US3812377A - System for independent or common control of prime movers - Google Patents

System for independent or common control of prime movers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3812377A
US3812377A US00311942A US31194272A US3812377A US 3812377 A US3812377 A US 3812377A US 00311942 A US00311942 A US 00311942A US 31194272 A US31194272 A US 31194272A US 3812377 A US3812377 A US 3812377A
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Prior art keywords
load
load setting
master
signals
setting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00311942A
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English (en)
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P Malone
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US00311942A priority Critical patent/US3812377A/en
Priority to DE2358550A priority patent/DE2358550A1/de
Priority to CH1665573A priority patent/CH578117A5/xx
Priority to GB5614573A priority patent/GB1454766A/en
Priority to FR7343138A priority patent/FR2209394A5/fr
Priority to JP13494773A priority patent/JPS562498B2/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F01D17/24—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical electrical

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system is provided for controlling the load settings 52 us. c1 290/4 290/2 290/40 0f a group of Prime movers Such as Steam turbines 60/102 ther independently or in a common mode.
  • a master [51] Int. Cl. F0l d 15/10 load Setting for the group of prime movers is [58] Field of Search U 60/97 R 102 97 S 105 pared with an individual load setting for each of the 60/97 P 97 1 40 2 prime movers and the lowest load setting value is se lected as a load command signal.
  • Cited prime mover control systems is provided by load setting motors serving as memory devices in the event UNITED STATES PATENTS that power is lost to one of the control systems.
  • Provi- 3,623,324 11/1971 Eggenberger 60/102 i i made f load removal either f individual 312131322 3/1325 5531171131:31:13:13::jiiiijijiiii'iiQ/i?
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an improved control system for operating two or more prime movers either individually or in a common mode.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved control system combining the convenience of common load control of a plurality of prime movers together with the protective features of independent prime mover load controls such as start-up and load runback provisions.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a control system for common control of prime movers with provision for isolation between independent control systems and for shifting to separate controls in the event of failure of one or more prime movers.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a control system suitable for independent and/or common control of two steam turbines
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of one type of load setting and gating device
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphs illustrating the principle of operation.
  • control system provides means for generating a number of individual load setting signals for the individual prime movers and also a common load setting signal.
  • the signals are applied through de vices which retain the previously set signal in the event of power failure.
  • Each individual load setting signal is applied together with the common load setting signal, to a device which selects the lowest signal and uses it as a load command signal for the individual prime mover.
  • Either the individual or the common load settings may be reduced or increased in accordance with the desired logic for prime mover operation.
  • a first prime mover such as a steam turbine 1 and a second independent prime mover such as steam turbine 2 each are connected to supply a respective load such as generators 3, 4.
  • Generators 3 and 4 are electrically connected to a common power grid.
  • Turbines 1, 2 are supplied with steam from a common steam generator 5, the steam flows to the respective turbines being controlled by the openings of valves 6, 7.
  • each steam turbine l, 2 perhaps representing a number of separate turbine casings with reheating of the steam between casings and also it will be understood that many other types of controls and additional valves for emergency control and other purposes would normally be included. These are not shown since they are not material to the invention.
  • the steam generator 5 can be either a conventional boiler fired by fossil fuel or can be a steam generator heated by a nuclear reactor.
  • the steam valves 6, 7 are only representative of means to control the rate of energy released to any type of prime mover such as gas turbines, diesel engines and so forth. In this case, the valves 6, 7 would control fuel flow to the prime movers rather than steam.
  • Valve 6 is positioned by means of an electrohydraulic servomechanism 8 in response to an electrical load command signal entering at 9.
  • servomechanisms 8, 10 are each preferably an arrangement of solid-state analog circuits utilizing operational amplifiers and servo valves controlling high pressure hydraulic rams. They serve to translate the load command signals entering at 9, 11 into corresponding positions of the hydraulic rams to control the openings of valves 6, 7. The higher the load command signal, the wider the valve opening.
  • the respective valve positions therefore determine the respective loads carried by turbines l, 2.
  • a desired load setting for either or both of turbines l, 2 is communicated to the control system from an external source 12 connected to a mode selector panel 13.
  • selector panel 13 enables or disables a first load setting logic circuit 14 for turbine 1, a second load setting logic circuit 15 for turbine 2 and/or a master load setting logic circuit 16 for both turbines.
  • Each logic circuit is arranged to drive a reversible motor, indicated at 17, 18 and 19.
  • the motors drive position transducers, such as potentiometers, which raise or lower the desired'load settings on the turbines individually or in common.
  • An example of such a runback circuit is described in a copending application Ser. No. 264,799 filed in the names of Barrigher et al. on June 21, 1972 and now issued as US. Pat. No. 3,748,491.
  • the runbacks may be caused by external signals due to conditions in the electrical network as indicated at 22, 23, or may be to protect the steam turbine from overspeed.
  • An example of the latter is a power load unbalance relay for each unit at 24, 25.
  • An example of the same may be seen in US. Pat. No. 3,198,954 to M. A. Eggenberger et al. issued Aug. 3, 1965.
  • the logic circuitry by means of which the desired individual load settings on the turbines are increased or decreased, is very complex and beyond the scope of the present description.
  • the desired load setting of an individual turbine might be increased in accordance with constraints determined by stresses in the turbine rotor as exemplified in US. Pat. No. 3,446,224 to Zwicky issued May 27, 1969, or the load setting may be reduced under certain unbalanced conditions as exemplified in US. Pat. No. 3,601,617 to DeMello et al. issued Aug. 24, 1971.
  • Some types of loading or unloading signals might be desirable for both turbines in common, while others might be desirable for individual turbines.
  • motor 17 drives a first device for generating an individual load setting signal for the first turbine which, in the embodiment shown, is a DC electrical potential appearing on line 29.
  • motor 18 drives a second device for generating a second individual load setting signal appearing at 31.
  • Motor 19, drives a pair of similar devices 32, 33 through a common mechanical connection for generating a pair of electrically isolated load setting signals appearing at 34, 35, and representing a desired common load on turbines 1, 2.
  • Signals 29, 34 are compared in a low load setting gating device 36 which selects the lowest load setting signal, this becoming the load command signal for turbine 1 at 9.
  • a second low load setting gating device 37 performs the same comparison to provide a load command signal at 11.
  • FIG. 2 An illustration of a simplified circuit for supplying an analog load command signal to turbine l is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Reversible motor 17 drives a lead screw 40 which controls the setting of an adjustable potentiometer 41, thereby setting the magnitude of a DC potential on terminal 42.
  • Motor 19 drives a lead screw 43 controlling the settings on a pair of electrically isolated adjustable potentiometers 44, 45.
  • a DC potential is thus set on terminal 46 and another DC potential on terminal 47.
  • the signal at terminal 42 is a desired individual load setting on turbine l, as determined by the turbine l logic circuit 14 (FIG. 1);
  • the load setting signals at terminals 46, 47 are the desired common load setting signals determined by the master logic circuit 16.
  • Amplification and selection of the lower of the two signals appearing at terminals 42, 46 are provided by means of a first operational amplifier 48, a second operational amplifier 49, each having its output connected via diodes 50, 51 to a common lead 52.
  • An additional power amplification stage 53 which permits the gated output to go negative, connects lead 52 to a lead 53 supplying a terminal 54.
  • the separate responses of amplifiers 48, 49 are controlled by selection of feedback impedances such as 55, 56. Provision is made for additional signals to enter the gating circuitry as indicated by a diode 57 connected to lead 52. For example, not only the load setting, but also the rate of increase in load for an individual turbine might be introduced via diode 57. An example of such an arrangement is seen in the aforementioned US.
  • FIG. 3 represents a hypothetical time sequence of load settings provided by devices 28, 30, 32 and 33 as the inputs to the low load setting gates 36, 37.
  • the desired load setting of turbine l is increased along a time ramp 60 to a final load setting 61.
  • Turbine 2 due to possible different constraints, is increased along a different ramp 62 to a load setting 63.
  • Turbine 2 has its load setting decreased abruptly at 64 due to external conditions, recovers along a line 65 to a constant load setting 66.
  • the master load setting increases along a ramp 67 to a constant lesser load setting 68, is increased at 69 to a second setting 70, decreased at 71 to the original setting 72 and then reduced at 73.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the load command signal appearing at the output of the respective low value gates 36, 37. Since the output from gate 36 will always be the lower of the master or the turbine 1 load settings, the load command signal 9 from device 36 will appear as shown in the graph 74. Similarly, the load command signal 11 for turbine 2 appearing at the output of gate 37 will appear as indicated by line 75 in FIG. 4. It should be noted that load setting reductions on individual turbines are reflected. This is indicated at 64 where the turbine 2 load setting was reduced below the master load setting.
  • master means for selectively generating a common load setting signal for said plurality of prime movers
  • first gating means comparing the first and master load setting signals and selecting the lowest load setting as a first load command signal for the first prime mover
  • second gating means comparing the second and master load setting signals and selecting the lowest load setting as a second load command signal for the second prime mover.
  • first, second and master means comprise reversible electric motors driving adjustable potentiometer to provide DC signals for said load setting signals
  • first and second gating means each include a plurality of operational amplifiers with diodes connected at their respective outputs to a common lead for selecting the lowest of said load setting signals applied to each of the gating means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
US00311942A 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 System for independent or common control of prime movers Expired - Lifetime US3812377A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00311942A US3812377A (en) 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 System for independent or common control of prime movers
DE2358550A DE2358550A1 (de) 1972-12-04 1973-11-24 System zur getrennten oder gemeinsamen steuerung von kraftmaschinen
CH1665573A CH578117A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-12-04 1973-11-27
GB5614573A GB1454766A (en) 1972-12-04 1973-12-04 System for control of prime movers apparatus for preparing diluting and replicating laboratory samples
FR7343138A FR2209394A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-12-04 1973-12-04
JP13494773A JPS562498B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-12-04 1973-12-04

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US00311942A US3812377A (en) 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 System for independent or common control of prime movers

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US3812377A true US3812377A (en) 1974-05-21

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US00311942A Expired - Lifetime US3812377A (en) 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 System for independent or common control of prime movers

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US (1) US3812377A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS562498B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH578117A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2358550A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2209394A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1454766A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4039846A (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-08-02 Allied Chemical Corporation Control of a steam-heating power plant
US4173870A (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-11-13 Beeloo Leendert A Control system and method
US4412422A (en) * 1981-08-31 1983-11-01 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for controlling a multi-turbine installation
US4491737A (en) * 1982-07-12 1985-01-01 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Output control systems of combined cycle type electric power generating systems
US4612621A (en) * 1983-03-17 1986-09-16 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Distributed system for optimizing the performance of a plurality of multi-stage steam turbines using function blocks
US5497624A (en) * 1988-12-02 1996-03-12 Ormat, Inc. Method of and apparatus for producing power using steam
US6255805B1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-07-03 Motorola, Inc. Device for electrical source sharing
US20030145597A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Denso Corporation Compound engine dynamo-electric machine
US20090248227A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2009-10-01 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Multi-cylinder engine fuel control method, engine fuel injection amount control method and engine operation state discrimination method using the same, propulsion apparatus for multiple engines, and fuel injection control method during crash astern in marine engine with reduction and reversal device

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2388132A1 (fr) * 1977-04-19 1978-11-17 Allied Chem Dispositif de commande d'une centrale de production de vapeur et d'energie electrique
WO2010132439A1 (en) 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine energy storage and conversion system
JP5461101B2 (ja) * 2009-08-06 2014-04-02 三菱重工業株式会社 統合制御装置及びこれを備えた船舶
US8866334B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-10-21 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Dispatchable power from a renewable energy facility
US8984895B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2015-03-24 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Metallic ceramic spool for a gas turbine engine
AU2011295668A1 (en) 2010-09-03 2013-05-02 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine engine configurations
US9051873B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2015-06-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine shaft attachment
US10094288B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2018-10-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine volute attachment for a gas turbine engine
JP5675928B2 (ja) * 2013-10-15 2015-02-25 三菱重工業株式会社 船舶の統合制御装置及びこれを備えた船舶

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4039846A (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-08-02 Allied Chemical Corporation Control of a steam-heating power plant
US4173870A (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-11-13 Beeloo Leendert A Control system and method
US4412422A (en) * 1981-08-31 1983-11-01 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for controlling a multi-turbine installation
US4491737A (en) * 1982-07-12 1985-01-01 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Output control systems of combined cycle type electric power generating systems
US4612621A (en) * 1983-03-17 1986-09-16 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Distributed system for optimizing the performance of a plurality of multi-stage steam turbines using function blocks
US5497624A (en) * 1988-12-02 1996-03-12 Ormat, Inc. Method of and apparatus for producing power using steam
US6255805B1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-07-03 Motorola, Inc. Device for electrical source sharing
US20030145597A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Denso Corporation Compound engine dynamo-electric machine
US6840045B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-01-11 Denso Corporation Compound engine dynamo-electric machine
US20090248227A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2009-10-01 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Multi-cylinder engine fuel control method, engine fuel injection amount control method and engine operation state discrimination method using the same, propulsion apparatus for multiple engines, and fuel injection control method during crash astern in marine engine with reduction and reversal device
US7784281B2 (en) * 2004-07-12 2010-08-31 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Multi-cylinder engine fuel control method, engine fuel injection amount control method and engine operation state discrimination method using the same, propulsion apparatus for multiple engines, and fuel injection control method during crash astern in marine engine with reduction and reversal device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2358550A1 (de) 1974-06-06
JPS562498B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1981-01-20
FR2209394A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-06-28
CH578117A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-07-30
GB1454766A (en) 1976-11-03
JPS4995119A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-09-10

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