US3828380A - Fixed freeboard spar buoy - Google Patents

Fixed freeboard spar buoy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3828380A
US3828380A US00339414A US33941473A US3828380A US 3828380 A US3828380 A US 3828380A US 00339414 A US00339414 A US 00339414A US 33941473 A US33941473 A US 33941473A US 3828380 A US3828380 A US 3828380A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spar
float
buoy
slack
center
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00339414A
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M Lebovits
J Schaff
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Global Marine Inc
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Global Marine Inc
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Priority to US00339414A priority Critical patent/US3828380A/en
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Assigned to CHEMICAL BANK, A NY CORP. reassignment CHEMICAL BANK, A NY CORP. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GLOBAL MARINE INC.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2201/00—Signalling devices
    • B63B2201/20—Antenna or mast

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Underwood Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Christie, Parker, & Hale 5 7] ABSTRACT There is described an instrumentation buoy having an elongated vertical spar, the upper end of which has a collar to which is tied by a group of slack flexible lines, an annular float which surrounds the upper end of the spar. The flexible attachment between the float and the spar isolates pitch and roll motions of the float from the spar while providing coupling to vertical heave.
  • This invention relates to marine buoys, and more particularly to a spar buoy having a fixed freeboard.
  • the waves have a tendency to wash over the top of a spar buoy or instrument package supported thereon because the spar buoy does not ride up with the cresting of the wave. Also, because of their relatively long length, on the order of 100 feet, spar buoys are not suitable for use in shallow water. On the other hand, conventional floating buoys tend to rock and pitch violently in heavy seas, lacking the stability of the long spar buoy.
  • the present invention is directed to an improved buoy which provides the pitch and roll stability of the spar buoy with the vertical or heave response characteristics of a surface floating buoy. This is accom plished in brief, by providing a relatively short spar which normally is designed with a slightly negative buoyancy factor.
  • the spar is in turn suspended from an annular float through which the spar extends, the spar being connected to the float by a group of slack lines which extend'radially from a collar on the spar outwardly to the inner periphery of the annular float.
  • This flexible attachment isolates or decouples pitch and roll motions of the float from the spar, yet provides close coupling for lifting the spar vertically as the float rises up the crest of a wave, thus keeping the top of the spar at a minimum distance above the water at all times.
  • the single FIGURE is a perspective view of the buoy.
  • the numeral indicates generally a vertical spar made up of a plurality of lengths of pipe of telescoping diameters, including the largest diameter pipe section 12 forming the lower part of the spar, a smaller diameter pipe 14 forming a middle part of the spar, a pipe 16 forming an upper part of the spar, and a thin pipe or rod 18 forming a mast at the top of the spar.
  • a platform 20 is secured to the upper end of the mast on which may be mounted a transmitting antenna 22 and various sensing devices,
  • the power supply and other heavy equipment for the instrumentation package may be located in the lower spar 12 as ballast.
  • An annular float 26 surrounds the spar 10 at a point near the upper end of the spar section 16.
  • the annular float 26, may, for example, be rectangular in shape and constructed of four hollow lengths of pipe welded at the mitered corners to provide a water-tight, air-tight construction.
  • the float 26 is attached to the vertical spar 10 by a collar 28 and a plurality of chains or other flexible lines or cables 30.
  • the lines 30 extend from the collar 28 to the four corners of the rectangular float 26.
  • the lengths of the lines 30 are substantially longer than the radial distance from the center of the vertical spar to the corners of the float, so that the lines may be slack. This arrangement permits relatively free tilting movement of the float 26 relative to the spar 10, yet provides a definite limit on the amount of relative vertical movement between the float 26 and the spar 10.
  • the vertical spar 10 Under normal operation, the vertical spar 10 is arranged to have a slightly negative buoyancy.
  • the spar With the float 26 riding on the surface of the water, the spar is supported against the downward pull of gravity by the tensioning of the slack lines 30.
  • the float rides up a crest of a wave, it lifts the spar buoy vertically so as to maintain the instrument platform 22 well above the water surface by lifting the spar buoy upwards through the lines 30.
  • the lines 30 go slack, allowing the spar buoy to sink slowly back down.
  • this arrangement allows the buoy to respond to vertical wave action, while at the same time retaining the pitch and roll stability inherent in the spar buoy.
  • the flexible attachment by the chains isolates and decouples the pitch and roll motions of the float from the vertical spar.
  • the buoyancy of the spar can be matched to various payloads or other requirements by proper selection of the materials, lengths and diameters of the various spar sections making up the buoy.
  • the spar is constructed so that the center of gravity is well below the center of floatation, insuring that the spar is vertically stable.
  • the spar and float can be easily constructed from standard pipe sections assembled on board ship by welding at the time the buoy is to be dropped in the water.
  • the buoy can be anchored to the ocean floor in conventional manner.
  • An instrumentation buoy comprising an elongated spar having a center of floatation above the center of gravity so that the spar remains vertical in water, an annular float, the spar extending through the central opening of the float, and means interconnecting the spar and the annular float, said means providing free vertical and angular movement of the spar relative to the float between predetermined limits, the interconnecting means including a plurality of slack flexible lines secured to the spar at only one point along the longitudinal axis of the spar and secured to spaced points around the periphery of the annular float, the slack lines permitting the point of attachment to the spar to move substantially above or below the float.
  • the spar includes a plurality of telescoping sections of hollow pipe, the larger diameter pipe being at the bottom of the spar.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

There is described an instrumentation buoy having an elongated vertical spar, the upper end of which has a collar to which is tied by a group of slack flexible lines, an annular float which surrounds the upper end of the spar. The flexible attachment between the float and the spar isolates pitch and roll motions of the float from the spar while providing coupling to vertical heave.

Description

United States Patent 1191- Lebovits et al.
[ 1 FIXED FREEBOARD SPAR BUOY [75] lnventors: Morris Lebovits; James C. Schaff,
both of San Diego, Calif. [73] Assignee: Global Marine Inc., Los Angeles,
Calif.
[22] Filed: Mar. 8, 1973 [2]] Appl. No.: 339,414
[52] US. Cl 9/8 R [51] Int. Cl. B63b 21/52 [58] Field of Search 9/8 R, 8 P, 8.3 R, 8.3 E
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,510,595 10/1924 Hodgson 9/8 R 2,310,017 2/1943 Canon et al 9/8 R 1451 Aug. 13, 1974 3,405,558 10/1968 Koot 9/8 R 3,671,988 6/1972 Newman 9/8 R 3,760,441 9/1973 Handelman 9/8 R Primary ExaminerAlbert J Makay Assistant Examiner--Donald W. Underwood Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Christie, Parker, & Hale 5 7] ABSTRACT There is described an instrumentation buoy having an elongated vertical spar, the upper end of which has a collar to which is tied by a group of slack flexible lines, an annular float which surrounds the upper end of the spar. The flexible attachment between the float and the spar isolates pitch and roll motions of the float from the spar while providing coupling to vertical heave.
4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures FIXED FREEBOARD SPAR BUOY FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to marine buoys, and more particularly to a spar buoy having a fixed freeboard.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With increased study of the oceans and their resources, there is developed an expanded need for deployment of instruments for monitoring environmental conditions over the oceans surface. The use of long spar buoys to provide an oceanographic instrument platform has heretofore been proposed because of its ability to remain relatively motionless under adverse sea conditions of wind, waves, and currents. The spar buoy is not, because of its small cross-sectional area at the surface, subject to heaving due to the rise and fall of the surface with wave action. While this vertical stability may be desirable in some applications, it is preferred in some circumstances that the instrument package remain substantially a fixed distance above the water. Also, the waves have a tendency to wash over the top of a spar buoy or instrument package supported thereon because the spar buoy does not ride up with the cresting of the wave. Also, because of their relatively long length, on the order of 100 feet, spar buoys are not suitable for use in shallow water. On the other hand, conventional floating buoys tend to rock and pitch violently in heavy seas, lacking the stability of the long spar buoy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an improved buoy which provides the pitch and roll stability of the spar buoy with the vertical or heave response characteristics of a surface floating buoy. This is accom plished in brief, by providing a relatively short spar which normally is designed with a slightly negative buoyancy factor. The spar is in turn suspended from an annular float through which the spar extends, the spar being connected to the float by a group of slack lines which extend'radially from a collar on the spar outwardly to the inner periphery of the annular float. This flexible attachment isolates or decouples pitch and roll motions of the float from the spar, yet provides close coupling for lifting the spar vertically as the float rises up the crest of a wave, thus keeping the top of the spar at a minimum distance above the water at all times.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the invention reference should be made to the accompanying drawing, wherein:
The single FIGURE is a perspective view of the buoy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawing in detail, the numeral indicates generally a vertical spar made up of a plurality of lengths of pipe of telescoping diameters, including the largest diameter pipe section 12 forming the lower part of the spar, a smaller diameter pipe 14 forming a middle part of the spar, a pipe 16 forming an upper part of the spar, and a thin pipe or rod 18 forming a mast at the top of the spar. A platform 20 is secured to the upper end of the mast on which may be mounted a transmitting antenna 22 and various sensing devices,
such as the wind guage 24 for monitoring environmental conditions and transmitting them to remote receiving locations (not shown). To lower the center gravity of the vertical spar, the power supply and other heavy equipment for the instrumentation package may be located in the lower spar 12 as ballast.
An annular float 26 surrounds the spar 10 at a point near the upper end of the spar section 16. The annular float 26, may, for example, be rectangular in shape and constructed of four hollow lengths of pipe welded at the mitered corners to provide a water-tight, air-tight construction. The float 26 is attached to the vertical spar 10 by a collar 28 and a plurality of chains or other flexible lines or cables 30. The lines 30 extend from the collar 28 to the four corners of the rectangular float 26. The lengths of the lines 30 are substantially longer than the radial distance from the center of the vertical spar to the corners of the float, so that the lines may be slack. This arrangement permits relatively free tilting movement of the float 26 relative to the spar 10, yet provides a definite limit on the amount of relative vertical movement between the float 26 and the spar 10.
Under normal operation, the vertical spar 10 is arranged to have a slightly negative buoyancy. Thus with the float 26 riding on the surface of the water, the spar is supported against the downward pull of gravity by the tensioning of the slack lines 30. Thus as the float rides up a crest of a wave, it lifts the spar buoy vertically so as to maintain the instrument platform 22 well above the water surface by lifting the spar buoy upwards through the lines 30. As the float drops back down after the wave crest has passed, the lines 30 go slack, allowing the spar buoy to sink slowly back down.
It will be seen that this arrangement allows the buoy to respond to vertical wave action, while at the same time retaining the pitch and roll stability inherent in the spar buoy. The flexible attachment by the chains isolates and decouples the pitch and roll motions of the float from the vertical spar. The buoyancy of the spar can be matched to various payloads or other requirements by proper selection of the materials, lengths and diameters of the various spar sections making up the buoy. The spar is constructed so that the center of gravity is well below the center of floatation, insuring that the spar is vertically stable. The spar and float can be easily constructed from standard pipe sections assembled on board ship by welding at the time the buoy is to be dropped in the water. The buoy can be anchored to the ocean floor in conventional manner.
What is claimed is:
1. An instrumentation buoy comprising an elongated spar having a center of floatation above the center of gravity so that the spar remains vertical in water, an annular float, the spar extending through the central opening of the float, and means interconnecting the spar and the annular float, said means providing free vertical and angular movement of the spar relative to the float between predetermined limits, the interconnecting means including a plurality of slack flexible lines secured to the spar at only one point along the longitudinal axis of the spar and secured to spaced points around the periphery of the annular float, the slack lines permitting the point of attachment to the spar to move substantially above or below the float.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spar has a negative buoyancy.
3. The apparatus of claim I wherein the spar includes a plurality of telescoping sections of hollow pipe, the larger diameter pipe being at the bottom of the spar.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slack lines are attached to the spar near the upper end of the spar and above the center of gravity of the spar.

Claims (4)

1. An instrumentation buoy comprising an elongated spar having a center of floatation above the center of gravity so that the spar remains vertical in water, an annular float, the spar extending through the central opening of the float, and means interconnecting the spar and the annular float, said means providing free vertical and angular movement of the spar relative to the float between predetermined limits, the interconnecting means including a plurality of slack flexible lines secured to the spar at only one point along the longitudinal axis of the spar and secured to spaced points around the periphery of the annular float, the slack lines permitting the point of attachment to the spar to move substantially above or below the float.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spar has a negative buoyancy.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spar includes a plurality of telescoping sections of hollow pipe, the larger diameter pipe being at the bottom of the spar.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the slack lines are attached to the spar near the upper end of the spar and above the center of gravity of the spar.
US00339414A 1973-03-08 1973-03-08 Fixed freeboard spar buoy Expired - Lifetime US3828380A (en)

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2349491A1 (en) * 1976-04-26 1977-11-25 Marine Exploration Ltd NEW MARINE BUOY
US4123813A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-11-07 Adams Ronald J Buoyant float and flag assembly
US4363570A (en) * 1979-10-30 1982-12-14 Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. Upper end mounting for deep water thermal conduit
US4490232A (en) * 1981-10-29 1984-12-25 The Laitram Corporation Wave-powered electrolysis of water
US4507093A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-03-26 Norvell James H Buoy device for automatic raising of submerged objects
US20040045609A1 (en) * 1997-10-30 2004-03-11 John Apostolides Vehicle fluid change apparatus
ES2257970A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-01 Instituto Canario De Ciencias Marinas Consejeria Educacion, Cultura Y Deporte Gobierno De Canarias Buoyage and environmental monitoring instrument for use on regatta courses, comprising an inflatable pneumatic platform and a modular mast which can be folded and transported in a reduced-size compact packing container
US20090130930A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-21 Matthew Tanaka Surface support station
US20100190394A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2010-07-29 Hine Roger G Wave power
US7918700B1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2011-04-05 Potthast William K Water and ice rescue device and method of performing a rescue utilizing the device
US8764498B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-07-01 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered device with one or more tethers having one or more rigid sections
US8808041B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2014-08-19 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft that harvest both locomotive thrust and electrical power from wave motion
US8825241B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-09-02 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Autonomous wave-powered substance distribution vessels for fertilizing plankton, feeding fish, and sequestering carbon from the atmosphere
US8944866B2 (en) 2011-09-15 2015-02-03 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered endurance extension module for unmanned underwater vehicles
US9051037B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2015-06-09 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave power
US9151267B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2015-10-06 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered devices configured for nesting
US9524646B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2016-12-20 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Navigation of a fleet of autonomous vessels in current and wind
US20170233967A1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2017-08-17 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Spill containment boom
US11078640B2 (en) 2017-07-24 2021-08-03 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Oil spill spread prevention by immediate containment
US11136737B2 (en) 2012-04-15 2021-10-05 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Rapid-deployment oil spill containment boom and method of deployment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1510595A (en) * 1923-05-09 1924-10-07 Harriette E Hodgson Life-saving device
US2310017A (en) * 1941-05-05 1943-02-02 Wells Gardner & Co Emergency transmitter
US3405558A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-10-15 Global Marine Inc Oceanographic instrumentation
US3671988A (en) * 1970-12-16 1972-06-27 Yetty Newman Aquatic amusement device
US3760441A (en) * 1972-12-06 1973-09-25 P Handelman Position indicating temporary buoy consisting of a telescopic collapsible pole

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1510595A (en) * 1923-05-09 1924-10-07 Harriette E Hodgson Life-saving device
US2310017A (en) * 1941-05-05 1943-02-02 Wells Gardner & Co Emergency transmitter
US3405558A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-10-15 Global Marine Inc Oceanographic instrumentation
US3671988A (en) * 1970-12-16 1972-06-27 Yetty Newman Aquatic amusement device
US3760441A (en) * 1972-12-06 1973-09-25 P Handelman Position indicating temporary buoy consisting of a telescopic collapsible pole

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2349491A1 (en) * 1976-04-26 1977-11-25 Marine Exploration Ltd NEW MARINE BUOY
US4123813A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-11-07 Adams Ronald J Buoyant float and flag assembly
US4363570A (en) * 1979-10-30 1982-12-14 Hollandsche Beton Groep N.V. Upper end mounting for deep water thermal conduit
US4490232A (en) * 1981-10-29 1984-12-25 The Laitram Corporation Wave-powered electrolysis of water
US4507093A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-03-26 Norvell James H Buoy device for automatic raising of submerged objects
US20040045609A1 (en) * 1997-10-30 2004-03-11 John Apostolides Vehicle fluid change apparatus
ES2257970A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-01 Instituto Canario De Ciencias Marinas Consejeria Educacion, Cultura Y Deporte Gobierno De Canarias Buoyage and environmental monitoring instrument for use on regatta courses, comprising an inflatable pneumatic platform and a modular mast which can be folded and transported in a reduced-size compact packing container
WO2006082266A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-10 Instituto Canario De Ciencias Marinas Consejeria De Educacion, Cultura Y Deportes Gobierno De Canarias Buoyage and environmental monitoring instrument for use on regatta courses, comprising an inflatable pneumatic platform and a modular mast which can be folded and transported in a reduced-size compact packing container
US10150545B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2018-12-11 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave power
US9623945B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2017-04-18 Liquid Robotics Inc. Wave power
US9051037B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2015-06-09 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave power
US10041466B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2018-08-07 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered devices configured for nesting
US9151267B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2015-10-06 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered devices configured for nesting
US11027810B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2021-06-08 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Float for connection to a swimmer in a wave powered vehicle
US11685494B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2023-06-27 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Method and apparatus for untwisting a tether of a water powered vehicle
US8668534B2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2014-03-11 Liquid Robotics, Inc Wave power
US20100190394A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2010-07-29 Hine Roger G Wave power
US10315746B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2019-06-11 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Cable for connecting a float to a swimmer in a wave powered vehicle
US9789944B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2017-10-17 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Cable for connecting a float to a swimmer in a wave powered vehicle
US7918700B1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2011-04-05 Potthast William K Water and ice rescue device and method of performing a rescue utilizing the device
US20090130930A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-21 Matthew Tanaka Surface support station
US8825241B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-09-02 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Autonomous wave-powered substance distribution vessels for fertilizing plankton, feeding fish, and sequestering carbon from the atmosphere
US8764498B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-07-01 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered device with one or more tethers having one or more rigid sections
US9524646B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2016-12-20 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Navigation of a fleet of autonomous vessels in current and wind
US9802681B1 (en) 2011-03-17 2017-10-31 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Autonomous wave-powered vessels and fleets for managing fish stock
US9353725B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2016-05-31 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft and electricity generator system for harvesting electrical power from wave motion
US10150546B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2018-12-11 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft equipped with a hybrid wave-powered electricity generating and propulsion system
US9688373B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2017-06-27 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft equipped with a wave-powered electricity generating system and a deployable tow buoy
US10549832B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2020-02-04 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft equipped with a hybrid wave-powered electricity generating and propulsion system
US11192621B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2021-12-07 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft and electricity generator system for harvesting electrical power for wave motion
US8808041B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2014-08-19 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft that harvest both locomotive thrust and electrical power from wave motion
US8944866B2 (en) 2011-09-15 2015-02-03 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Wave-powered endurance extension module for unmanned underwater vehicles
US11136737B2 (en) 2012-04-15 2021-10-05 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Rapid-deployment oil spill containment boom and method of deployment
US20170233967A1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2017-08-17 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Spill containment boom
US10544558B2 (en) * 2014-10-14 2020-01-28 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Spill containment boom
US11078640B2 (en) 2017-07-24 2021-08-03 Harbo Technologies Ltd. Oil spill spread prevention by immediate containment

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Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, A NY CORP.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GLOBAL MARINE INC.;REEL/FRAME:005294/0214

Effective date: 19891027