIG. 5, however, where the bars of a network form X'* with one another, here they form V"" articulated at their ends and at the vertex, so that equivalent possibilities are created as a consequence.
  • the marginal joints 4 and/or 8 of the structure are attached to the edge beams (for example P in FIG. 4c), of the construction into which this structure is to be integrated.
  • certain ones of the top joints 4 and/or certain ones of the bottom joints 8 of the structure are rigidly spaced apart by elongated elements extending perpendicular or parallel to the col- Iapsing plane R and following the shape of the structure envelope. Elements of this kind can of course be replaced by ties (chains, cables or the like), permanently hooked to certain joints.
  • certain ones of the top joints 4 and/or certain ones of the bottom joints 8 and/or certain ones of the pivots are locked so that no pivoting can take place in relation to the bars 2, 3 and the rods 9 to 12.
  • the bars and rods can be constituted by iron members with flats, or by profiled sections having at least one flat flange; they can also be constituted by tubes of circular, square, rectangular or other section.
  • Each joint comprises a fitting 30 exhibiting a halfsleeve 31 into which there can be slid and fixed in place, for example by a bolt, a tube 32 which is to act as an element to maintain the structure in the deployed position.
  • This half-sleeve is integral with four convergent lugs 33 to 36.
  • the lugs 33 and 34 are coplanar because they are designed to support the pivoting elements 37 of the bar components 2a and 3a which are to constitute the top lattice structure 1 for example. These pivoting elements 37 are located in four holes 38.1 and 38.2 formed at the corners of said lugs 33 and 34.
  • the lugs 35 and 36 subtend with one another an angle corresponding to that of the triangles l9 and 20. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, this angle is 60.
  • the lug 35 has two holes at its corners, 39.1 (FIG. 13) and 39.2 (FIG. 14), for the accommodation of the pivoting elements 37 which articulate the inclined rods 9 and 10 respectively.
  • the lug 36 likewise has two holes 40.1 (FIG. 13), and 40.2 (FIG. 14), at its corners, to take the pivoting elements 37 for the articulation of the inclined rods 11 and 12 respectively.
  • the tube 2a is assembled above the lug 34 (FIG. 13) whilst the other tubes 9, 11 and 3a are arranged at the same side, moving around the tube 32, of the lugs 35, 36 and 33, as that at which the tube 2a is located in relation to said lug 34.
  • the tube 3a is located beneath the lug 34 (FIG. 14) whilst the other tubes 10, 12 and 2a, as be fore, have the same position in relation to their respective lugs 35, 36 and 33, as the tube 311.
  • the tubes 2a and 3a never being located in the same plane, can cross one another; the same applies to the tubes 6a and 7a, 9 and 10, 11 and 12.
  • the fitting of the tubes to the lugs 33 to 36 and the assembly of the pivoting elements 37 are made possible and straightforward by the fact that the two tubes and the two elements of one and the same lug, cannot interfere since they are arranged at opposite sides.
  • the tubes 20, 9, 11, etc could be flattened to a greater or lesser extent, at least at their ends, and the float 31 is not essential and could be omitted.
  • the pivoting elements 37 will be simple rods with a single degree of freedom; they can then be constituted by bolts, rivets or the like.
  • the joints 4 and 8 can also be given a simpler design, in particular in the case of shaped structures.
  • the bar elements 20 or 30 (or 6a and 711) as well as the rods 9 to 12 can be threaded over a toroidal ring 41 which is open prior to assembly and afterwards closed by suitable means.
  • the axes ofpivot are parallel, at least when the structure is collapsed, to the collapsing plane R.
  • FIGS. 15 to 17 a variant embodiment ofajoint designed especially for a structure of the kind shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 and using bars which form collapsible V in each of the lattice structures, can be seen; the joint belongs to the top lattice structure and is shown in the deployed position.
  • the centre of the joint is constituted by a rigid metal component 30, star-shaped in section, with radiating lugs in the manner shown in FIG. 16, which may however be asymmetrical in the manner shown in FIG. 17.
  • the bars for example tubes
  • the rods are pivotally attached by pivots such as 38.1, 39.1, perpendicular to the lugs.
  • the references 2a and 30 have been used to designate the elements of a V in the top lattice structure; the V" of opposite vertex is marked 2a, 3a.
  • the pivoting rods 9, 9' are articulated to the lugs having the corresponding inclination.
  • the bars 0 likewise articulated to the lugs, constitute supplementary links belonging to the structure of FIGS. 10 and II.
  • This kind of joint enables the forces to converge at a single imaginary point, and enables the structure to be folded.
  • the bars of the V 2a and 31!, 2'41 and 3a pivot about their respective joint centres until they are practically parallel.
  • the structure in accordance with the invention can be utilised for the production of floors, false ceilings, suspended partitions, fiat, cylindrical or hyperbolic paraboloid roofs, domes or cupolas, etc., in permanent or dismantlabel form, for the manufacture of firebreak screens, windbreaks, snowbreaks, etc., installed outdoors, for the production of scaffolding and for many other applications.
  • a three-dimensional collapsible structure comprising in combination at least one pair of spaced apart generally parallel two-dimensional lattice assemblies each comprised of straight bars arranged in X-shaped pairs articulated together at their intersections, each X-Shaped pair of bars in each such lattice, exclusive of those on the periphery of the structure, having each of the four ends thereof pivotally connected to the end of at least one adjacent X-shaped pair of bars, all such articulations and pivotal connections of each assembly being fitted on axes perpendicular to the general plane of that assembly, the assemblies of each adjacent pair of such assemblies being displaced laterally relative to one another so that a straight line passing through any axis of articulation of said bar pairs in such assemblies extends at an oblique angle to the general planes of said assemblies, and connecting rods between such assemblies, each rod having its respective ends pivotally connected on axes inclined with respect to the general plane of the corresponding assembly to the pivotally connected ends of two adjacent bar pairs in the same assembly and extending ob
  • each of the pivotally connected two ends of two adjacent bar pairs are connected on said inclined axes to two generally oppositely extending connecting rods.
  • each of the pivotally connected two ends of two adjacent bar pairs are connected on said inclined axes to four generally oppositely extending connecting rods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
US00254209A 1971-05-19 1972-05-17 Three-dimensional depolyable and collapsible structures Expired - Lifetime US3830031A (en)

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FR717118308A FR2138244B1 (OSRAM) 1971-05-19 1971-05-19

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US (1) US3830031A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH552725A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2223621A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2138244B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1388633A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT957905B (OSRAM)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942291A (en) * 1974-05-06 1976-03-09 Takenaka Komuten Co., Ltd. Artificial land structure framework
US4013114A (en) * 1973-09-25 1977-03-22 Goebel Klaus Karl Heinz Articulated netting, particularly for shuttering
US4021974A (en) * 1976-03-05 1977-05-10 Varo, Inc. Camouflage disrupter frame
US4031831A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-06-28 Pauline Dortch Davis Table furniture
US4074477A (en) * 1973-09-17 1978-02-21 Runyon John F Modular building structure
US4400926A (en) * 1981-08-21 1983-08-30 Tuggle Gordon P Integrated dimorphic structure
WO1985002434A1 (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-06-06 Astro Research Corporation Rigid diagonal deployable lattice column
US4557097A (en) * 1983-09-08 1985-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Sequentially deployable maneuverable tetrahedral beam
US4578920A (en) * 1983-11-30 1986-04-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Synchronously deployable truss structure
US4601152A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-07-22 General Electric Company Truss structure and method of construction
US4604844A (en) * 1985-07-30 1986-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Deployable M-braced truss structure
US4783934A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-11-15 United Production Services, Inc. Free-standing assembly and method for making same
WO1990005220A1 (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-05-17 Garry Randall Hart Adjustable space frames and trusses
US4986016A (en) * 1986-12-10 1991-01-22 Wichman William J Folding display frame with offset hub configuration
USRE33710E (en) * 1985-11-06 1991-10-08 World Shelters, Inc. Portable shelter assemblies
US5111631A (en) * 1988-03-14 1992-05-12 Ronald Flood Modular display construction system
US5163262A (en) * 1987-04-24 1992-11-17 Astro Aerospace Corporation Collapsible structure
US5444946A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-08-29 World Shelters, Inc. Portable shelter assemblies
US20100139202A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-10 Athan Stephan P Space frame hub joint
US7941978B1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2011-05-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Deployable heirarchical structure
US20110227015A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Ellsworth Perryman Snow plow barrier systems
US20130263548A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-10-10 Donald V. Merrifield Deployable truss with orthogonally-hinged primary chords
US9249565B2 (en) * 2011-12-07 2016-02-02 Cpi Technologies, Llc Deployable truss with orthogonally-hinged primary chords
US20160145867A1 (en) * 2014-11-26 2016-05-26 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Trusses for use in building construction and methods of installing same
USD761640S1 (en) * 2013-02-20 2016-07-19 Piers St. John Spencer Galliard Cave Loft flooring system support leg
WO2021064763A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-08 Seikaly Abeer A multi-layered structural and material system assembly
US20220112706A1 (en) * 2020-10-12 2022-04-14 Jacob Eisenberg Strata space frame

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GB2256444A (en) * 1991-05-25 1992-12-09 Robert Laxton John Burdon Foldable structure
ES2562152B1 (es) * 2015-10-30 2016-12-07 Fernando BLANCO MARÍN Estructura desplegable de barras articuladas

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US1095391A (en) * 1913-09-09 1914-05-05 Victor C Fogle Portable tower.
US1511679A (en) * 1922-06-23 1924-10-14 Schwarz Carl Extension tower
US3053351A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-09-11 Junius H Fulcher Structural device

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US415667A (en) * 1889-11-19 edwards-
US430935A (en) * 1890-06-24 edwards
US1095391A (en) * 1913-09-09 1914-05-05 Victor C Fogle Portable tower.
US1511679A (en) * 1922-06-23 1924-10-14 Schwarz Carl Extension tower
US3053351A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-09-11 Junius H Fulcher Structural device

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4074477A (en) * 1973-09-17 1978-02-21 Runyon John F Modular building structure
US4013114A (en) * 1973-09-25 1977-03-22 Goebel Klaus Karl Heinz Articulated netting, particularly for shuttering
US3942291A (en) * 1974-05-06 1976-03-09 Takenaka Komuten Co., Ltd. Artificial land structure framework
US4031831A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-06-28 Pauline Dortch Davis Table furniture
US4021974A (en) * 1976-03-05 1977-05-10 Varo, Inc. Camouflage disrupter frame
US4400926A (en) * 1981-08-21 1983-08-30 Tuggle Gordon P Integrated dimorphic structure
US4557097A (en) * 1983-09-08 1985-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Sequentially deployable maneuverable tetrahedral beam
US4569176A (en) * 1983-11-28 1986-02-11 Astro Research Corporation Rigid diagonal deployable lattice column
WO1985002434A1 (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-06-06 Astro Research Corporation Rigid diagonal deployable lattice column
US4578920A (en) * 1983-11-30 1986-04-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Synchronously deployable truss structure
US4601152A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-07-22 General Electric Company Truss structure and method of construction
US4604844A (en) * 1985-07-30 1986-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Deployable M-braced truss structure
USRE33710E (en) * 1985-11-06 1991-10-08 World Shelters, Inc. Portable shelter assemblies
US4783934A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-11-15 United Production Services, Inc. Free-standing assembly and method for making same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1388633A (en) 1975-03-26
DE2223621A1 (de) 1972-11-30
FR2138244B1 (OSRAM) 1973-05-11
FR2138244A1 (OSRAM) 1973-01-05
CH552725A (fr) 1974-08-15
IT957905B (it) 1973-10-20

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