US3819951A - Polarity guard - Google Patents

Polarity guard Download PDF

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Publication number
US3819951A
US3819951A US00318760A US31876072A US3819951A US 3819951 A US3819951 A US 3819951A US 00318760 A US00318760 A US 00318760A US 31876072 A US31876072 A US 31876072A US 3819951 A US3819951 A US 3819951A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transistors
terminal
polarity
polarity guard
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00318760A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Moore
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Microsystems International Ltd
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Microsystems International Ltd
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Publication of US3819951A publication Critical patent/US3819951A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/60—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers including speech amplifiers
    • H04M1/6008—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers including speech amplifiers in the transmitter circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/60—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers including speech amplifiers
    • H04M1/6016—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers including speech amplifiers in the receiver circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M19/00—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems
    • H04M19/08—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems with current supply sources at the substations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polarity guard for insertion between terminals connected across a potential supply and a load means, the input polarity of which load means must be constant regardless of the polarities of the potential supply terminals.
  • the invention has particular application to, but is by no means limited to the field of telephony wherein a transducer must often be capable of operation from a telephone line, the polarity of which is variable but the transducer requiring a constant polarity input. Typical of such a transducer.
  • the present invention relates to a polarity guard for insertion between terminals connected across a potential supply and a load means, the input polarity of which load means must be constant regardless of the polarities of the potential supply terminals.
  • the invention has particular application to, but is by no means limited to the field of telephony wherein a transducer must often be capable of operation from a telephone line, the polarity of which is variable but the transducer requiring a constant polarity input.
  • a transducer Typical of such a transducer is a headset amplifier for powering an electret or similar microphone in place of the traditional carbon microphone.
  • polarity guard Two basic types of polarity guard have been employed in this application one being a full-wave diode bridge rectifier and the other comprising two amplifiers connected in opposite senses, so that whichever way round the amplifiers are connected to the supply, one will always be polarized correctly.
  • the latter of these approaches is difficult to achieve in practice, uneconomical and expensive.
  • the full-wave diode rectifier is simple, but the voltage drop thereacross is too great for telephone use, as will hereinafter be explained.
  • the circuit of the present invention provides a simple and efficient means of ensuring a constant output polarity with low potential drop through the circuit and has the further advantage of being usable with either field-effect or bipolar transistors.
  • a polarity guard comprises first and second input terminals for connection to a potential supply and first and second output terminals for connection across a load means; first, second, third and fourth transistors, said first and third transistors being of opposite conductivity type, said second and fourth transistors being of opposite conductivity type and said first and second transistors being of the same conductivity type, the control electrodes of said first and fourth transistors deriving enabling potential from said first input terminal and said second and third transistors deriving potential from said second input terminal, said first input terminal connected through said second transistor to said second output terminal and through said third transistor to said first output terminal and said second input terminal connected thorugh said first transistor to said second output terminal and through said fourth transistor to said first output terminal.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a full-wave diode bridge rectifier used as a polarity guard according to prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a polarity guard circuit according to the present invention.
  • F IG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the polarity guard is in fact a full-wave diode bridge rectifier having diodes D1 to D inclusive, input terminals A and B for connection across a potential supply and output terminals C and D for connection across a load.
  • Terminal A is connected to the anode of D and the cathode of D
  • the cathode of D is connected to terminal D and the anode of D is connected to terminal C.
  • Terminal B is connected to the anode of D and the cathode of D
  • the cathode of D is connected to terminal D and the anode of D is connected to terminal C.
  • the basic circuit of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. It comprises input and output terminals A, B and C, D, respectively input terminal A being connected to output terminal D through a transistor 0;; and input terminal B connected to output terminal C through a transistor 0, Q; and 0;; being of opposite conductivity type.
  • Terminal A is connected to terminal C through transistor Q and terminal B is connected to terminal D through transistor Q4 Q2 and 0., being of opposite conductivity type.
  • transistors Q, to Q inclusive may be either field-effect or bipolar transistors, depending upon the environment to which the polarity guard is applied. Suppose it is required that terminal D always be positive and terminal C always be negative. Let terminal A be positive and terminal B be negative.
  • transistors Q1 and 0; both be enabled to make the A D and B C connections.
  • terminal A be negative and terminal B be positive.
  • transistors Q2 and Q be enabled to make the A C and B D connections.
  • Q and Q of the same conductivity type i.e. both conducting current to or from terminal C, depending upon the required polarity thereof but selectively enabled by tying the control electrode of O to terminal A and the control electrode of O to terminal B.
  • terminal C is required to be negative, the current flow through Q, or Q would be from A to C or B to C, respectively depending upon which of Q; or O is enabled.
  • Q, and 02 both require positive enabling potentials and if terminal A is positive 0, will be enabled, completing the B C connection and if terminal B is positive Q will be enabled, completing the A C connection.
  • terminal C is unconditionally negative.
  • Transistors Q and Q are connected in precisely analogous fashion to ensure the unconditionally positive polarity of terminal D.
  • the minimum potential applied is the enabling potential, which forfield-effect devices is V and for bipolar transistors is V
  • the appropriate transistors are enabled, the only series drop is across the input and output electrodes of the transistors which is considerably smaller than the corresponding drop across the conventional diode rectifier bridge.
  • the appropriate enabling potentials are automatically applied, dependent upon the input terminal polarities, and the need for separate logic control circuitry is obviated.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the circuit of FIG. 2, using bipolar transistors.
  • the circuit comprises input terminals A and B adapted for connection to a power-supply.
  • Terminal A is connected through first resistor R to the base electrode of a transistor T
  • the emitter of T is connected to terminal B.
  • Terminal A is also connected to the emitter electrode of a transistor T the collector of which is connected to a terminal C.
  • the base electrode of T is connected through a second resistor R to terminal B.
  • Terminal B is connected through third resistor R to the base electrode of a transistor T
  • the emitter of T is connected to terminal A.
  • Terminal B is also connected to the emitter electrode of a transistor T the collector of which is connected to a terminal D.
  • the base electrode of T is connected through a fourth resistor R to terminal A.
  • Transistors T and T are both NPN type and T and T are PNP type.
  • a positive potential is applied to terminal A. This potential is applied to the base of T through first resistor R, and through fourth resistor R to the base of T
  • T is a PNP transistor
  • positive potential at its base will not cause it to conduct. T, however, conducts.
  • a positive potential is applied to terminal A
  • a negative potential is applied to terminal B. Since T is enabled, a negative potential obviously appears at terminal C.
  • the negative potential at terminal B is also applied to the base of T through R and the base of T through T Since T is an PNP type, the negative terminal at its base electrode causes it to conduct and a positive potential therefore appears at output terminal D.
  • terminal A is negative and terminal B is positive.
  • T and T conduct, and the potential polarity of terminal B is therefore passed to terminal D i.e., positive.
  • terminal C is negative.
  • terminal D must be positive and terminal C negative, regardles of the polarity of terminals A and B.
  • the total series voltage drop is across two collector-emitter junctions and is, therefore, cEsAT of 1) (VCE'SAT of 3) or (VCESAT of 2) (VCESAT of 4)-
  • cEsAT of 1) VCE'SAT of 3
  • VCESAT of 2) VCESAT of 4
  • these drops may be made almost negligible and using conventional bipolar silicon planar technology and with suitable device design, the total drop in the circuit may be as low as 150mv.
  • a polarity guard having first and second input terminals for connection to a potential supply, and first and second output terminals for connection across a load, said polarity guard characterized by first, second, third and fourth transistors, said first and second transistors being of one conductivity type, and said third and fourth transistors being of another conductivity type, the control electrodes of said first and fourth transistors being connected via first and fourth resistors respectively to said first input terminal and the control electrodes of said second and third transistors being connected via second and third resistors respectively to said second input terminal, said first input terminal being connected through said second transistors to said second output terminaland through said third transistors to said first output terminal and said second input terminal being connected through said first transistor to said second output terminal and through said fourth transistor to said first output terminal.
  • the polarity guard as defined in claim 1 characterized in that said first, second, third, and fourth transistors are bipolar transistors, the control electrodes of said first, second, third and fourth transistors being the base electrodes of said first, second, third and fourth transistors.
  • the polarity guard as defined in claim 2 characterized in that the first and second transistors are n.p.n. bipolar transistors and the third and fourth transistors are p.n.p. bipolar transistors.
  • the polarity guard as defined in claim 1 characterized in that the first and second transistors are n.p.n. bipolar transistors, the third and fourth transistors are p.n.p. bipolar transistors, the collector electrodes of the second and fourth transistors being respectively connected to the second and first output terminals, and the emitter electrodes of the first and third transistors being respectively connected to said second and first input terminals.
  • the polarity guard as defined in claim 2 characterized in that the first and second transistors are n.p.n. bipolar transistors, the third and fourth transistors ar p.n.p. bipolar transistors, the collector electrodes of the second and fourth transistors being respectively connected to the second and first output terminals, and the emitter electrodes of the first and third transistors being respectively connected to said second and first input terminals.
  • the polarity guard as defined in claim 1 characterized in that the first and second transistors are N- channel enhancement type field effect transistors and the third and fourth transistors are P-channel enhancement type field effect transistors.
  • control electrodes of said first, second, third and fourth field effect transistors are the gate electrodes of said field effect transistors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
US00318760A 1972-11-28 1972-12-27 Polarity guard Expired - Lifetime US3819951A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA157,645A CA954644A (en) 1972-11-28 1972-11-28 Polarity guard

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3819951A true US3819951A (en) 1974-06-25

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ID=4095111

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00318760A Expired - Lifetime US3819951A (en) 1972-11-28 1972-12-27 Polarity guard

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3819951A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4982950A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU5994273A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE805382A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA954644A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2345116A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2208243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL43027A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT999220B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7314973A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086624A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-04-25 Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated Current to voltage converter
US4319144A (en) * 1980-05-22 1982-03-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Single polarity circuit
FR2508745A1 (fr) * 1981-06-30 1982-12-31 Ates Componenti Elettron Circuit redresseur a pont de transistors a usage telephonique
EP0081864A1 (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-06-22 Motorola, Inc. Polarity guard circuit
FR2520950A1 (fr) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-05 Ates Componenti Elettron Circuit redresseur en pont de transistors, avec protection contre les surintensites, a usage telephonique
US4423456A (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-12-27 Medtronic, Inc. Battery reversal protection
US4473757A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-09-25 Intersil, Inc. Circuit means for converting a bipolar input to a unipolar output
US4763017A (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-08-09 American Standard Inc. Electronic bipolar interface circuit
WO1993025037A1 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-12-09 Gpt Limited Low loss telephone circuit
EP0396695B1 (de) * 1988-11-18 1994-03-02 Baumer Electric Ag Universalausgangsschaltung
US6404268B1 (en) * 2000-10-09 2002-06-11 Sunplus Technology Co., Ltd. Circuit for simulating zero cut-in voltage diode and rectifier having zero cut-in voltage characteristic
EP1528399A3 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-06-29 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Two-wire type current output sensor and IC therefor
US20100253144A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2010-10-07 Ford Timothy D F Method and device for lowering the impedance of a fet (field effect transistor)
US8054049B1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2011-11-08 Avaya Inc. Using battery orientation to control mode of operation
US20120075897A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-03-29 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Rectifier circuit and semiconductor device using the same
US20140002936A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Protection circuit
US20140091642A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2014-04-03 Samsung Electroni Co., Ltd. Device and method for controlling the polarity of a microphone of a terminal device
AT16411U1 (de) * 2015-04-27 2019-08-15 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Leuchtmittel-Konverter mit Verpolschutzschaltung

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5165608U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-11-18 1976-05-24
DE2639601C2 (de) * 1976-09-02 1985-03-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Brückenschaltung mit geringen Spannungsverlusten
DE2931465C2 (de) * 1979-08-02 1982-12-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung
DE3005383A1 (de) * 1980-02-13 1981-08-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Halbleiter-spannungsverdopplerschaltung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6712329A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-09-08 1969-03-11
DE1941363A1 (de) * 1969-08-14 1971-02-25 Licentia Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung fuer den polaritaetsrichtigen Anschluss einer mit einem Verstaerker ausgeruesteten Sprechkapsel in Fernsprechanlagen
US3700999A (en) * 1972-01-11 1972-10-24 Us Army Automatic battery polarizing circuit

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086624A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-04-25 Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated Current to voltage converter
US4319144A (en) * 1980-05-22 1982-03-09 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Single polarity circuit
FR2508745A1 (fr) * 1981-06-30 1982-12-31 Ates Componenti Elettron Circuit redresseur a pont de transistors a usage telephonique
US4423456A (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-12-27 Medtronic, Inc. Battery reversal protection
EP0081864A1 (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-06-22 Motorola, Inc. Polarity guard circuit
US4420786A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-12-13 Motorola, Inc. Polarity guard circuit
US4473757A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-09-25 Intersil, Inc. Circuit means for converting a bipolar input to a unipolar output
FR2520950A1 (fr) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-05 Ates Componenti Elettron Circuit redresseur en pont de transistors, avec protection contre les surintensites, a usage telephonique
US4763017A (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-08-09 American Standard Inc. Electronic bipolar interface circuit
EP0396695B1 (de) * 1988-11-18 1994-03-02 Baumer Electric Ag Universalausgangsschaltung
WO1993025037A1 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-12-09 Gpt Limited Low loss telephone circuit
US5633925A (en) * 1992-05-22 1997-05-27 Gpt Limited Low loss telephone circuit
US6404268B1 (en) * 2000-10-09 2002-06-11 Sunplus Technology Co., Ltd. Circuit for simulating zero cut-in voltage diode and rectifier having zero cut-in voltage characteristic
EP1528399A3 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-06-29 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Two-wire type current output sensor and IC therefor
US20060091879A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-05-04 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Two-wire type current output sensor and IC therefor
US7208941B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2007-04-24 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Two-wire type current output sensor and IC therefor
US8471414B2 (en) * 2005-06-24 2013-06-25 The Flewelling Ford Family Trust Low impedance polarity conversion circuit
US20100253144A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2010-10-07 Ford Timothy D F Method and device for lowering the impedance of a fet (field effect transistor)
US8054049B1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2011-11-08 Avaya Inc. Using battery orientation to control mode of operation
US20120075897A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-03-29 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Rectifier circuit and semiconductor device using the same
US8792260B2 (en) * 2010-09-27 2014-07-29 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Rectifier circuit and semiconductor device using the same
US20140091642A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2014-04-03 Samsung Electroni Co., Ltd. Device and method for controlling the polarity of a microphone of a terminal device
US9693163B2 (en) * 2011-08-31 2017-06-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Device and method for controlling the polarity of a microphone of a terminal device
US20140002936A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Protection circuit
US9001481B2 (en) * 2012-06-28 2015-04-07 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Protection circuit
AT16411U1 (de) * 2015-04-27 2019-08-15 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Leuchtmittel-Konverter mit Verpolschutzschaltung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7314973A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-30
IT999220B (it) 1976-02-20
CA954644A (en) 1974-09-10
IL43027A0 (en) 1973-11-28
FR2208243A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-21
DE2345116A1 (de) 1974-06-27
FR2208243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-01
BE805382A (fr) 1974-01-16
AU5994273A (en) 1975-03-06
JPS4982950A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-09

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