US3820595A - Heat-exchanger - Google Patents

Heat-exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3820595A
US3820595A US00276173A US27617372A US3820595A US 3820595 A US3820595 A US 3820595A US 00276173 A US00276173 A US 00276173A US 27617372 A US27617372 A US 27617372A US 3820595 A US3820595 A US 3820595A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
tube
tube means
tubes
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00276173A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
E Tank
E Tiefenbacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler Benz AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3820595A publication Critical patent/US3820595A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/053—Flexible or movable header or header element
    • Y10S165/057—Flexing tubesheet

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A heat-exchanger, especially for vehicle gas turbines which comprises tubes arranged between chambers,
  • the thermally strongly stressed wall portions of the chambers are provided with expansion folds within the area of the terminations of the tubes in the chambers.
  • the present invention relates to a heat-exchanger, especially for vehicle gas turbines, which is assembled from tubes or pipes arranged between chambers within which flows a first medium, and from a housing enclosing the pipes, through which flows a second medium.
  • Such types of heat-exchangers are thermally highly stressed by high temperatures, by the considerable temperature drop of the individual media between inlet and outlet as well as above all by the large temperature differences between the two media, for example, between the strongly heated exhaust gases and the relatively cold suction air.
  • On these high thermal stresses caused thereby in the structural parts of the heatexchanger may be superimposed additional stresses conditioned by rapid temperature fluctuations, for example, during load changes of a gas turbine.
  • the fastening places of the tubes which are thermally loaded particularly highly, at their termination in the chambers are, for the most part, exposed additionally to considerable mechanical loads and stresses due to bending moments and tensional forces which are caused by the excess pressure of a medium.
  • the heatexchangers of portable or locomotive gas turbines are endangered thereby which requires smaller dimensions and a slight weight, and which for that reason possess only slight wall thicknesses.
  • the present invention is concerned with the task to eliminate the danger of damages due to high thermal stresses and to provide a heat-exchanger that is able to withstand also high loads and stresses. This is achieved according to the present invention in that thermally strongly stressed wall parts of the chambers within the area of the terminations of the tubes or pipes are provided with expansion folds.
  • the expansion folds equalize differently large thermal expansions due to their ready deformability so' that dangerous stresses which otherwise occur in particular at the connecting places of the pipes, cannot form.
  • individual expanding folds are inserted into cutouts in the chamber wall and are connected therewith, for example, by welding.
  • the expansion folds can thus be arranged in a simple manner at all those places, where the largest thermal expansions occur.
  • Such expansion folds can also be installed subsequently into the chambers of an existing heat-exchanger.
  • Another object of the present invention resides in expansion folds for heat-exchangers which can be installed also subsequently in the chamber walls of existing heat-exchangers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a single-pass cross-current heat-exchanger in accordance with the present invention, taken along line II of FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the heat-exchanger of FIG. 1, without housing thereof, and taken along line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a double-cross-current heat-exchanger in accordance with the present invention, taken along line III-III of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the heat-exchanger of FIG. 3 with the housing thereof removed;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating, on an enlarged scale, the expansion fold shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line VIVI of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, through an apertured plate of a further embodiment of the heat-exchanger in accordance with the present invention, taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view through the apertured plate of FIG. 7, taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view on the apertured plate according to FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a ring-shaped heat-exchanger in accordance with the present invention taken along line X-X of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 11 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view through the heat-exchanger of FIG. 10 taken along line XIXI of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view, on an enlarged scale, on a part of the apertured plate according to FIG. 11.
  • the single-cross-current heat-exchanger schematically illustrated in these two figures for a vehicle gas turbine essentially consists of a housing 11 through which are conducted the exhaust gases of the turbine, and of a tube or pipe bundle 12 through which flows the air and thereby absorbs heat from the exhaust gases.
  • the hot exhaust gases enter the heat-exchanger through the inlet aperture 13 and leave the same through the outlet or discharge aperture 14 in the cooled-off condition.
  • the air flows through an inlet pipe connection 15 into a chamber 16 and from there through the tubes or pipes 17 of the tube bundle 12 into the chamber 18 serving as discharge manifold or collecting space which they leave in the heated-up condition through an outlet pipe connection 19.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gases and of the air are indicated by arrows.
  • Wall portions 20 and 21 of the chambers 16 and 18 in which terminate the tubes 17 and in which the tubes 17 are secured are provided with expansion folds 22 and 23, respectively, which extend in each case in the flow direction of the hot gases between two adjacent tube rows 24 and 25 of the tube bundle 12.
  • the expansion folds 22 and 23 absorb deformations of the wall portions 20 and 21 which expand differently strongly under the influence of the hot exhaust gases and the cold air. As a result thereof, damages due to stress peaks in the thermally strongly stressed wall portions 20 and 21 within the area of the terminations of the pipes 17 are avoided.
  • the double-cross-current heat-exchanger illustrated schematically in FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially consists of a housing 26, in which are arranged tube bundles 27 and 28 that connect the chambers 29 and 30 with a chamber 31.
  • Hot exhaust gases flow into the housing 26 through the inlet aperture 32, circumcirculate the tube bundles 27 and 28 and leave the housing 26 through the discharge aperture 33.
  • Cold air flows through an inlet pipe connection 34 into the chamber 29 and continues to flow through the tube bundle 27, the chamber 31 and the tube bundle 28 into the chamber 30 which it leaves by way of the discharge pipe connection 35.
  • the exhaust gases during the flow through the housing 26, give off heat to the air flowing in the tube bundles 27 and 28 and heat up the same.
  • the strongest temperature differences thereby result within the area of the termination of the pipes 36 of the first row of the tube bundle 27, on which impinge at first the hot exhaust gases, in the chamber 29 from which starts the cold air.
  • expansion folds 38 are arranged in the thermally strongly stressed wall portions 37 of the chamber 29 which can readily deform.
  • the expansion folds 38 are, as can be readily seen from FIGS. and 6, welded-in into corresponding cut-outs 39 in the chamber wall 40 in such a manner that they project into the chamber 29.
  • the hollow space 41 surrounded by the expansion fold 38 is covered off with respect to the interior space 42 of the housing 26 by a sheet metal plate 43 in order to avoid that hot gases flow continuously through the expansion fold 38 and locally change the temperature field in an undesirable manner.
  • the sheet metal plate 43 is welded to the chamber wall 40 only with its one side 44, changes in shape of the expansion fold 38 are not impaired.
  • identical or similar expansion folds may also be provided in the corresponding area of the chamber 31 either alone or in addition to the expansion folds 38. This is applicable in particular if the air flows, not as indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4 but in a direction opposite thereto.
  • FIGS. 7 and 9 illustrate an apertured plate 45 of a heat-exchanger in which are secured the tubes 46.
  • the tubes 46 start from a chamber 47 and extend through the housing 48 to a further chamber (not shown).
  • expansion folds 49 projecting into the housing 48 extend through the apertured plate 45 and through some of the kept narrow so that the flow in the tubes 46 is impaired only insignificantly.
  • the ring-shaped heat-exchanger illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12 consists essentially of a cylindrical housing 52, at the inner circumference of which a tube bundle generally designated by reference numeral 53 is arranged ring-shaped between apertured plates 54 and 55.
  • the hot gases which give off the heat reach the interior space 58 of the housing 52 through a central inlet aperture 56 provided in an end face 57 of the housing 52 and leave the same after the radial through-flow through the tube bundle 53 by way of a discharge aperture 59 provided in the casing 60 of the housing 52.
  • expansion folds 66 extend through the apertured plate 54 and a portion of the tubes 63 of the tube bundle 53 within the area of the termination thereof in the apertured plate 54.
  • the expansion folds 66 are arranged radially and thus are disposed, similar as the expansion folds of the already described embodiments, in the flow direction of the hot gases.
  • Each of the expansion folds 66 is connected with three pipes 63.
  • individual ones or several expansion folds of different shape and dimensions may be arranged, respectively, at the thermally strongly stressed wall portions of the chambers within the area of the terminations of the pipes.
  • the cut-outs or openings for the insertion of the expansion folds may be fabricated, for example, by a conventional electro-erosive process.
  • the expansion folds in lieu of being welded, can also be connected with the chamber walls and the pipes by brazing or by any other known, suitable means.
  • An expansion fold structure for a heat-exchanger which includes tubes arranged between chamber means and a housing surrounding the tubes, a first medium being adapted to flow through the tubes and a second medium being adapted to flow through the housing, characterized by expansion fold means provided in thermally strongly stressed wall portions of the chamber means, said expansion fold means being connected to said wall portions within the area of a respective chamber means where the tube means terminate, and characterized in that an expansion fold means forms a substantially hollow space that is substantially closed off with respect to the interior space of the housing by a baffle plate secured at only one side thereof to the chamber wall.
  • An expansion fold structure for a heat-exchanger which includes tubes arranged between. chamber means and a housing surrounding the tubes, a first medium being adapted to flow through the tubes and a second medium being adapted to flow through the housing, characterized by expansion fold means provided in thermally strongly stressed wall portions of the chamber means, said expansion fold means being connected tosaid wall portions within the area of a respective chamber means where the tube means terminate, and characterized in that the expansionfold means extends across at least two tube means and into the interior space of the housing traversed by the tube means, the expansion fold means being of smaller width than the inner diameter of a tube means.
  • a heat-exchanger arrangement comprising:
  • chamber means bounded on at least one side by chamber wall means
  • tube means having open end portions terminating in said chamber means, said chamber means and tube I means being in fluid communication with one another for accomodating flow therethrough of a first fluid medium
  • housing means surrounding said tube means for accomodating flow of a second fluid medium through said housing means in contact with outer surfaces of said tube means to thereby facilitate a heat exchange between the first and second mediums
  • expansion fold means interposed between said tube 7 means and por tions of said chamber wall means for permitting thermal expansion movements of the tube means and the chamber wall means with respect to one another, said expansion fold means including a folded part in the chamber wall means which protrudes'into said chamber,
  • said tube means includes a plurality of separate tubes which are spaced from one another along the length of said chamber means and which extend transversely to said chamber means, said separate tubes and said chamber means being arranged such that certain of said tubes experience a greater temperature differential with respect to the flow of first medium therethrough and flow of second medium therearound than do other of said separate tubes, and wherein said folded part is positioned adjacent the connection of said chamber wall means with the tube which experiences the greatest temperature differential.
  • a heat-exchanger arrangement comprising:
  • chamber means bounded on at least one side by chamber wall means
  • housing means surrounding said tube means for accomodating flow of a second fluid medium through said housing means in contact with outer surfaces of said tube means to thereby facilitate a heat exchange between the first and second mediums
  • each of said folded parts intersect a plurality of said tube means, and wherein lines interconnecting the tubes intersected by respective ones of said folded parts extend substantially parallel to one another.
  • each of said folded parts intersects a plurality of said tube means, wherein said chamber wall means is an annular shaped plate extending around a central axis of the heat exchanger arrangement, and wherein lines interconnecting the tube means intersected by respective ones of said folded parts extend radially with respect to said central axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00276173A 1971-07-30 1972-07-28 Heat-exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3820595A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2138109A DE2138109A1 (de) 1971-07-30 1971-07-30 Waermetauscher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3820595A true US3820595A (en) 1974-06-28

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ID=5815266

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00276173A Expired - Lifetime US3820595A (en) 1971-07-30 1972-07-28 Heat-exchanger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3820595A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2138109A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2148085B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1387469A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT960995B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4344481A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-08-17 United Technologies Corporation Counterflow heat exchanger construction
US4615385B1 (en) * 1985-04-12 1994-12-20 Modine Mfg Co Heat exchanger
FR2588365A1 (fr) * 1985-10-03 1987-04-10 Valeo Echangeur de chaleur, en particulier pour vehicule automobile
DE9012199U1 (de) * 1990-08-24 1991-06-27 Siemens AG, 8000 München Wasserkühler, insbesondere für Heiz-/Klimaanlagen bzw. Motorkühler in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE102014112707A1 (de) * 2014-09-03 2016-03-03 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Kondensation von Dampf

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1387469A (en) 1975-03-19
FR2148085B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-27
IT960995B (it) 1973-11-30
FR2148085A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-11
DE2138109A1 (de) 1973-02-08

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