US3821959A - Reconstituted tobacco composition - Google Patents

Reconstituted tobacco composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3821959A
US3821959A US00191895A US19189571A US3821959A US 3821959 A US3821959 A US 3821959A US 00191895 A US00191895 A US 00191895A US 19189571 A US19189571 A US 19189571A US 3821959 A US3821959 A US 3821959A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gum
tobacco
sheet
composition
locust bean
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00191895A
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English (en)
Inventor
O Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMF Inc
Original Assignee
AMF Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE790017D priority Critical patent/BE790017A/xx
Application filed by AMF Inc filed Critical AMF Inc
Priority to US00191895A priority patent/US3821959A/en
Priority to CA150,507A priority patent/CA959368A/en
Priority to GB4043072A priority patent/GB1346124A/en
Priority to NL7211931A priority patent/NL7211931A/xx
Priority to IT12920/72A priority patent/IT1048438B/it
Priority to FR7235782A priority patent/FR2158879A5/fr
Priority to LU66283A priority patent/LU66283A1/xx
Priority to DE2251339A priority patent/DE2251339A1/de
Priority to JP47104547A priority patent/JPS4849995A/ja
Priority to CH1534772A priority patent/CH571831A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3821959A publication Critical patent/US3821959A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
    • A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention is for a new composition of matter comprising tobacco and at least one gum selected from the group consisting of film-forming, polar solvent soluble ether, ester and mixed ether-ester substituted galacto-mannan gums.
  • the process for preparing the new composition comprises mixing the tobacco, preferably in finely divided form, a polar solvent and the gum and agitating the mixture until a homogeneous composition is attained.
  • the composition is then formed into a sheet by conventional means, the sheet product having improved properties and which may be commercially used in smoking articles, especially a wrapper for cigars which has excellent wet strength as well as being more resistant to enzymatic degradation.
  • This invention relates to a new composition of matter. More particularly, the invention relates to a tobacoo and adhesive composition and tobacoo sheet material forrned therefrom and wherein the adhesive is a substituted galacto-mannan gum.
  • the invention encompasses a composition of tobacco and the substituted gaIacto-mannan gum set forth.
  • the invention is disclosed more fully as it is used in the form of sheet material and in which form its beneficial aspects and advantages may most easily be utilized.
  • finely ground tobacco is usually admixed with aqueous gum solutions to form a paste-like mass which is then formed into a continuous sheet by conventional means.
  • aqueous gum solutions Preferably, naturally occurring polysaccharides like Locust Bean and Guar Gum are used as the adhesives for tobacco sheet.
  • These naturally occurring galactomannan gums are preferred over Methycellulose gum.
  • wet strength is of special importance for tobacoo sheet which is to be used as wrapper for cigars in order that the head of the cigars do not disintegrate in thesmokers mouth and thus they have the required chewability.
  • Another advantage of polysaccharides of the galactomannan class over other water soluble gums derived from cellulose is their inherent high viscosity and the subsequent good strength of films made from such gums particularly when the films are made from either Locust Bean Gum, Guar Gum or combinations thereof.
  • these galacto-mannans are food approved additives and, as such, find widespread application in food preparation, enhances their desirability even further as adhesives for tobacco sheet manufacture, since tobacco products are also designed for human consumption. This added aesthetic value lends, therefore, further'weight to the preference of Locust Bean and Guar Gum for use in tobacco sheet manufacture.
  • the test method was the same as given for Locust BeanGum and also'involves sols of 2 percent solids content.
  • the vulnerability of galacto-mannan gums to degradation is further increased when the adhesive preparations made from them come into intimate contact with tobacco which is enzymatically active and thus, capable of degrading aqueous suspensions of polysaccharides.
  • the extent to which the enzymatic activity of tobacco affects the viscosity of gum solutions can be shown by the result of the following investigation.
  • a laboratory method to determine theenzymatic effect of tobacco on the viscosity of aqueous gum suspensions consists of the following procedure.
  • composition of matter comprising tobacco and at least one gum selected from the group consisting of filmforming, polar solvent soluble ether, ester and mixed ether-ester substituted galacto-mannan gums which is made by a process comprising mixing the tobacco and gum with agitation in the presence of a polar solvent to form an homogeneous mixture which may then be con- 1 4 verted to a film or sheet by casting and removing the solvent at elevated temperature.
  • Any derivatized galacto mannan gum may be employed in a composition of the invention.
  • the derivatives of naturally occuring galacto-mannan are preferred and of these derivatives, Locust Bean Gum and Guar Gum are the most preferred.
  • the galacto-mannan gums as employed in a composition of this invention are substituted, the substituents being derived from ethers and esters which may be present on the galactomannan material as either similar or dissimilar substituent groups, that is, where:
  • one of more of the available and replaceable hydroxyl groups of the sugar moiety is replaced by the same functional ether groups, such as methyl galactomannan, and the like;
  • hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety is replaced by different functional ether groups, such as methyl hydroxypropyl galacto-mannan, ethyl hydroxypropyl galacto-mannan, and the like;
  • ethers and esters can be obtained as derivatives of the galacto-mannans.
  • Compounds of this type are known, some being commercially available, and are prepared by procedures similar to those employed for producing'like derivatives from cellulose.
  • the lower alkyl types of these compounds that is, those containing from I to 3 carbon atoms. Consequently, these materials generally form the hydroxyalkyl and alkylhydroxyalkyl substituted galacto-mannan gums with the lower alkyl types, that is those containing from 1 to 3 carbons in the alkyl groups substituted on Locust Bean Gum and Guar Gum being the most preferred in the practice of this invention.
  • substituted gums of this type are hydroxypropyl Guar Gum, methylhydroxyethyl Locust Bean Gum, methyl-hydroxyethyl Guar Gum, propylhydroxymethyl Guar Gum and similar substituted galacto-mannan gums which are film-forming, polar solvent soluble galacto-mannan gums.
  • the amount of tobacco and gum may vary within wide limits, being compatible in all proportions. As a practical matter, however, enough tobacco is employed so that the composition has an effective tobacco content. Consequently, the tobacco is employed generally in a range of from about 20 percent to 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition and preferably from about percent to about percent by weight.
  • a polar solvent is employed in preparing suspensions and/or slurries to make sheet material.
  • polar solvents may be employed. These include water, the lower alcohols and esters. Examples of the lower alcohols are methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and the like as well as the lower esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and the like.
  • the total amount of tobacco and gum in polar solvent can vary widely being compatible in all proportions with at least enough present to form a slurry or suspension.
  • slurries and/or suspensions containing from about 8 percent to 20 percent by weight of tobacco and gum, based on the total weight of the mixture, that is, tobacco, gum and solvent can be used, with the preferred solids content being in a range of from about 10 percent to percent.
  • cross linking agent when water is a component of the system in a composition of the invention in amounts generally less than 0.5 percent by weight, to improve the moisture resistance of sheet material made therefrom.
  • Any of the known cross linking agents, such as glyoxal for example may be used.
  • the sheet so obtained can be shredded or otherwise comminuted and used as cigar or cigarette filler or formed into plugs for pipe tobacco and is also useful as cigar wrapper exhibiting excellent wet strength.
  • the substituted gums discussed in detail hereinabove not only are excellent adhesives which are more resistant to enzymatic degradation but also exhibit greatly increased viscosity in aqueous suspensions.
  • any conventional sheet forming process may be employed.
  • the composition is then cast in the form of a film on a heated metal belt which travels through drying ovens at a temperature sufficient to drive off the solvent that is, about 150F. to about 195F. at a belt speed in a range of about 15 feet per minute to 200 feet per minute to obtain a sheet material containing tobacco and gum as adhesive.
  • the gum is dissolved in part of the solvent and the tobacco, in finely divided form, is then suspended in the remainder of the solvent. Subsequently the two mixtures are combined to form the final slurry. On the other hand, the tobacco and solvent can be mixed and the gum subsequently added thereto to make the final composition.
  • the film forming strength and the capacity of the gum film to bind large quantities of tobacco into a useful tobacco foil is related to the viscosity grade of the gums employed in tobacco sheet. manufacture.
  • films made from higher viscosity grade gums exhibit superior strength characteristics than like films derived from lower viscosity grades.
  • the improved film strength is further shifted in favor of the high viscosity grades since the gum films have to be loaded with comparatively large amounts of tobacco in tobacco sheet manufacture.
  • the considerable viscosity increase of chemically modified Locust Bean Gum and the subsequently greatly improved film strength and loading capacity is of great value for the manufacture of tobacco sheet products, since it results in increased tobacco content in the sheet while maintaining the necessary strength as required for industrial application of tobacco sheet.
  • the increased viscosity and subsequent greater loading capacity yield yet another beneficial effect, characterized by the fact that the tobacco sheet made from the improved gums, exhibits greater elongation and the stress-strain curves of tobacco sheets become more like those of natural leaf. This improvement in the physical characteristics translates itself into better machinability of the tobacco sheet, resulting in the improved wrapping of complicated cigar shapes.
  • Cellulosic material in highly fibrilated form is an essential part of tobacco sheet composition and functions mainly as a reinforcing media of the tobacco loaded gum films. Since the quantity of cellulose fiber contained in a cigar wrapper sheet can affect the stretch and pliability properties of wrapper sheet proportionately, the reduction of the fiber content is of profound value. Thus, the workability of the tobacco sheet can be greatly enhanced and improved taste and smoking pleasure results from the diminished cellulose content in the tobacco sheet.
  • Adhesives were prepared in the pilot plant by making aqueous solution of unsubstituted Locust Bean Gum and Hydroxyethyl Locust Bean Gum in identical amounts of 2 parts of gum in the solutions.
  • the unsubstituted gum solution was used on the control.
  • the control solution also contained 0.8 parts of highly refined cellulose and the test solution 0.6 parts and both solutions also contained 0.05 parts of glyoxal and 6.8 parts of finely divided tobacco.
  • the tobacco, gum and water were mixed in a tank at ambient temperature (about F to F) to form a homogeneous composition containint 71 percent to 72 percent tobacco on a bone dry basis.
  • compositions so formed were then cast as films on a stainless steel belt moving at a rate of 60 feet per minute.
  • the belt was passed through drying ovens and was heated by impinging steam on the underside of the belt to bring the temperature to about F to remove the water and tobacco sheets were formed.
  • the sheets were suitable for cigar wrapper and had the physical properties set forth in the following table.
  • the breaking strength and wet braking strength were determined on a Scott Tester.
  • Example 1 Example 1 was repeated except that in the adhesive for wrapper sheet production, the gum was Hydroxyethyl Guar Gum.
  • the content of highly refined cellulose pulp in the adhesive preparation was again proportioned to be 0.6 parts of the total gum content and the tobacco content was 70 percent bone dry basis.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An adhesive for wrapper sheet production was prepared as in Example 1.
  • the gum employed was Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum.
  • the content of highly refined cellulose pulp in the adhesive preparation was again proportioned to be 0.6 parts of the total gum content and the tobacco content was 70 percent bone dry basis.
  • EXAMPLE 4 An adhesive composition for the manufacture of wrapper sheet was prepared as in Example 1.
  • the gum employed was unsubstituted, normally used Food Grade Guar Gum.
  • the content of cellulose fibers was adjusted to be in this case one part to one part of the total gum content and the tobacco content was 7O percent bond dry basis.
  • the gum fiber ratio conforms most closely to a standard wrapper sheet formula, and serves therefore, as a control for the substituted Guar Gums used in Examples 2 and 3.
  • a tobacco sheet was formed as in Example 1 and subjected to physical testing, the results being tabulated in the following table:
  • the cigar wrapper sheets were further subjected toan evaluation for their capability to wrap a complicated Perfecto shape cigar.
  • the wrapper made according to Example 2 and the wrapper made according to Example 3 were preferred over the control, made according to Example 4.
  • the overall appearance of the test cigars in comparison with the control cigars was that of a product of generally improved workmanship.
  • the tobacco products of this invention may be cigar wrapper, cigar binder and cigar or cigarette filler, and generally, contain more than two-thirds by weight, of tobacco, and may contain four-fifths or more tobacco.
  • film-forming as employed in this Specification and in the appended Claims is to be understood to mean a material, natural or synthetic, which will form a system with a polar solvent and which has the additional property of being loaded with another substance which it has the ability to bind into a continuous film when cast from the system formed with the solvent.
  • a natural tobacco or a tobacco substitute when employed in a composition of this invention, it is utilized in a comminuted or finely divided form prior to sheet formation.
  • a composition of the invention may include humectants, flavors and other additives, such as foaming agents and the like, if desirable.
  • a tobacco composition in the form of a continuous sheet consisting essentially of finely. divided tobacco and. gum as an adhesive, the proportion of tobacco based upon the weight of the composition ranging from about 20 to percent by weight, the said gum being selected from the group consisting of film-forming polar solvent-soluble ether, ester and mixed etherester substituted galactomannan gums.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US00191895A 1971-10-22 1971-10-22 Reconstituted tobacco composition Expired - Lifetime US3821959A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE790017D BE790017A (fr) 1971-10-22 Composition du type tabac et procede pour la
US00191895A US3821959A (en) 1971-10-22 1971-10-22 Reconstituted tobacco composition
CA150,507A CA959368A (en) 1971-10-22 1972-08-29 Tobacco composition and process for making same
GB4043072A GB1346124A (en) 1971-10-22 1972-08-31 Tobacco and tobacco substitute compositions and process for amking same
NL7211931A NL7211931A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-10-22 1972-09-01
IT12920/72A IT1048438B (it) 1971-10-22 1972-09-29 Composizione di tabacco e suo processo di fabbricazione
FR7235782A FR2158879A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-10-22 1972-10-10
LU66283A LU66283A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-10-22 1972-10-12
DE2251339A DE2251339A1 (de) 1971-10-22 1972-10-19 Neue tabak-komposition, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
JP47104547A JPS4849995A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-10-22 1972-10-20
CH1534772A CH571831A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-10-22 1972-10-20

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00191895A US3821959A (en) 1971-10-22 1971-10-22 Reconstituted tobacco composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3821959A true US3821959A (en) 1974-07-02

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ID=22707345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00191895A Expired - Lifetime US3821959A (en) 1971-10-22 1971-10-22 Reconstituted tobacco composition

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3821959A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
JP (1) JPS4849995A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
BE (1) BE790017A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CA (1) CA959368A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CH (1) CH571831A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DE (1) DE2251339A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
FR (1) FR2158879A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
GB (1) GB1346124A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
IT (1) IT1048438B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
LU (1) LU66283A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
NL (1) NL7211931A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4724850A (en) * 1986-02-05 1988-02-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for providing tobacco extender material
US4787402A (en) * 1986-02-03 1988-11-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for providing roll reconstituted tobacco material
US4880018A (en) * 1986-02-05 1989-11-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Extruded tobacco materials
US4936920A (en) * 1988-03-09 1990-06-26 Philip Morris Incorporated High void volume/enhanced firmness tobacco rod and method of processing tobacco
WO2013187402A1 (ja) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-19 日本たばこ産業株式会社 口腔用たばこ組成物
CN111733627A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-10-02 东北农业大学 一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法
EP3760056A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2021-01-06 Philip Morris Products S.a.s. Method for the production of homogenized tobacco material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102934836B (zh) * 2012-11-08 2014-06-04 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 一种提高造纸法烟草薄片生产过程中烟末提取液过滤效率的方法
WO2017011894A1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Uniquem Inc. Modified natural polymers as bitumen encapsulants

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2708175A (en) * 1954-05-28 1955-05-10 Max M Samfield Composition of matter consisting chiefly of fragmented tobacco and galactomannan plant gum
US3009835A (en) * 1960-04-06 1961-11-21 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Novel reconstituted tobacco compositions
US3404691A (en) * 1967-10-11 1968-10-08 American Mach & Foundry Tobacco product and process for making same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2708175A (en) * 1954-05-28 1955-05-10 Max M Samfield Composition of matter consisting chiefly of fragmented tobacco and galactomannan plant gum
US3009835A (en) * 1960-04-06 1961-11-21 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co Novel reconstituted tobacco compositions
US3404691A (en) * 1967-10-11 1968-10-08 American Mach & Foundry Tobacco product and process for making same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Industrial Gums (text) by Roy L. Whistler and James N. BeMiller (1959) published by the Academic Press pages 366 370 inc especially cited *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4787402A (en) * 1986-02-03 1988-11-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for providing roll reconstituted tobacco material
US4724850A (en) * 1986-02-05 1988-02-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for providing tobacco extender material
US4880018A (en) * 1986-02-05 1989-11-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Extruded tobacco materials
US4936920A (en) * 1988-03-09 1990-06-26 Philip Morris Incorporated High void volume/enhanced firmness tobacco rod and method of processing tobacco
WO2013187402A1 (ja) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-19 日本たばこ産業株式会社 口腔用たばこ組成物
EP3760056A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2021-01-06 Philip Morris Products S.a.s. Method for the production of homogenized tobacco material
CN111733627A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-10-02 东北农业大学 一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法
CN111733627B (zh) * 2020-07-16 2023-05-02 东北农业大学 一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH571831A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1976-01-30
FR2158879A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-06-15
DE2251339A1 (de) 1973-04-26
NL7211931A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-04-25
BE790017A (fr) 1973-02-01
IT1048438B (it) 1980-11-20
JPS4849995A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-07-14
CA959368A (en) 1974-12-17
GB1346124A (en) 1974-02-06
LU66283A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-01-23

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