US3829731A - Tungsten-bromine cycle lamp - Google Patents

Tungsten-bromine cycle lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3829731A
US3829731A US00355907A US35590773A US3829731A US 3829731 A US3829731 A US 3829731A US 00355907 A US00355907 A US 00355907A US 35590773 A US35590773 A US 35590773A US 3829731 A US3829731 A US 3829731A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
tungsten
bromine
filament
oxygen
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00355907A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jampens G T
G Prakken
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3829731A publication Critical patent/US3829731A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering

Definitions

  • TUNGSTEN-BROMINE CYCLE LAMP Inventors: Germain Remi TJampens; Gerrit Prakken, both of Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation, New
  • ABSTRACT A tungsten-bromine cycle lamp which comprises a metal chosen from'the group formed by titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum as a material regulating the oxygen pressure.
  • the invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp having a filament body of tungsten; a gas filling comprising bromine and hydrogen and being propor tioned in such a manner that the wall of the envelope during operation of the lamp everywhere assumes a temperature in which tungsten-bromine compounds formed in the lamp are volatile; hereinafter referred to as a tungsten-bromine cycle lamp.
  • Lamps of this type are known and are especially used under circumstances where with relatively small dimensions a high light output throughout the lifetime of the lamp is required.
  • a high light output throughout the lifetime of the lamp is required.
  • the wall of the envelope during operation of the lamp everywhere assumes a temperature at which tungsten-bromine compounds formed in the lamp are volatile it is achieved that the wall of the'envelope remains bright until the end of the life of the lamp.
  • bromine and hydrogen are usually introduced into the lamp as HBr or in the form of a hydrocarbon compound.
  • the lamp generally comprises an inert gas or a mixture of gases such as .argon, krypton, nitrogen.
  • the lifetime of the lamp in case of a given inert gas filling and filling pressure is the shorter and the light output in lumens per watt is the higher, the higher the temperature which is achieved by the filament bod during operation.
  • incandescent lamps of the type described'do not always reach the lifetime which might be expected on account of the filament temperature and gas filling of the lamp.
  • the invention has for its object to prevent these difficulties.
  • the incandescent lamp according to the invention is characterized in that the lamp comprises a metal chosen from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum.
  • FIGURE represents a frontal view of a lamp in accordance with the present invention.
  • the said metals getter under normal circumstances all constituents of the gas atmosphere present in a lamp with the exception of the rare gases present therein.
  • a tungstenbromine cycle lamp the presence of a small, but effective quantity of the said metals is not disturbing.
  • a longer lifetime of the tungsten-bromine cycle lamps according to the invention could generally be found. This might indicate that under the circumstances prevailing in the lamp during operation the oxygen pressure in the lamp is stabilized by the said metals to a value below the value which is harmful for the lamplife, while hydrogen and bromine are not prevented from fulfilling their function in the tungsten-bromine cycle.
  • the said metals may be introduced into the lamp as wire pieces, foils, spheres or any other arbitrary form. During operation of the lamp it is to be ensured that the said metals do not contact the incandescent tungsten filament unless a metal mirror, which is generally semi-permeable, on the wall of the envelope is not a drawback. In this case it is alternatively possible to introduce the metals entirely or partly as metal bromides into the lamp.
  • the tungsten filament body (coiled-coil) of a 30V- 375W tungsten-bromine cycle lamp exhibited strong whisker formation (length: several millimetres) already after an operating time of approximately 20 hours; the lifetime of the lamp was generally lessthan 200 hours.
  • the gas atmosphere consisted of argon having a partial pressure of 700 Torr and CH Br having a partial pressure of 5 Torr.
  • the envelope has an internal diameter of 10.5 mms and a content of 2,600 cubic mm. The number of lumens per watt is 20. It was found that the tungsten filament for a weight of 932 milligrammes contained 40 microgrammes of oxygen.
  • zirconium in a quantity of approximately 0.1 mgr. in the form of a piece of shredded foil as used in combustion flash bulbs it was found that the lifetime in case of the same gas filling and load was extended to values of at least 2,500 hours without whisker formation occurring.
  • the tungsten filament body (coiled-coil) of a 225V- 800W tungsten-bromine cycle lamp having a gasfilling consisting of nitrogen at a partial pressure of 1.5 atm and HBr at a partial pressure of 23 Torr exhibited strong whisker formation after 50 hours.
  • HBr a gasfilling consisting of nitrogen at a partial pressure of 1.5 atm
  • HBr a partial pressure of 11.5 Torr whisker formation
  • oxygen is released which, when Cl-l Br is used, chemically reacts with carbon and is then less harmful. Due to the relatively large quantity of carbon which was introduced into the'lamp together with dibromomethane it was, however, impossible in practice to keepthe lamp envelope free from black deposits.
  • the lamp produces approximately 27 lumens per Watt. For an internal diameter of 12.5 mms .the content of the lamp envelope is 4 cubic cm.
  • the filament weight is 561 milligrammes and the filament contained an unknown quantity of oxygen.
  • Example. III A gas mixture was composed of argon, hydrobromic acid and oxygen for which the partial pressures were is not the case when the metals mentioned in the table are used.
  • the invention particularly provides the advantage that a simple step may prevent some tungsten-bromine cycle lamps from not reaching the calculated lifetime, while it is additionally achieved-that the average lifetime of tungsten-bromine cycle lamps is extended.
  • the tungsten filaments in the lamps according to the invention at their end of lifetime are found to burn through in the middle or at an area not far remote therefrom instead of at the relatively cold ends, which indicates the absence of the harmful effect of oxygen in these lamps while whisker formation does not occur or substantially does not occur.
  • a tungsten filament l is disposed in a quartz envelope 2, The envelope is pinched off at the ends by pinch seals 3. Within the pinch seals are molybdenum foils 4 to one side of which are connected molybdenum conductors 5.
  • getter metal 7 is wound as shown.
  • this metal is chosen from a group formed by titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum.
  • An electric incandescent lamp comprising: a filament body of tungsten, a gas filling including bromine and hydrogen, said lamp being proportioned in such a manner that the wall of the envelope during operation of the lamp everywhere assumes a temperature at which tungsten-bromine compounds formed in the lamp are volatile, the lamp also comprising a metal chosen from the group formed by titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US00355907A 1972-05-17 1973-04-30 Tungsten-bromine cycle lamp Expired - Lifetime US3829731A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7206616A NL168085C (nl) 1972-05-17 1972-05-17 Elektrische wolfraam-broom-cyclus-gloeilamp.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3829731A true US3829731A (en) 1974-08-13

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ID=19816057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00355907A Expired - Lifetime US3829731A (en) 1972-05-17 1973-04-30 Tungsten-bromine cycle lamp

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3829731A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS571862B2 (en:Method)
BE (1) BE799565A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA983085A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2321358C2 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2184838B1 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1409957A (en:Method)
IT (1) IT987420B (en:Method)
NL (1) NL168085C (en:Method)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946262A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-03-23 Gte Sylvania Incorporated High pressure electric discharge device with hafnium getter
US4128783A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-12-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Tungsten/bromine cycle lamp
US4203049A (en) * 1977-06-27 1980-05-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with hydrogen getter and hydrogen getter
US4213662A (en) * 1976-05-10 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Tungsten/bromine cycle lamp
DE3038781A1 (de) * 1979-10-17 1981-04-30 Gte Products Corp., Wilmington, Del. Wolfram-halogen-lampe
US4305017A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Halogen incandescent lamp
US4361780A (en) * 1979-06-29 1982-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Halogen incandescent lamp
US4415833A (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-11-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp with coiled getter
US4449070A (en) * 1982-04-28 1984-05-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten-halogen lamp with variably positionable getter
US5148080A (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-09-15 Hilux Development Incandescent lamp filament incorporating hafnium
US5327042A (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-07-05 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp
EP1073094A3 (en) * 1999-07-28 2004-10-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Light bulb

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7812244A (nl) * 1978-12-18 1980-06-20 Philips Nv Halogeengloeilamp.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB511889A (en) * 1938-06-02 1939-08-25 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in gas-filled electric incandescent lamps
NL6700099A (en:Method) * 1967-01-04 1968-07-05
US3644773A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-02-22 Thorn Lighting Ltd A hydrogen-halogen filament lamp with a hydrogen getter flag

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946262A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-03-23 Gte Sylvania Incorporated High pressure electric discharge device with hafnium getter
US4128783A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-12-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Tungsten/bromine cycle lamp
US4213662A (en) * 1976-05-10 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Tungsten/bromine cycle lamp
US4203049A (en) * 1977-06-27 1980-05-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with hydrogen getter and hydrogen getter
US4361780A (en) * 1979-06-29 1982-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Halogen incandescent lamp
DE3038781A1 (de) * 1979-10-17 1981-04-30 Gte Products Corp., Wilmington, Del. Wolfram-halogen-lampe
US4305017A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Halogen incandescent lamp
US4415833A (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-11-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp with coiled getter
US4449070A (en) * 1982-04-28 1984-05-15 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten-halogen lamp with variably positionable getter
US5148080A (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-09-15 Hilux Development Incandescent lamp filament incorporating hafnium
US5327042A (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-07-05 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp
EP1073094A3 (en) * 1999-07-28 2004-10-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Light bulb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2184838A1 (en:Method) 1973-12-28
DE2321358C2 (de) 1987-03-05
FR2184838B1 (en:Method) 1978-03-10
GB1409957A (en) 1975-10-15
NL168085C (nl) 1982-02-16
JPS571862B2 (en:Method) 1982-01-13
JPS4949483A (en:Method) 1974-05-14
CA983085A (en) 1976-02-03
DE2321358A1 (de) 1973-11-29
BE799565A (fr) 1973-11-16
IT987420B (it) 1975-02-20
NL7206616A (en:Method) 1973-11-20
NL168085B (nl) 1981-09-16

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