US3827903A - Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product - Google Patents
Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3827903A US3827903A US00149064A US14906471A US3827903A US 3827903 A US3827903 A US 3827903A US 00149064 A US00149064 A US 00149064A US 14906471 A US14906471 A US 14906471A US 3827903 A US3827903 A US 3827903A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- coding
- steel
- forming
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002690 malonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) formate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- POWFTOSLLWLEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasodium;silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] POWFTOSLLWLEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
Definitions
- Our invention relates generally to a metallic product which has been treated to make it identifiable at any stage of manufacture. More specifically, our invention relates to a product having a steel substrate which is so treated.
- the steel substrate to be coded is cleaned in any conventional manner. We prefer to use steel which has been electrolytically cleaned in an alkaline solution. The cleaned substrate is submerged in a bath of the coding compound and dried. The dried substrate, having a thin film of the coding compound on its outer surface, is then heated to a temperature high enough to degrade the coding compound and to diffuse the metallic cation of the coding compound onto the surface of the substrate. Finally, if a coating is desired, the coded substrate is plated or coated with the desired coating.
- Our process thus provides an easy method of coding a steel substrate requiring only one inexpensive step and produces a product with an unblemished surface, identifiable without deplating of the coating, if a coating is present.
- the coding compound should be a metallic salt whose metallic cation is not present in the steel substrate, or which is present in only a minor quantity, and which does not detrimentally affect the surface of the substrate, and whose anion degrades at or below the annealing temperature without producing a residue which would remain on the steel.
- nickel, cobalt, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium are suitable metallic cations.
- nickel, cobalt, magnesium and copper are suitable.
- Suitable anionic species include oxalates, formates, malonates, acetates and citrates.
- water is used as the solvent for the coating compound, we have found the formates and acetates of nickel and cobalt to be especially suitable.
- the coding compound may be applied by spraying, dipping, brushing or any other suitable and convenient means. Either the entirety or merely a portion of the substrate may be coated. The coded material is allowed to dry, to prevent solvent from entering the furnace, and is then annealed according to conventional practice.
- the solutions of the coding compound are preferably saturated with the coding compound.
- a slurry of the coding compound may be used.
- Low carbon steel such as is conventionally used as a substrate for plating with tin or chromium is the preferred substrate.
- the entrained solids picked up by the substrate as it moves through the coding bath remain on the substrate and increase the final concentration.
- more dilute coding solutions may be used. This procedure allows a wide variation in the concentration of tracer metal in the substrate after annealing.
- the dried metallic salt should be present on the surface of the substrate in a concentration of from about 2.5 mg./ft. to about mg./ft. In some instances, it is desirable to cold reduce the coded substrate to meet gage and strength requirements. In such cases, the concentration of the dried metallic salt should be at the higher portion of the stated range.
- the temperature of the bath is not critical. It is preferred to use the bath at room temperature to avoid the necessity of providing heating or cooling apparatus.
- the substrate, coated with the coding compound is heated to decompose the anion of the coding compound, which then escapes into the air, and to diffuse the cation of the coding compound onto the surface of the substrate.
- This degradation and diffusion step is preferably accomplished by the standard annealing operation for the steelsubstrate. However, it may also be accomplished by heating in a furnace to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the coding compound and preferably above 1000 F.
- overlay we do not intend to be limited to tin and chrominum, the two most common metals plated onto the steel substrate. Other metals may be used. Further, our invention is not limited to metallic overlays. We have found that organic coatings, and lacquer in particular, may also be used with our identification system.
- X-ray fluorescence is a means of analysis especially suited for use with our system and may be used in instances where the plating or coating on the substrate is not above about mg./ sq. ft. in thickness. Where this thickness is exceeded, deplating or decoating is necessary as a preliminary step to analysis either by X-ray fluorescence or by conventional wet methods.
- our process limited to plated or coated materials, although we anticipate it to have its greatest use in this portion of the art. It is also possible to use our system to identify the source of manufacture of uncoated or unplated material, by following the steps of our process as outlined above, but with the deletion of the plating step.
- the tracer metal may already be present in the substrate, provided it is present in such small amounts that the addition of the tracer metal gives an analytically detectable increase in concentration.
- EXAMPLE 1 A clean sheet of black plate (cold-reduced low carbon steel sheet) was dipped in a saturated aqueous solution of cobalt formate held at 78 F. This solution contained 13.4 grams of cobalt per liter. The sheet was removed from the bath when it was completely wetted with the coding solution and placed on a drying rack to dry in the air. The dry coated material was annealed at 1200 F. for 30 seconds in an annealing furnace under a protective atmosphere containing about 6% hydrogen and 94% nitrogen. The annealed product was cooled and transferred to the plating operation.
- the black plate was rinsed in water and subjected to electrolytic pickling in a 5 weight percent H 80 solution and a current density was 100 amperes/sq. ft. after which it was fed to a chromium plating bath.
- the chromium plated black plate was then analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and was found to contain approximately 14 milligrams/ sq. ft. of cobalt.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Priority Applications (14)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00149064A US3827903A (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1971-06-01 | Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product |
| CA142,783A CA961712A (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-23 | Diffused metal coded product |
| ZA723535A ZA723535B (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-23 | Diffused metal coded product |
| AU42705/72A AU465711B2 (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-25 | Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product |
| GB2532172A GB1391923A (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-30 | Diffused-metal-coded product |
| AR242254A AR193261A1 (es) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-30 | Producto metalico codificado y procedimiento para producirlo |
| BE784165A BE784165A (fr) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-30 | Perfectionnements relatifs au codage des produits metalliques |
| BR003536/72A BR7203536D0 (pt) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Processo nao deleterio para codificacao de um produto metalico e produto assim codificado |
| DE19722226544 DE2226544A1 (de) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Verfahren zum beschädigungslosen Kennzeichnen eines metallischen Gegenstandes |
| FR7219572A FR2141129A5 (es) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | |
| IT25158/72A IT960650B (it) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Processo di codificazione di un prodotto metallico e prodotto codi ficato con metallo diffuso otte nuto |
| ES403358A ES403358A1 (es) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Procedimiento no perjudical para codificar un producto me- talico. |
| TR17433A TR17433A (tr) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-06-01 | Yayilmis metal kodlu mamul |
| NL7207446A NL7207446A (es) | 1971-06-01 | 1972-06-01 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00149064A US3827903A (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1971-06-01 | Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3827903A true US3827903A (en) | 1974-08-06 |
Family
ID=22528651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00149064A Expired - Lifetime US3827903A (en) | 1971-06-01 | 1971-06-01 | Method of forming a diffused metal coded steel product |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3827903A (es) |
| AR (1) | AR193261A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU465711B2 (es) |
| BE (1) | BE784165A (es) |
| BR (1) | BR7203536D0 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA961712A (es) |
| DE (1) | DE2226544A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES403358A1 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2141129A5 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB1391923A (es) |
| IT (1) | IT960650B (es) |
| NL (1) | NL7207446A (es) |
| TR (1) | TR17433A (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA723535B (es) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3962490A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1976-06-08 | Ferro Corporation | Preparation of nickel and chromium substrates for ceramic coating |
-
1971
- 1971-06-01 US US00149064A patent/US3827903A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-05-23 CA CA142,783A patent/CA961712A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-23 ZA ZA723535A patent/ZA723535B/xx unknown
- 1972-05-25 AU AU42705/72A patent/AU465711B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-30 BE BE784165A patent/BE784165A/xx unknown
- 1972-05-30 GB GB2532172A patent/GB1391923A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-30 AR AR242254A patent/AR193261A1/es active
- 1972-05-31 BR BR003536/72A patent/BR7203536D0/pt unknown
- 1972-05-31 ES ES403358A patent/ES403358A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-05-31 DE DE19722226544 patent/DE2226544A1/de active Pending
- 1972-05-31 FR FR7219572A patent/FR2141129A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-05-31 IT IT25158/72A patent/IT960650B/it active
- 1972-06-01 TR TR17433A patent/TR17433A/xx unknown
- 1972-06-01 NL NL7207446A patent/NL7207446A/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3962490A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1976-06-08 | Ferro Corporation | Preparation of nickel and chromium substrates for ceramic coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7207446A (es) | 1972-12-05 |
| ZA723535B (en) | 1973-03-28 |
| FR2141129A5 (es) | 1973-01-19 |
| IT960650B (it) | 1973-11-30 |
| BE784165A (fr) | 1972-09-18 |
| AR193261A1 (es) | 1973-04-11 |
| AU465711B2 (en) | 1975-10-02 |
| GB1391923A (en) | 1975-04-23 |
| CA961712A (en) | 1975-01-28 |
| BR7203536D0 (pt) | 1973-05-10 |
| TR17433A (tr) | 1975-07-23 |
| DE2226544A1 (de) | 1972-12-28 |
| AU4270572A (en) | 1973-11-29 |
| ES403358A1 (es) | 1975-04-16 |
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