US3817045A - System for dispensing carbon dioxide - Google Patents

System for dispensing carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3817045A
US3817045A US00294734A US29473472A US3817045A US 3817045 A US3817045 A US 3817045A US 00294734 A US00294734 A US 00294734A US 29473472 A US29473472 A US 29473472A US 3817045 A US3817045 A US 3817045A
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Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
slurry
pressure
solid
charge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00294734A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Muska
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Airco Inc
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Airco Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US00294734A priority Critical patent/US3817045A/en
Priority to CA171,519A priority patent/CA990515A/en
Priority to FR7319212A priority patent/FR2201445B1/fr
Priority to BE131578A priority patent/BE800095A/xx
Priority to DE19732327128 priority patent/DE2327128C3/de
Priority to GB2625873A priority patent/GB1433789A/en
Priority to JP48061757A priority patent/JPS4975485A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3817045A publication Critical patent/US3817045A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C01B32/55—Solidifying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0176—Solids and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system for dispensing carbon dioxide, particularly a I slurry of particulate solid carbon. dioxide dispersed in liquid carbon dioxide, so as to produce solid carbon dioxide in a form suitable for use as a refrigerant.
  • the carbon dioxide is expanded from a source at a pressure above 60 p.s.i.g. to a zone at atmospheric pressure (0 p.s.i.g.) through a positive displacement device which transports a discrete, isolated charge of carbon dioxide from the high pressure source to the atmospheric zone without significant pressure drop.
  • the head pressure on the device, the quantity of liquid carbon dioxide transported, slippage in the device, etc. are controlled to provide for reliable dispensing of slurry, e.g., without plugging of the system.
  • Copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 258,962 filed June 2, 1972, incorporated herein by reference, is directed to a novel cryogenic material, more particularly, a pumpable slurry of finely divided, particulate solid carbon dioxide dispersed in liquid carbon dioxide.
  • This slurry is a mixture of solid and liquid carbon dioxide containing up to about 85 percent solids by weight, with the solid being in the form of finely divided, dispersed particles so that the mixture is fluid and pumpable.
  • the solids are in excess of about 10, or 14 percent by weight and it is desired to have as high a concentration of solids as possible and still have a pumpable slurry. Solids concentrations in excess of 50 percent by weight are preferred.
  • the slurry is a two .phase mixture that can exist at any pressure and temperature along the solid-liquid equilibrium curve for carbon dioxide.
  • the lowest pressure on this equilibrium curve is 75 p.s.i.a. (6O p.s.i.g.) and the lowest tempera ture is 70F., which pressure and temperature occur at the triple point, the only point on the curve where all three phases of carbon dioxide, i.e., gas, liquid, and solid, can exist simultaneously.
  • the solid particles in the slurry have a maximum diameter on the order of 3mm. or less and show little, or no tendency to agglomerate on standing.
  • the system contains liquid and gas, and, as the triple point is passed, it contains gas and solid. Therefore, liquid, typically available commercially at 300 p.s.i.g., is dispensed by allowing it to expand through the orifices of the snow horn and form gas and solid. The gas serves to keep the orifices clear of solid and the horn serves mainly to slow the gas. In reducing pressure upon a slurry as it is dispensed, however, the existing solid particles remain unchanged (except that their temperature decreases) and the liquid is con verted to gas and solid, thereby increasing the total amount of solids in the system. While U.S. Pat. No.
  • 3,660,985 discloses a system using very high pressures, 250 to 300 p.s.i.g., to handle carbon dioxide slush of low, i.e., less than 50 percent solids content in a snow horn, the existing solids in the slurry and the increased total solids in the carbon dioxide dispensed render conventional snow horns unreliable as dispensing devices for a slurry because such solids frequently cause plugging, particularly at lower pressures. Therefore, in order to recover the total refrigeration from a slurry of solid and liquid carbon dioxide, it is necessary to carefully control dispensing of the slurry.
  • an effective and reliable ,means has been designed to dispense carbon dioxide in the form of a slurry of solid particles dispersed in liquid having solids concentrations up to about percent by weight.
  • carbon dioxide slurry at a pressure in excess of 60 p.s.i.g., is fed into a positive displacement device hav ing a dynamic seal (sliding or rotating) that separates the high pressure carbon dioxide source from a low pressure discharge zone and is transported therein to the discharge zone which is at atmospheric pressure (0 p.s.i.g.).
  • a positive displacement device having a dynamic seal (sliding or rotating) that separates the high pressure carbon dioxide source from a low pressure discharge zone and is transported therein to the discharge zone which is at atmospheric pressure (0 p.s.i.g.).
  • an expansion engine to make and maintain a slush cryogen such as hydrogen is shown in US. Pat. No. 3,395,546, the use of such engine is to form slush from slush whereas in the present invention
  • Positive displacement devices suitable for use in this invention must accept at the entrance port of the device a discrete charge of slurry from the high pressure side into an isolation chamber and transport the charge in the isolation chamber without significant gas and solid formation in the chamber, i.e., with an essentially negligible or insignificant pressure drop, to the low pressure atmospheric discharge or exit port of the device.
  • the charge be physically isolated from at least one of the entrance and exit ports at all times so there is no continuous path through the device from the high pressure side to the low pressure side.
  • the device must discharge on the low pressure side with a minimum of restriction and each isolation chamber in the device must discharge substantially completely to avoid the return of solid to the high pressure side in the isolation chamber with attendant buildup of solid in the chamber.
  • the gas generated in the device is often sufficient to remove the solids from the isolation chamber, but it is desirable to also design the geometry, size and shape, of the chambers and exit port of the device to allow for easy removal of the solids. Removal of the solids can be further assisted by a downward orientation of the exit port although usually the gas generated and geometry are sufficient.
  • the positive displacement device can be a reciprocating, e.g., piston or plunger device, or a rotary, e.g., gear, double helix screw or sliding vane device, but in all cases, the liquid slurry is expanded through the positive displacement device under controlled conditions.
  • the device of this invention operates between constant enthalpy and constant entropy.
  • the expansion should take place at constant entropy, however, this is not possible in a practical expansion device, because constant entropy expansion corresponds to percent efficiency. If no mechanical work is performed, the engine has 0 percent efficiency.
  • gear device for example, it packs the area between the teeth with solid carbon dioxide and prevents the dev ice from transporting the carbon dioxide feed. Also, slippage across the face of the gears allows formation of solids between the face and the gear casing and prevents the gears from turnmg.
  • the amount of leakage, or slip per unit of time for a given displacement device is dependent mainly upon the pressure drop across the device and is relatively constant for a given pressure drop regardless of the rotational speed of the device.
  • the head, or inlet pressure of the device and the quantity of liquid transported in the device are controlled.
  • Leakage (slip) is tolerable up to about 50 percent but is preferably below about percent of the flow through the device.
  • the head pressure on the device is maintained above the triple point pressure, i.e., 60 p.s.i.g.
  • a sufficient pressure is used to force the solids in the slurry through the device.
  • the device is particularly suited for dispensing carbon dioxide at pressures below 150 p.s.i.g.
  • the slurry can exist at pressures above the triple point of carbon dioxide, there is no advantage to using a pressure above that necessary to avoid plugging of the device because the enthalpy of the slurry is always that of the triple point and the higher pressure offers no refrigeration advantage.
  • the use of higher pressures will increase slippage by increasing the pressure drop. The quantity of slurry transported in the device is maintained sufficiently high to supply enough liquid to compensate for the liquid lost by slippage.
  • slippage Since the amount of material lost by slippage in a given device per unit of time is dependent mainly upon the pressure drop across the device and is relatively constant regardless of the rotational speed of the device, slippage will add a relatively constant amount of solid to the liquid of the slurry internally of the device, although the total quantity of slurry, and therefore liquid, transported per unit of time in the device can be increased by speeding up the device.
  • the total quantity of slurry transported is always maintained sufficiently high that the total amount of liquid passing through the device, to which the slippage solids are added, is such that the concentration of solids in the slurry internally of the device is insufficient to cause plugging.
  • a positive drive is provided for the device of this invention; however, once the device is started, there is little, or no, need to provide positive drive since the head pressure of the carbon dioxide feed will provide the energy necessary to drive the device.
  • the positive drive can be used to advantage to slow the device during dispensing and prevent uncontrolled operation which could damage it.
  • the positive drive provides a means of controlling the amount of carbon dioxide dispensed since, in a positive displacement device, there is a direct relation between the amount of carbon dioxide transported and the rotational speed of the device. Accordingly, the device can also function as a metering device.
  • the rate of production of solid carbon dioxide is also a factor in causing plugging of the device.
  • the discharge opening of the device in all instances must be of sufficient size to accommodate the solids and gas generated during discharge and, preferably, the discharge opening is oriented to discharge the solid generated downward. It is also desirable to remove particles having a size larger than the isolation chambers of the dispensing device from the slurry. For this reason a screen is normally placed in the feed line to the device. Since the maximum particle size in the slurry produced in accordance with copending US. Pat. application Ser. No. 258,962 is about 1 to 3 millimeters, particle size is not a significant problem.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of a commercial system in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the preferred em bodiment of the dispenser of this invention utilizing meshed gears.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system for the production of carbon dioxide pellets, a commercially available form of carbon dioxide for use in refrigeration systems such as large freezer lockers.
  • the dispenser 12 produces solid carbon dioxide in the form of snow and carbon dioxide gas.
  • the gas is separated in a gas separator 14 and the snow is pelletized in a conventional pelletizer unit 16.
  • Carbon dioxide snow can also be used as a refrigerant, if desired.
  • Dispenser 12 is a positive displacement device in accordance with this invention and can be any one of several forms including meshed gears, double helix screw,
  • sliding vane s, etc. which generally are characterized in that the carbon dioxide is supplied to one-side of the device at a high pressure in slurry form, and the device transports the carbon dioxide in discrete, isolated charges at a controlled rate to a zone at essentially atmospheric pressure, thereby converting the liquid in the slurry to solid and gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the dispenser it is desirable that slippage in the dispenser, head pressure on the dispenser, rotational speed of the dispenser, etc., be controlled.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred dispenser incorporating two meshed gears 102 and 104 mounted in casing 103, gear 102 being driven by motor 106.
  • carbon dioxide is introduced from a source, e.g., line 10 at point A in the direction of arrow 110 at a pressure in excess of 60 p.s.i.g., and often up to 150 p.s.i.g., and is transported to point B which is at atmospheric pressure, essentially 0 p.s.i.g.
  • the carbon dioxide is transported through the dispenser in isolation chambers, e.g., 114, 116 formed between the teeth of gears.l02 and 104, to point B in the direction of arrows 112 and 113.
  • the product exiting at point B comprises, for example, approximately 18 percent gas and 82 percent solids by weight then a 60 percent slurry is provided at point A.
  • a small amount of the carbon dioxide will leak, or slip through space 118 between the gear teeth and casing 108 in the direction of arrow 120, e.g., from area 114 to 116, increasing the solids concentration in area 114. Slippage also occurs across the face of gears I02 and 104 at each end. Such slippage is kept to a minimum by control of tolerances in the gears and by control of pressure drop, etc. Screen 122 keeps larger particles from entering casing 108.
  • FIG. 2 A number of experimental runs have been made to dispense a slurry using a device as schematically shown in FIG. 2.
  • the device used had an inlet 54 inch diameter, two gears l i inch diameter, and a discharge opening in theform of a rectangle (having rounded comers) about I /4 inch by 2 inches.
  • Slurry entering the device was, in the latter runs, passed through a screen having a maximum opening of 0.095 inch; the largest dimension between the gear teeth was aboutOLl inch.
  • the solids concentration of the slurry ranged'from 10 to 63 percent and the head pressure on the device was between and 140 psi. g.
  • the device Before transfer of the slurry was effected, the device was cooled by feeding liquid carbon dioxide at 80 to 100 p.s.i.g. from a storage tank through the dispenser and forming snow. No plugging occurred during these cooling periods demonstrating the suitability of the device for dispensing liquid carbon dioxide. As the device operates between constant enthalpy and constant entropy, more snow is produced from the liquid upon dispensing through this device than through a conventional snow horn.
  • Table I contains from three representative runs made with the equipment, and operated as described above.
  • a careful analysis of 34 runs with the device of FIG. 2 revealed the following significant parameters considered essential to the dispensing of a slurry, particularly a slurry of high solid concentration, e.g., 50 percent or greater. Firstly, it is necessary to transport the slurry from the high pressure source to the exit at atmospheric pressure in relatively small discrete charges isolated at all times from one of the high pressure source and the exit with essentially negligible pressure drop during the isolation. Secondly, the slippage in the dispensing device must be kept to a minimum. Additionally, the head pressure on the device must be over 60 p.s.i.g., preferably over 80 p.s.i.g., and the quantity of slurry per unit of time should be sufficient to accommodate any solids produced by slippage. Since large particles in the slurry feed could clog the device, it is desirable to place a screen at the entrance of the dispensing device to filter the slurry of such particles and for the device to have a large exit opening.
  • a method for continuously dispensing a pumpable carbon dioxide slurry containing about 10 to percent by weight solid consisting essentially of particles of solid carbon dioxide dispersed in liquid carbon dioxide at a pressure of above 80 p.s.i.g. from a closed container at said pressure to a zone at essentially atmospheric pressure which method comprises admitting a charge of said carbon dioxide slurry in sequence to the chambers in a positive displacement metering device having a plurality of such chambers by placing said chambers in sequence in direct communication with said closed container to fill said chambers with carbon dioxide slurry at the same pressure as the pressure in said closed container, isolating the charge in each such chamber from said closed container, thereafter placing each such chamber in sequence in direct communica- 7 tion with said atmospheric pressure zone to which the carbon dioxide slurry is to be dispensed, thereby allowing the charge to expand into said zone and cause the liquid in the charge to flash to solid and vapor and simultaneously deliver into said zone the solid mixed with the vapor, and thereafter admitting to said chambers additional charges of said chamber
  • the method of claim 6 further including filtering the carbon dioxide feed to the device to remove solid carbon dioxide having a size larger than the chamber within the device.
  • a method for continuously dispensing a carbon dioxide slurry containing about 50 to 85 percent by weight solid consisting essentially of particles of solid carbon dioxide dispersed in liquid carbon dioxide at 'a pressure of about p.s.i.g. from a closed container to an atmospheric pressure zone which method comprises admitting a charge of said carbon dioxide slurry in sequence to each chamber in a positive displacement metering device having a plurality of said chambers by placing said chambers without restriction in sequence in direct communication with said closed container to fill said chambers with carbon dioxide slurry at the same pressure as the pressure in said closed container, isolating the charge in each said chamber from said closed container, and thereafter placing each said chamber in sequence in direct communication with said atmospheric pressure zone to which the carbon dioxide slurry is to be dispensed without restriction, thereby allowing the charge to expand into said zone and cause the liquid in the charge to flash to solid and vapor and simultaneously deliver into said zone the solid mixed with the vapor, the pressure drop in each said chamber during isolation of the charge being negligible, and thereafter admitting in

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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US00294734A 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 System for dispensing carbon dioxide Expired - Lifetime US3817045A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00294734A US3817045A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 System for dispensing carbon dioxide
CA171,519A CA990515A (en) 1972-10-03 1973-05-16 System for dispensing carbon dioxide
FR7319212A FR2201445B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-10-03 1973-05-25
BE131578A BE800095A (fr) 1972-10-03 1973-05-25 Systeme pour la distribution d'anhydride carbonique,
DE19732327128 DE2327128C3 (de) 1972-10-03 1973-05-28 Verfahren zur Überführung einer Kohlendioxidsuspension in eine Mischung aus festem und gasförmigem Kohlendioxid
GB2625873A GB1433789A (en) 1972-10-03 1973-06-01 Method of dispensing carbon dioxide
JP48061757A JPS4975485A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-10-03 1973-06-01

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US00294734A US3817045A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 System for dispensing carbon dioxide

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US3817045A true US3817045A (en) 1974-06-18

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US00294734A Expired - Lifetime US3817045A (en) 1972-10-03 1972-10-03 System for dispensing carbon dioxide

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US (1) US3817045A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS4975485A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE800095A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA990515A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2201445B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1433789A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5135553A (en) * 1989-06-27 1992-08-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Production of co2 pellets
WO1993012395A1 (en) * 1991-12-12 1993-06-24 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic production of blocks of solid co2 at low pressure
US5666821A (en) * 1993-04-29 1997-09-16 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Method for producing pellets for use in a cryoblasting process
US6442968B1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2002-09-03 Albert S. Elias Apparatus for rapid, high volume production of solid CO2 pellets
CN105848828A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2016-08-10 阿尔弗雷德·凯驰两合公司 用于从co2雪花产生co2球粒的设备以及清洁装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6065710A (ja) * 1983-09-19 1985-04-15 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd ドライアイスと氷の混合造粒方法及び装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US579866A (en) * 1897-03-30 Apparatus for solidifying carbon dioxid
GB298910A (en) * 1927-10-15 1930-01-15 Waldemar Hessling Process of and apparatus for obtaining solid carbon dioxide
US2011551A (en) * 1933-04-20 1935-08-13 Carbonic Dev Corp Method of manufacturing solid carbon dioxide
US2011550A (en) * 1930-12-26 1935-08-13 Carbonic Dev Corp Manufacture of solid carbon dioxide
US2084474A (en) * 1932-09-08 1937-06-22 Jackson & Moreland Turbine structure
US3354662A (en) * 1964-02-21 1967-11-28 Malaker Lab Inc Dynamic flash production of hydrogen slush
US3395546A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-08-06 Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp Process for making semisolid cryogens

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US579866A (en) * 1897-03-30 Apparatus for solidifying carbon dioxid
GB298910A (en) * 1927-10-15 1930-01-15 Waldemar Hessling Process of and apparatus for obtaining solid carbon dioxide
US2011550A (en) * 1930-12-26 1935-08-13 Carbonic Dev Corp Manufacture of solid carbon dioxide
US2084474A (en) * 1932-09-08 1937-06-22 Jackson & Moreland Turbine structure
US2011551A (en) * 1933-04-20 1935-08-13 Carbonic Dev Corp Method of manufacturing solid carbon dioxide
US3354662A (en) * 1964-02-21 1967-11-28 Malaker Lab Inc Dynamic flash production of hydrogen slush
US3395546A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-08-06 Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp Process for making semisolid cryogens

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5135553A (en) * 1989-06-27 1992-08-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Production of co2 pellets
WO1993012395A1 (en) * 1991-12-12 1993-06-24 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic production of blocks of solid co2 at low pressure
US5257503A (en) * 1991-12-12 1993-11-02 Liquid Carbonic Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic production of blocks of solid carbon dioxide at low pressure
US5666821A (en) * 1993-04-29 1997-09-16 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Method for producing pellets for use in a cryoblasting process
US6442968B1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2002-09-03 Albert S. Elias Apparatus for rapid, high volume production of solid CO2 pellets
WO2003038357A1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2003-05-08 Elias, Albert, S. Apparatus for rapid, high volume production of solid co2 pellets
CN100360885C (zh) * 2001-10-30 2008-01-09 艾伯特·S·伊莱亚斯 用于快速大量生产固态co2粒料的设备
CN105848828A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2016-08-10 阿尔弗雷德·凯驰两合公司 用于从co2雪花产生co2球粒的设备以及清洁装置
US20160271755A1 (en) * 2013-11-29 2016-09-22 Alfred Kärcher Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for producing co2 pellets from co2 snow and cleaning device
US9649745B2 (en) * 2013-11-29 2017-05-16 Alfred Kärcher Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for producing CO2 pellets from CO2 snow and cleaning device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2201445A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-04-26
FR2201445B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1976-05-28
JPS4975485A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-07-22
BE800095A (fr) 1973-11-26
GB1433789A (en) 1976-04-28
DE2327128A1 (de) 1974-04-18
DE2327128B2 (de) 1976-12-23
CA990515A (en) 1976-06-08

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