US3814167A - Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal - Google Patents

Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3814167A
US3814167A US00258671A US25867172A US3814167A US 3814167 A US3814167 A US 3814167A US 00258671 A US00258671 A US 00258671A US 25867172 A US25867172 A US 25867172A US 3814167 A US3814167 A US 3814167A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
tundish
compartment
stream
steel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00258671A
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English (en)
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F Listhuber
T Fastner
E Bachner
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ES ALPINE MONTAN AG
ES ALPINE MONTAN AG OE
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ES ALPINE MONTAN AG
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Priority claimed from AT485071A external-priority patent/AT328637B/de
Priority claimed from AT948371A external-priority patent/AT333454B/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/117—Refining the metal by treating with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/118—Refining the metal by circulating the metal under, over or around weirs

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a process for separatlng non- Appl- 258,671 metallic inclusions from'hot liquid metal, in particular from aluminum killed soft steel, in continuous casting 0 plants, wherein the metal supplied into a tundish is [3 1 Foreign App lc at lon y- Data guided at least once in upward d1rection to the surface June 4, 1971 Austria the metal p in said tundish under formation of Nov.
  • the invention relates to a process for separating nonmetallic inclusions from hot liquid metal, in particular from aluminum killed softsteel, in a continuous casting plant, in which the metal is supplied into a tundish and after formation of a metal sump covered by a slag layer permitted to flow out of said tundish through at least one draining tube into a water-cooled mould from which the solidifying cast bar is continuously drawn out; and to a tundish for carrying out such process.
  • Non-metallic inclusions decrease the shapeability of metals, lead to surface flaws in the rolled product and impair the mechanical properties of the end product.
  • Non-metallic inclusions in aluminum killed steels as a rule are aluminum oxides which are created while the steel is deoxidized. The aluminium may also oxidize to the formation of aluminum oxides when the aluminumcontaining steel gets into contact with air, e.g.
  • the flushing gas cools off the hot liquid metal to an undesired degree and also it is rather
  • the invention is aimed at avoiding the described difficulties and disadvantages and in a process of the kind defined in the introduction resides in that the total metal when flowing through the tundish is directed at least once in upward direction to the surface of the metal sump under formation of at least one stream of a speed greater than that of the metal in the tundish prior to the deflection, whereby a wave or bulging is formed at the surface of the metal or slag, respectively;
  • the invention utilizes for the separation in a singular manner the fact that the non-metallic particles compared to the liquid steel have a smallerwettability and specific weight.
  • the current of the metal directed from below in upward direction is to lead each metal particle and each slag particle to the surface once, whereby the non-metallic inclusions are absorbed by the slag layer.
  • the metal stream is to flow upwardly from 3 to 30 cm below the metal sump surface, its speed being adjusted to increase proportionally in a range of at least 3.5 to 31 cm/sec to maximally 17.5 to 45 cm/sec.
  • the tundish for carrying out the process according to the invention comprises at least one partition wall between inflowing and outflowing metal made of refractory material with at least one opening close to the floor, and is characterized in that behind the partition wall at least one canal of refractorymaterial directed upwardly is'provided, which opens at a distance below the metal sump surface in the tundish.
  • the cross section of the canal in which the metal flows upwardly is smaller than the cross section area of the metal which flows in horizontal direction through the supply part of the tundish, i.e. through that part of the tundish which lies in front of the separating wall.
  • the cross section of the canal in the tundish is suitably so dimensioned that for a certain casting output the chosen metal stream speed is obtained.
  • the canal cross section may be calculated from the relation casting output is equal to the product of canal cross section and desired metal stream speed.
  • the distance betweenthe metal sump surface and the upper margin of the canal directed in upward direction amounts to from 3 to 30 cm.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the tundish resides in that a hollow body of refractory material, preferably a tubular hollow body which is open on both sides, is arranged on the floor of the tundish, the throughflow opening(s) being provided in the lower portion of said hollow body, which lower portion, at least in part, is surrounded by a structural element containing -the canal or the canals.
  • a tundish according to the invention thus has a longer life.
  • the hollow body and the pedestal-shaped structural element surrounding the lower portion of the hollow body are made of one piece.
  • tubular hollow body may be pressed onto the floor of the tundish'and fixed in position by means of a cover that may be set onto the tundish, the cover having an opening for the supply of liquid metal.
  • Tundishes with partition walls for dividing the tundishes into several chambers or for changing the flowing direction ofthe metal are already known per se.
  • an interposed trough made of refractory bricks is used for supplying molten steel to .the continuous casting mould; this trough is provided with two communicatingly connected spacesfrom which the steel flows through a notch in a partition wall into a third space in which the outflow for draining the steel into the mould is provided.
  • tundishes according to the invention is the separation of non-metallic inclusions, in particular of aluminum oxide, from steels composed of 0 to 0.20 percent C, 0.25 to 1.60 percent Mn, 0.02. to 0.1 percent Al and if desired up to 0.30 percent Si, remainder iron and customary impurities, in particular from soft steels for cold rolled deep drawing sheets, in continuous casting.
  • nonmetallic inclusions in particular of aluminum oxide
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematical vertical sectional view of a casting ladle, a tundish and the upper part of a continuous casting plant.
  • F 10.2 is a vertical sectional view along line 11-11 of FIG. 1, likewise schematical.
  • FIG. 3 is a similar representation as FIG. 1 and shows the left part of a tundish according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the connection between the flowing speed v in cm/sec. of the metal stream and the distance a in cm between the metal sump surface in the tundish and the-upper margin of the canal which is directed upwardly according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematical vertical sectional view of a casting ladle, a modified tundish and the upper part of a Continuous casting plant, the section being made alongthe line VV of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of the left part of the tundish along the line. VI-VI of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodimcnt for the tubular hollow body with a shoulder containing the refractory canal, in a longitudinal sectional other, as it is used for a tundish according to FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of the tubular body according to FIG. 10. I
  • numeral 1 denotes the lower part of a casting ladle, from which the steel or another hot liquid metal runs as a stream 2 into a tundish 3.
  • numeral 4 denotes a partition wall made of refractory material which divides the tundish into two spaces 5 and 6.
  • the partition wall 4 is L-shaped in its vertical section; the horizontal leg which lies on the floor 8 and is fixed thereto is denoted with 7.
  • three horizontal .bores 9 are provided which are connected to vertical bores 10 so that the 'metal, whose flowing direction is illustrated by arrows, under formation of three flowing streams 11, is supplied in vertical direction to the surface of the metal sump in the tundish, whereby three waves or bulges 12 are formed.
  • the distance a between the metal bath surface 13 and the upper margin 14 of the vertical bore may amount from to 3 to 30 cm; when the distance is too small owing to operational variations in the metal bath surface 13- the metal may sink under the upper margin 14 and then the metal may be oxidized; when the distance is too great there is the danger that not all non-metallic particles, which are illustrated in dots, get to the surface.
  • the slag layer also protects the metal layer from oxidation and prevents an excessive heat dissipation by radiation.
  • the height of the metal sump in the space 6, the outflow part of the tundish is denoted with h,; preferably it amounts to from about 25 to 35 cm, and the thickness h of the horizontal part 7 of the separating wall 4 amounts to about cm.
  • the height h of the metal is somewhat greater, i.e., the metal bath level 16 in the inflow part is somewhat higher than that in the outflow part.
  • the speed v with which the metal stream flows out of the canals 9 and 10 is decided by the casting output or the throughflow amount per time unit and the canal cross section, the product of canal cross section and metal stream speed v corresponds to the casting output.
  • the metal stream speed thus may be adjusted by an adequate dimensioning of the canal cross section.
  • a specific adjustment of the metal stream speed is necessary in order to obtain the inclusion separating effect. It has to be adjusted in consideration of the distance a. In the following the relationship between a and v will be explained in greater detail.
  • Numeral l7 denotes the plane laid through the upper margin of the floor 8.
  • the casting tube 18 which in known manner may be closeable by means of a (not shown) liftable and lowerable stopper is inserted into the opening of a water-cooled continuous casting mould 19, from which the cast bar 20 having a still liquid core 21 and a solidified bar shell 2 is continuously drawn out.
  • Numeral 23 denotes supporting and guiding rolls.
  • the casting level is suitably covered by a layer of casting powder 24 as a protection against oxidation and heat dissipation. When casting is ended the steel remaining in the inflow, part of the tundish may be drained by opening a tapping hole 25.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates 'the formation of three metal streams ll issuing from the bores 9 and I0, respectively, and forming waves or bulges 12 without rupturing the slag layer 15.
  • separating wall 26 having a throughflow opening 27 close tothe floor 8 is provided. Behind the separating wall 26 the floor 8 is provided with a step 28, whose vertical part together with the separating wall 26 forms a vertical canal 29 from which a metal stream 30'flows upwardly towards the slag layer 15 giving off the non-metallic inclusions contained therein, under formation of a bulge 31.
  • the distance a is shown in cm and, on the ordinate the speed v of the metal stream flowing freely in upward direction from the bores 10 or the canal 29 is shown in cm/sec.
  • the appropriate speed v is to'lie in the hatched field A; the speed thus may amount to from 3.5 to 17.5 cm/sec, when a has the smallest value, and increase proportionally up to maximally 31.0 to 45 cm/sec. when a has the greatest value.
  • numeral 1 denotes the lower part of a casting ladle from which a metal stream 2 flowsinto the tundish 3.
  • Numeral 38 denotes a refractory tube which is open on both sides and provided with a lateral shoulder 39 with canals 40, 41 directed upwardly and which are connected with throughflow openings 42, 43 arranged close to the floor (FIG. 6).
  • the tube 38 with its shoulder 39 rests on the floor 8 of the tundish 3; if desired, a refractory mass may be inserted between the contact areas, in order to seal the inner area of the tube against the tundish.
  • the tube 38 has an about square cross section which is greater than that of the metal stream 2. The tube 38 penetrates the metal sump in the tundish.
  • Numeral 44 denotes a refractory cover that may be set upon the tundish 3; the cover has an opening 45 through which the metal stream 2 may enter.
  • This cover 44 lies on the upper margin of the tube 38 and presses the tube together with the shoulder 39 firmly against the floor 8 with its own weight, which isgreater than the buoyancy lift of the tube 38 generated bythe metal sump.
  • the tube 38 encloses themetal stream 2 during casting, an erosion of the side walls or of the front wall of the tundish 3 is avoided. Owing to the relatively small cross section and the small wall thickness of the tube 38 no great temperature losses occur while the metal flows through.
  • the arrows denoted with numeral 11 indicate the current issuing from the canal 40, which current produces on the metal sump surface a wave or bulge 12 without rupturing the slag layer 15.
  • the slag layer 15 receives the non-metallic inclusions of the liquid metal as soon as they get to the surface.
  • Numeral 23 denotes supporting and guiding rollers.
  • the metal level in the continuous casting mould 19 is covered by a layer 24 of casting powder.
  • Numeral 46 is a liftable and lowerable stopper for closing the casting tube 18 or for regulating the metal supply into the continuous casting mould l9.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 another embodiment of the tubular hollow body is shown, which is provided with a circular cross section; the shoulder 48, which is integrally connected with the tube 47 is provided with a single canal 49 directed in upward direction and connected with a corresponding opening 50 in the lateral wall of the tube 47.
  • numeral 51 denotes a tundish having a form similar to a inverted U; at the ends of the legs 52, 53 casting tubes 54, 55 are arranged each of which leads to one continuous casting mould.
  • the hollow body 56 for deflecting the liquid metal is present in the middle part. As illustrated in detail in FIGS. 10 and 11 it comprises the tubular part 57 with an about square cross section and two opposed pedestal-shaped shoulders 58, 59 each of which is provided with canals 60, 61 and 62, 63, respectively, which are directed in upward direction and connected with corresponding openings 64, 65 and 66, 67, respectively, in the lateral wall of the tube 57.
  • thetotal steel amount may be deflected upwardly and into the direction of the arrows in FIG. 9 via the casting tubes 54, 55 to two continuous casting plants.
  • tubular hollow body may also be provided with other cross sections, and also other shoulders with canals that are directed upwardly may be present.
  • the tube shaped hollow body with its shoulders is preferably formed in one piece of refractory ramming mass, in particular of mass containing a high degree of alumina, and burnt.
  • Example I On a continuous casting plant for steel slabs a steel comprising balance iron was cast. and a tundish according to FIG. 1 was used. The mould cross section amounted to 1,300 X 225 mm andthe lowering speed of the bar amounted to 0.73 vm/min; this makes for a casting output of 1.5 MT/min. v was fixed with about 13 cm/sec. from which a total cross section for the bores 9, of about 275cm was calculated; thus. each of the three bores 9 and 10 distributed uniformly over the cross section of the tundish had a cross section of 10.8 cm. b amounted to cm.
  • the metal sump was adjusted to aheight 'h, of to 28 cm so that a amounted to from 5 m8 cm.
  • the means width of the tundish 6 amounted to about 75 cm and a mean cross section of the steel in front of or behind the separating wall 4 was calculated LII the wastes owing to metallurgically caused surface flaws.
  • the sheets were cold rolled.
  • Example 2 On the same continuous casting plant a steel comprising:
  • a tundish according to FIG. 1 was used, which, instead of three circular bores 9, 10, had a single rectangular canal for deflecting the steel and accelerating its flowing speed.
  • the mould cross section amounted'to 1,000 X 225 mm and the lowering speed of the bar amounted to 0.75 m/min; this resulting in a casting output of 1.18 MT/min.
  • v was adjusted to about 22 cm/sec which corresponds to a cross section of about 128 cm h amounted to 15 cm.
  • the metal sump was adjusted to a height h, of 28 to 31 cm, so that a amounted to from 13 to 16 cm.
  • the cross section of the steel in the tundish in front of or behind the separating wall amounted to from 2,100 to 2,330 cm in these areas thus the current speed of the steel is about 16 to 18 times smaller than in the rectangular canal cross section of about 128 cm Also under these conditions the separation of the aluminum oxides from the steel was satisfactory.
  • the waste At a loss due to flaming of only 0.5 percent by weight the waste amounted only to 0.7 percent of sheets produced from these slabs owing to metallurgical surface flaws.
  • a process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid steel comprising to 0.20 percent C, 0.25 to 1.60 percent Mn, 0.02 to 0.1 percent Al and O to 30 percent Si, balance iron, in a tundish of a continuous casting plant, said tundish being separated into first and second compartments and containing a liquid metal sump covered by a slag layer in the second compartment, comprising the steps of:
  • the metal in the first compartment of the tundish into the second compartment of the tundish in the form of at least one stream of metal, said stream originating at a preselected distance of from 3 to 30 cm below the metal sump surface in the second compartment and being directed at a speed in a certain range in an upward direction to impinge against the slag and form a wave therein, the speed of said stream being adjusted to remain within a range of from 3.5 to 3] cm/sec when the preselected distance is 3 cm and linearly increasing with distance to range of from 17.5 to 45 cm/sec when the preselected distance is 30 cm; and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US00258671A 1971-06-04 1972-06-01 Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal Expired - Lifetime US3814167A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT485071A AT328637B (de) 1971-06-04 1971-06-04 Verfahren zur abscheidung von nichtmetallischen einschlussen aus schmelzflussigem metall und zwischengefass zur durchfuhrung dieses verfahrens
AT948371A AT333454B (de) 1971-11-04 1971-11-04 Zwischengefass zum abscheiden von nichtmetallischen einschlussen aus schmelzflussigem metall

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US (1) US3814167A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5225810B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE784320A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA963630A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH548807A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES403455A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2140198B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1386174A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT958203B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865175A (en) * 1972-02-03 1975-02-11 Voest Ag Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal
US3887171A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for purifying in continuous casting silicon- and/or aluminium-killed steel
US3907163A (en) * 1973-01-18 1975-09-23 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material
US3940264A (en) * 1972-06-05 1976-02-24 Granges Essem Aktiebolag Method of distributing molten metal to consumer stations
US4125146A (en) * 1973-08-07 1978-11-14 Ernst Muller Continuous casting processes and apparatus
US4770395A (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-09-13 Sidbec Dosco Inc. Tundish
US4776570A (en) * 1987-07-08 1988-10-11 Sidbec Dosco Inc. Ladle stream breaker
US4793596A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-12-27 Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. Apparatus for and a method of rapidly discharging a molten metal from its supply system of a pressurized holding furnace
US5004495A (en) * 1990-02-05 1991-04-02 Labate M D Method for producing ultra clean steel
US5133535A (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-07-28 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Impact pad with horizontal flow guides
US5171358A (en) * 1991-11-05 1992-12-15 General Electric Company Apparatus for producing solidified metals of high cleanliness
US5511766A (en) * 1993-02-02 1996-04-30 Usx Corporation Filtration device
US5551672A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-09-03 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for controlling molten metal flow in a tundish to enhance inclusion float out from a molten metal bath

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE794856A (fr) * 1972-02-03 1973-05-29 Voest Ag Tube refractaire pour couler des metaux en fusion, et processus de fabrication
US4995592A (en) * 1988-12-22 1991-02-26 Foseco International Limited Purifying molten metal

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US214746A (en) * 1879-04-29 Improvement in runners or head-gates for molds
US3094424A (en) * 1960-08-02 1963-06-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Sintered refractory material
US3578064A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-05-11 Inland Steel Co Continuous casting apparatus
US3648761A (en) * 1969-07-29 1972-03-14 Mannesmann Ag Apparatus for distributing molten steel in a mold for a continuous casting

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941566C (de) * 1937-06-10 1956-04-12 Helene Junghans Geb Sigel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Stranggiessen
US2571033A (en) * 1948-01-13 1951-10-09 Babcock & Wilcox Tube Company Apparatus for pouring molten metal
FR95190E (fr) * 1965-11-15 1970-07-31 Est Aciers Fins Installation pour la coulée continue de l'acier.
US3517726A (en) * 1969-08-04 1970-06-30 Inland Steel Co Method of introducing molten metal into a continuous casting mold

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US214746A (en) * 1879-04-29 Improvement in runners or head-gates for molds
US3094424A (en) * 1960-08-02 1963-06-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Sintered refractory material
US3578064A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-05-11 Inland Steel Co Continuous casting apparatus
US3648761A (en) * 1969-07-29 1972-03-14 Mannesmann Ag Apparatus for distributing molten steel in a mold for a continuous casting

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865175A (en) * 1972-02-03 1975-02-11 Voest Ag Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal
US3940264A (en) * 1972-06-05 1976-02-24 Granges Essem Aktiebolag Method of distributing molten metal to consumer stations
US3907163A (en) * 1973-01-18 1975-09-23 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material
US3887171A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for purifying in continuous casting silicon- and/or aluminium-killed steel
US4125146A (en) * 1973-08-07 1978-11-14 Ernst Muller Continuous casting processes and apparatus
US4793596A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-12-27 Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. Apparatus for and a method of rapidly discharging a molten metal from its supply system of a pressurized holding furnace
US4770395A (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-09-13 Sidbec Dosco Inc. Tundish
US4776570A (en) * 1987-07-08 1988-10-11 Sidbec Dosco Inc. Ladle stream breaker
US5004495A (en) * 1990-02-05 1991-04-02 Labate M D Method for producing ultra clean steel
US5133535A (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-07-28 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Impact pad with horizontal flow guides
US5171358A (en) * 1991-11-05 1992-12-15 General Electric Company Apparatus for producing solidified metals of high cleanliness
US5511766A (en) * 1993-02-02 1996-04-30 Usx Corporation Filtration device
US5551672A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-09-03 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for controlling molten metal flow in a tundish to enhance inclusion float out from a molten metal bath

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5225810B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-07-09
ES403455A1 (es) 1975-11-16
FR2140198A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12
CA963630A (en) 1975-03-04
IT958203B (it) 1973-10-20
CH548807A (de) 1974-05-15
FR2140198B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-06-02
BE784320A (fr) 1972-10-02
GB1386174A (en) 1975-03-05

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