US3811939A - Method for the manufacture of heterogeneous penetration compound metal - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of heterogeneous penetration compound metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3811939A US3811939A US00213205A US21320571A US3811939A US 3811939 A US3811939 A US 3811939A US 00213205 A US00213205 A US 00213205A US 21320571 A US21320571 A US 21320571A US 3811939 A US3811939 A US 3811939A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- diffusion
- impregnating
- copper
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QAAXRTPGRLVPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Cu] Chemical compound [Bi].[Cu] QAAXRTPGRLVPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QZCHKAUWIRYEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Te]=[Cu] QZCHKAUWIRYEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002531 CuTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
Definitions
- At least one metal of high vapor pressure (diffusion metal) is admitted as an alloying component through diffusion into the'impregnating metal of lower melting point such as silver or copper contained in the pores of the frame metal, such as tungsten, rhenium or molybdenum.
- the diffusion temperature is chosen so that the impregnating metal exists in the liquid phase at least after the diffusion of the diffusion metals.
- the diffusion takes place, preferably, at 20 to 240C above the melting temperature of the impregnating metal or the alloy formed between the impregnating metal and the diffusion metal.
- the diffusion metal is used at least one of the metals bismuth, cadmium, gallium, indium, lead, tin and tellurium.
- the present invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a heterogeneous penetration compound metal especially for use as contact material for vacuum circuit breakers, in which the pores ofa porous sintering skeleton of a high-melting, burn-off resistant metal (skeleton metal) such as tungsten, rhenium or molybdenum or of an alloy of these metals, are filled with a lower melting metal (impregnating metal) of high electric conductivity, such as silver and copper, or with a lower melting alloy of these metals.
- skeleton metal such as tungsten, rhenium or molybdenum or of an alloy of these metals
- the known contact materials of copper or copper alloys exhibit relatively high weldability and great burnoff particularly when used in vacuum circuit breakers.
- the diffusion temperature is preferably 20 to 240C above the melting temperature of the impregnating metal or the alloy which is formed between the impregnating metal and the diffusion metal. If silver is used as impregnating metal, the diffusion temperatures of 1,000 to l,200C are preferably used. If copper is used as the impregnating metal, diffusion temperatures between 1,100 and l,300 are used.
- Particularly suited as diffusion metals are at least one of the metals bismuth, cadmium, gallium, indium, lead, tin and tellurium.
- Example 1 For vacuum circut breakers, it has been found particularly successful to use WCuBi contact materials with copper contents of Example 1
- a contact'blank of WCu 20 with 80 g W and 20 g Cu is placed in a 35 mm diameter graphite crucible.
- 0.3 to L0 g of bismuth or tellurium was added as the diffusion metal.
- the graphite crucible was subsequently heated to a temperature between l,l00 and 1,200C. The diffusion took place in a protective gas atmosphere of argon or nitrogen and was completed after about 10 minutes. Subsequently, the graphite crucible was cooled.
- Example 2 In a variant of the method, an alloy, for instance of 10 g of Cu..
- a diffusion metal 5 g of a prealloyed CuBi 4 to 12 or CuTe 4 to 12 was, for instance, added. The quantity and concentration of the prealloyed material was so determined that a final concentration of 0.3 to 1.0 percent by weight is obtained.
- the crucible was heated to a temperature of 1,000 to l,100C. The diffusion took place under a protective gas atmosphere of argon or nitrogen and was completed after about minutes. Subsequently, the graphite crucible was cooled.
- an electrical contact comprising forming a composite structure constituted of a porous sintered body selected from the group consisting of tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum and a high melting alloy thereof, filling the pores of the sintered body with an impregnating metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver and a low melting alloy thereof and degassing the structure in a high vacuum, wherein the improvement comprises subsequent to the degassing step, contacting the exposed surfaces of the impregnating metal with a diffusion metal selected from the group consisting of bismuth, cadmium, gallium, indium, lead tin, tellurium and an alloy thereof in a protective gas atmosphere which has low solubility in both the impregnating metal and the diffusion metal, and heating the structure to a temperature of from to 240C above the melting point of the impregnating metal or of the alloy to be formed between the impregnating metal and the diffusion metal for a period of time sufficient to diffuse the diffusion metal into the impregnating metal.
- the diffusion metal is an alloy selected from the group consisting of copper-bismuth and coppentellurium.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19712101414 DE2101414C3 (de) | 1971-01-13 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines heterogenen Durchdringungsverbundmetalls |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3811939A true US3811939A (en) | 1974-05-21 |
Family
ID=5795770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00213205A Expired - Lifetime US3811939A (en) | 1971-01-13 | 1971-12-28 | Method for the manufacture of heterogeneous penetration compound metal |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3811939A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5436121B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AT (1) | AT309582B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH573278A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2122201A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1350362A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0153635A2 (en) | 1984-02-25 | 1985-09-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Contact electrode material for vacuum interrupter and method of manufacturing the same |
| US4584445A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1986-04-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Vacuum interrupter |
| US4640999A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1987-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Contact material of vacuum interrupter and manufacturing process therefor |
| US4659885A (en) * | 1983-03-22 | 1987-04-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Vacuum interrupter |
-
1971
- 1971-11-08 CH CH1619371A patent/CH573278A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-12-09 AT AT1056971A patent/AT309582B/de active
- 1971-12-28 US US00213205A patent/US3811939A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-01-12 GB GB152572A patent/GB1350362A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-12 FR FR7200882A patent/FR2122201A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-01-13 JP JP613272A patent/JPS5436121B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4640999A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1987-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Contact material of vacuum interrupter and manufacturing process therefor |
| US4584445A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1986-04-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Vacuum interrupter |
| US4659885A (en) * | 1983-03-22 | 1987-04-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Vacuum interrupter |
| EP0153635A2 (en) | 1984-02-25 | 1985-09-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha | Contact electrode material for vacuum interrupter and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2101414B2 (de) | 1975-12-04 |
| DE2101414A1 (de) | 1972-08-03 |
| JPS5436121B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1979-11-07 |
| CH573278A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-03-15 |
| FR2122201A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-08-25 |
| GB1350362A (en) | 1974-04-18 |
| AT309582B (de) | 1973-08-27 |
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