US3812907A - Heat exchangers - Google Patents

Heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3812907A
US3812907A US00251238A US25123872A US3812907A US 3812907 A US3812907 A US 3812907A US 00251238 A US00251238 A US 00251238A US 25123872 A US25123872 A US 25123872A US 3812907 A US3812907 A US 3812907A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
shell
tube
tubes
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00251238A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Linning
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Atomic Energy Authority filed Critical UK Atomic Energy Authority
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3812907A publication Critical patent/US3812907A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/06—Expandable casing for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/061—Expandable casing for cylindrical heat exchanger for plural cylindrical heat exchangers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heat exchangers and in particular to that kind of heat exchanger in which a bundle of parallel heat exchanger tubes extend between tube plates at either end of the bundle.
  • the heat exchanger tubes are connected at their ends with holes in the tube plates, for example by welding.
  • the bundle of heat exchanger tubes is disposed within an outer shell or container to which the tube plates are secured.
  • a heat exchanger for example, as a steam generator or steam superheater, a liquid metal heat transfer medium, such as sodium, is passed through the shell over the tubes and water, for steam generation, or steam for superheating is passed through the tubes.
  • a liquid metal heat transfer medium such as sodium
  • the heat exchange is between fluids which will react violently if they come into contact for example by escape of steam or water into the bulk sodium in the shell through a faulty tube/tube plate weld.
  • Current designs of sodium/water heat exchangers rely on the excellence of tube and tube/tube plate weld production and inspection to provide a high degree of integrity.
  • Copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 20,903, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,680,627 relates to a tube-inshell" type of heat exchanger in which the high pressure water/steam is accommodated in the shell and the sodium within the tubes, so that tube failure cannot propogate by overheating and corrosion of further tubes adjacent to the failed tube.
  • the shell and tube plates again have to be of considerable thickness to withstand the high internal pressure.
  • tube in shell type heat exchangers means have to be providedto accommodate for differential longitudinal thermal expansion of the tubes relative to the shell both on rise to the steady thermal state and under transient conditions. This can be achieved by making the tubes of U-shaped configuration within the shell, with both tube plates located at the one end of the shell.
  • the tubes are of .l or hockey stick configuration within a shell of similar shape, so that the tube plate at one end of the shell is in a plane at right angles to the plane of location of the tube plate at the other end of the shell.
  • each tube plate is secured along its outer edge to the shell of the heat exchanger by an intermediate annular member extending across a gap between the outer edge of the tube plate and the shell, the radial cross-section of the annular member being of arched form.
  • the radial cross section of the annular member is semi-circular so that the annular member is in the form of half of a tubular toroid.
  • the annular member is preferably arranged with its inner and outer edges substantially in the plane in which the tube plate lies, the inner and outer edges of the annular member being joined with the tube plate and the shell by welding.
  • the arched radial cross section of the annular member makes it of a high pressure containing capacity so that the annular member can be made of relatively thin material.
  • the annular member has a degree of flexibility in the direction normal to the plane of the tube plateso that the tube plate can move longitudinally with respect to the heat exchanger shell, to accommodate for relative longitudinal thermal expansion between the heat exchanger tubes and the shell.
  • the annular member can be made of laminated form.
  • This type of thermal insulation structure has a main disadvantage of high cost of manufacture, since it is necessary to drill several thousands of holes in the baffle plate for penetration of the baffle plates by the ends of the heat exchanger tubes.
  • the economic penalty is particularly high where a high degree of thermal insulation is required which is achieved by the provision of such a thermal insulation structure consisting of a substantial number of baffle plates.
  • a further possible disadvantage stems from the fact that the spaces between the tube plates have only llimited access to the main body of the heat exchanger shell.
  • the said thermal insulation also has the advantage of cheapness since, for instance, it is not necessary to drill large numbers of holes in a series of plates to produce the necessary baffles.
  • the degree of thermal insulation achieved is merely dependent on the depth of the plate members. A high degree of thermal insulation can be achieved by simply making the plate members of sufficient depth.
  • the thermal insulation of the invention is easy to assembly with respect to the tube plates it merely being necessary to interpose the series of plate members edge on to the tube plate between parallel rows of the heat exchanger tubes.
  • the plate members forming the insulation may be supported from their ends by a ring mounted on the face of the tube plate encircling the heat exchanger tubes. Alternatively a supporting ring for the plate members may be mounted around the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell just beneath the level of the tube plate.
  • FIG. l is a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger incorporating the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal section illustrating a modification of the tube/tube plate assembly of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. l,
  • FIG. 3 is a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 3 and shows, on a larger scale, a detail of an alternative arrangement.
  • the heat exchanger shown in the FIG. l of the drawings comprises a cylindrical shell l containing a bundle of parallel heat exchanger tubes 2.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 2 extend longitudinally through the shell l between tube plates 3 located at each end of the shell l.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 2 are spaced and transversely located in the shell l, either by grids at spaced intervals along the length of the tubes l, or, alternatively, the tubes 2 may be spaced by being wire wrapped or by integral tins on the tubes the tubes being held together in the bundle by an outer wrapper arrangement such as is disclosed in said copending application Ser. No. 20,903.
  • the shell l has an inlet branch 4 at its lower end and an outlet branch 5 at its upper end.
  • the tubes 2 extend through holes 6 in the tube plate 3 at the upper end of the shell l and connect at their upper ends with an inlet header 7.
  • the tubes 2 extend through holes 6 in the tube plate 3 at the lower end of the shell l and connect at their lower ends with an outlet header 8.
  • the tubes 2 are brazed in passage through the holes 6 in the tube plates 3 and are also brazed at their ends in connection with the inlet and outlet headers 7 and 8.
  • each of the tube plates 3 is connected with the shell l in a similar manner.
  • the tube plate 3 is of smaller outside diameter than the internal diameter of the upper end of the shell l so that an annular gap 9 exists between the outer'edge of the tube plate l and the edge of the shell l.
  • Thegap 9 is bridged by an annular member l() which is of semi-circular radial cross section.
  • the member 10 may be described as being in the form of half a tubular toroid and is made up of several nesting laminations ll.
  • the member l0 is joined at its inner edge 12 with the outer edge of the tube plate 3 by a weld 13.
  • the member 10 is joined at its outer edge 14 with the edge of the shell 1 by a weld l5.
  • water is passed into the shell l through the lower inlet branch 4 and steam is generated in the shell l by heat exchange with, for example, heated sodium which is passed through the heat exchanger tubes 2.
  • the heated sodium is passed into the tubes 2 through the upper inlet header 7 and after passing downwards through the heat' exchanger tubes 2 passes out through the lower outlet header 8.
  • Steam generated for example ata pressure of 2,500 psi in theshell 1 passes out of the shell l through the upper outlet branch 5.
  • the tube plates 3 can be of relatively small thickness, for example 3 inches as compared with a thickness of l2 inches which would be required for tube plates which carry the whole of the internal pressure back to the shell l.
  • the heat exchanger of the invention has the advantage of ease of assembly as the tubes 2 can be assembled with the tube plates 2 outside the heat exchanger shell l and the assembly of the tubes 2 and tube plates 3 can then be inserted into the shell l and the tube plates 3 connected with the ends ofthe shell l by welding the annular members l0 bridging the gap 9 between the tube plates 3 and the ends of the shell l.
  • the laminations ll of the annular members l0 may be welded individually one by one into position or alternatively the laminations l1 may be welded to separate rings, the
  • the modified tube/tube plate assembly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings comprises a tube plate 21 with which there is connected a series of heat exchanger tubes 22.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 22 are arranged in a bundle parallel to one another and are welded at their ends in connection with holes 23 in the tube plate 21.
  • a heat insulation structure for the under face of the tube plate 2l comprises a series of parallel plates 24 arranged edge on to the face of the tube plate 2l.
  • the plates 24 are interposed between parallel rows of the heat exchanger tubes 22.
  • a supporting ring 2S for the plates 24 is welded to the face of the tube plate 21 encircling the bundle of heat exchanger tubes 22.
  • the ends of the plates 24 rest on an internal flange 26 at the bottom of the ring 25.
  • the bundle of heat exchanger tubes 22 is fitted inside the shell l (FIG. l) to which the tube plates at either end of the bundle of tubes 22 are secured via the annular members l0 (FIG. l).
  • heat exchanger is of sodium/water type
  • heated sodium is passed through the heat exchanger tubes 22 and water for the generation of steam is passed through the shell l over the tubes 22.
  • the thermal insulation structure of the invention provides thermal insulation for the tube plates 21 by the trapping of stagnant steam or water in the pockets defined at the face of the tube plates between the plates 24 and the ends of the heat exchanger tubes 22.
  • a tube-in-shell heat exchanger in which a bundle of parallel heat exchanger tubes extend between tube plates at either end of the bundle, said tubes being connected with holes in the tube plates, and a shell within 6 which said bundle of tubes is disposed with means for securing said tube plates to said shell, the improvement wherein said means for securing each tube plate to said shell comprises an annular member intermediate each said tube plate and said shell, said member being secured to the outer edge of the respective tube plate and .to said shell to extend across a gap therebetween, and
  • a heat exchanger according to claim l characterised by the radial cross section of said member being semi-circular.
  • a heat exchanger characterised inl that said annular member is arranged so that its inner and outer edges are substantially in the plane in which the respective tube'plate lies and are joined with said tube plate and said shell by welding.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim l characterised by said annular member being made of laminated form.
  • a heat exchanger characterised by said tube plates each having thermal insulation comprising a series of individual and mutually isolated plate members edge on tothe respective tube plate and arranged parallel to one another between successive rows of the heat exchanger tubes.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 5. characterised by said plate members being plane for extending in straight runs between said tubes.
  • a heat exchanger characterised by said plate members being of convoluted form for extending between said tubes where these are closely pitched.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 5 characterised by said plate members being supported from their ends by a ring mounted on the face of the respective tube plate and encircling said heat exchanger tubes.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim l wherein the inner periphery of said annular arched member is secured to the outer edge 0f the respective tube plate, and the outer periphery of said member is secured to said shell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00251238A 1972-05-05 1972-05-08 Heat exchangers Expired - Lifetime US3812907A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1729571A GB1358442A (en) 1972-05-05 1972-05-05 Heat exchangers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3812907A true US3812907A (en) 1974-05-28

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ID=10092682

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00251238A Expired - Lifetime US3812907A (en) 1972-05-05 1972-05-08 Heat exchangers

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3812907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH545665A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1358442A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4125468A (en) * 1976-06-07 1978-11-14 Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. Hollow-fiber permeability apparatus
US4334993A (en) * 1979-12-05 1982-06-15 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Potted-typed seal with stress relief and method of making same
US4434840A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-03-06 O'donnell & Associates Inc. Expansion joint for reactor or heat exchanger
US4733722A (en) * 1981-11-20 1988-03-29 Serck Industries Limited Shell- and tube-type heat exchangers and their production
WO1991015728A1 (en) * 1988-10-05 1991-10-17 Sune Malm Unloaded heat exchanger tube sheet
US6269870B1 (en) 1998-04-24 2001-08-07 Behr Gmbh & Co. Exhaust heat exchanger
US20070245588A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Haurie Osvaldo R Cylindrical dryer having conduits for heating medium
US20070289156A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2007-12-20 Rainer Kloibhofer Device and method for producing and/or finishing a fibrous material
US8127462B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2012-03-06 Osvaldo Ricardo Haurie Cylindrical dryer having conduits provided within a plurality of holding plates
CN102564166A (zh) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-11 合肥通用机械研究院 一种柔性连接环的碟形管板换热器
US20150027666A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Yutaka Giken Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger and heat exchange device
US20150198373A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-07-16 Zhenhai Petrochemical Jianan Engineering Co., Ltd. Heat Exchanger
US11262143B2 (en) * 2017-09-06 2022-03-01 Borgwarner Emissions Systems Spain, S.L.U. Compact heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106964301B (zh) * 2017-05-18 2023-02-28 华陆工程科技有限责任公司 内置原料预热及蒸汽过热装置的新型炉式反应器
CN110056848B (zh) * 2018-04-23 2024-05-03 新能能源有限公司 高温高压烟气余热利用系统
CN119748020B (zh) * 2025-01-24 2025-08-08 四川南玛自动化设备有限公司 一种铜排夹角焊接固定工装

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736400A (en) * 1951-09-10 1956-02-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Wall construction
US3132691A (en) * 1959-02-06 1964-05-12 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger construction and thermal shield therefor
US3134432A (en) * 1962-06-20 1964-05-26 United Aircraft Corp Heat exchanger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736400A (en) * 1951-09-10 1956-02-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Wall construction
US3132691A (en) * 1959-02-06 1964-05-12 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger construction and thermal shield therefor
US3134432A (en) * 1962-06-20 1964-05-26 United Aircraft Corp Heat exchanger

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4125468A (en) * 1976-06-07 1978-11-14 Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. Hollow-fiber permeability apparatus
US4334993A (en) * 1979-12-05 1982-06-15 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Potted-typed seal with stress relief and method of making same
US4434840A (en) 1981-07-24 1984-03-06 O'donnell & Associates Inc. Expansion joint for reactor or heat exchanger
US4733722A (en) * 1981-11-20 1988-03-29 Serck Industries Limited Shell- and tube-type heat exchangers and their production
WO1991015728A1 (en) * 1988-10-05 1991-10-17 Sune Malm Unloaded heat exchanger tube sheet
US6269870B1 (en) 1998-04-24 2001-08-07 Behr Gmbh & Co. Exhaust heat exchanger
US20070289156A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2007-12-20 Rainer Kloibhofer Device and method for producing and/or finishing a fibrous material
US20070245588A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Haurie Osvaldo R Cylindrical dryer having conduits for heating medium
US7614161B2 (en) * 2006-04-21 2009-11-10 Osvaldo Ricardo Haurie Cylindrical dryer having conduits for heating medium
US8127462B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2012-03-06 Osvaldo Ricardo Haurie Cylindrical dryer having conduits provided within a plurality of holding plates
CN102564166A (zh) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-11 合肥通用机械研究院 一种柔性连接环的碟形管板换热器
US20150198373A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-07-16 Zhenhai Petrochemical Jianan Engineering Co., Ltd. Heat Exchanger
US9841240B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2017-12-12 Zhenhai Petrochemical Jianan Engineering Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
US20150027666A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Yutaka Giken Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger and heat exchange device
US11262143B2 (en) * 2017-09-06 2022-03-01 Borgwarner Emissions Systems Spain, S.L.U. Compact heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1358442A (en) 1974-07-03
CH545665A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-15

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