US3808002A - Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer - Google Patents

Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3808002A
US3808002A US00318443A US31844372A US3808002A US 3808002 A US3808002 A US 3808002A US 00318443 A US00318443 A US 00318443A US 31844372 A US31844372 A US 31844372A US 3808002 A US3808002 A US 3808002A
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United States
Prior art keywords
developer
ionic surfactant
physical
silver
amine
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US00318443A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Eckert
A Ploof
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Guidance and Electronics Co Inc
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
Itek Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itek Corp filed Critical Itek Corp
Priority to US00318443A priority Critical patent/US3808002A/en
Priority to CA186,694A priority patent/CA1006033A/en
Priority to GB5490873A priority patent/GB1440631A/en
Priority to NL7317008A priority patent/NL7317008A/xx
Priority to DE2363654A priority patent/DE2363654A1/de
Priority to JP48143858A priority patent/JPS4991643A/ja
Priority to FR7346316A priority patent/FR2211678B3/fr
Priority to IT32309/73A priority patent/IT1003274B/it
Priority to AU63933/73A priority patent/AU6393373A/en
Priority to BE139286A priority patent/BE809125A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3808002A publication Critical patent/US3808002A/en
Assigned to E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY reassignment E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: VICTERS PLC (FORMERLY VICKERS LIMITED), AN ENGLISH COMPANY
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/58—Processes for obtaining metallic images by vapour deposition or physical development
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/06—Silver salts

Definitions

  • the diffusion transfer type of physical development which may more accurately be termed solution physical development wherein a solvent is added to the developer to thereby dissolve the silver halide in the unexposed portions of a silver halide copy medium thereby allowing the silver ions to be utilized for image formation on suitable physical development nuclei.
  • suitable physical development nuclei may be either in a separate layer on the same sheet as the silver halide layer or on a separate transfer sheet as is well known in the Polaroid process.
  • a second physical development process which has achieved some commercial success is one wherein the metal ion solution is applied in a separate bath to the exposed photographic element and subsequently a reducing agent bath is applied to the element.
  • Alkenyl amine compounds suitable for this invention are preferably straight carbon chain amines such as oleyl amine, pamitoleyl amine, and myristoleyl amine.
  • the activity of the developer or AE may be varied by techniques known to the art such as varying the relative proportions of ferrous ion to ferric ion and the like. Ordinarily a AE of at least about is preferred. However, a AE of between about 100 and 400 is preferred for most photographic purposes. However, when utilizing a physical development activator material in the photographic copy medium, it is often desirable to utilize physical developers having a AE of less than 100. Utilizing a physical development activator material in the photographic copy medium, a AE of between about 60 and 100 is especially preferred for producing printing plates.
  • the reducible metal ion is usually silver although a person of average skill in the art will readily recognize that mercury ions and the like which are readily reduced by the ferrous/ferric reducing system of this invention will work equally well.
  • a particularly effective unitary physical developer is composed of silver ions; as the reducing agent system therefor, ferrous ions and ferric ions; and preferably a material which preferentailly forms a complex with the ferric ions of the developer such as an organic acid.
  • the ferrous ions are of course the specific reducing agent. However, the ratio of ferrous ions to ferric ions helps determine the activity or AE of the developer.
  • the physical developer of this invention is preferably one having an acidic pH.
  • the pH is less than about 6 and most preferably less than about 3.
  • the image of catalytic nuclei can be 1. the image formed on photoexposure, e.g., the latent silver image in silver halide emulsions or the reversible latent image on a reversibly activatable photoconductor such as titanium dioxide;
  • a sensitizing metal ion e.g., a solution of silver ion
  • a catalytic nuclei image can be produced by applying physical development or germ nuclei to the metallic support. This can be done by inscribing on the metallic support with, for example, a graphite pencil or may be done by applying a germ nuclei layer preferably in a binder and coated with a photo-impermeablizable layer, then exposing to impermeablize the layer in exposed areas.
  • Germ nuclei can be any material which will catalyze deposition of metal from the physical developer. Many such materials are known to the art, such as metal sulfide, finely divided metal particles, graphite and the like.
  • the preferred photosensitive media are those comprising silver halide as the photosensitive material. Such photosensitive media are more than adequately described in the literature and are well known to those in the art. Especially preferred silver halide media are those which contain a low content of silver halide in the photosensitive layer and especially those which have a stoichiometric excess of halide ion based upon the amount of silver ion present in the photosensitive layer.
  • the so-called low silver content, thin photosensitive layer constitute a preferred form of the invention, particularly with metal substrates for the production of printing plates, electrical components, and the like.
  • the silver halide employed is that which is conventionally used in photography and is made in the conventional way, i.e., by reaction in aqueous systems of soluble silver salt such as silver nitrate or sulfate and a soluble alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide or sodium iodide, or corresponding potassium salts.
  • soluble silver salt such as silver nitrate or sulfate
  • a soluble alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide or sodium iodide, or corresponding potassium salts.
  • the formation of the particles of silver halide can be controlled to permit any desired particle size, ranging as little as 30 to 50 Angstrom units up to conventional particle size. Preferred methods are those which encourage fine particle size usually less than 0.5 micron.
  • the photosensitive material can also be any of the literature, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,380,823, or 3,623,865, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the preferred photoconductors are silver halide or compounds of a metal with a nonmetallic element of Periodic Group VI.
  • these photoconductors are metal oxides or sulfides, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and cerium oxide, among others.:.Preferred oxides are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • the physical development nuclei or photosensitive material and the physical developer activator material in the selected binder are applied to the substrate using any of the art-recognized techniques, as by use of rollers, in the desired thickness. After drying the photographic media are ready for use. lf desired a top coating can be applied to protect the photographic emulsion.
  • the emulsion can also contain substances commonly employed with the specific photosensitive material, such as dye-sensitizers, sensitizing-metal salts, such as silver and copper salts, photographic reducing agents, and such materials commonly used in photographic emulsions.
  • the photoexposure step employed is the same as normally used for the selected photosensitive material.
  • the photo-processing of the exposed medium is also the same as normally employed.
  • the substrate for the present media include all of the substrates commonly employed such as paper, plastics and metal substrates.
  • cellulose acetate and polyethylene terephthalate can be used for transparent films while metals, such as aluminum and iron, as well as alloys thereof, can be used and are particularly adapted for photographically producing printing plates and printed electrical components, e.g., printed electrical circuits, capacitors, and the like, as well as nameplates and decorative metal plates.
  • the preferred support for making long run printed slates are those on grained metal supports. Anodized aluminum supports give especially desirable results.
  • any suitable metallic or substantially metallic backing of sufficient strength and durability to satisfactorily serve as a reproduction carrier can be employed.
  • the support may be in any form such as, for example, sheets, ribbons, rolls, etc.
  • This sheet may be made of any suitable metal or their alloys, as for example the hydrophilic metals such as chromium, nickel, lead, stainless steel, magnesium, or aluminum; or the oleophilic metals such as copper or zinc.
  • Aluminum is preferred because of its desirable physical and chemical properties, as well as its economy.
  • Aluminum as used herein is intended to include alloys of aluminum such as aluminum containing minor amounts of manganese, copper or magnesium.
  • a porous anodized surface is especially preferred for the aluminum support. The anodized surface may be sealed by heating. However, the unsealed surface is preferred because of the improved adhesion that can be obtained between the metal image and the aluminum support.
  • an alloy such as Type 1100 aluminum is used which will resist cracking and will have the strength of these long runs.
  • the preferred metallic support may be of any suitable thickness. However, a thickness from about .006 to .025 inch is preferred for use as printing plates, and preferably for long run printing plates, the thickness is from about 0.012 to 0.015 inch.
  • the support and imaging metal may be chosen so as to give a good oleophilic-hydrophilic differentiation for use in a lithographic process. Also, by special treatments or the right substrate or imaging metal this process can be used to produce a plate useful in the socalled driographic manner described in US. Pat. No. 3,511,178, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Grained metallic supports are especially preferred for this invention.
  • This support is capable of forming a bond with a metallic image formed by physical development thus forming a plate capable of being used as a printing plate and preferably as a long run printing plate and which upon testing with the Optical Surface Roughness Meter (OSRM), described below, produces a trace having a peak Height A between about 0.25 and about 0.90 at a Position B of between about 0.35 and about 0.80 and having a psi Value C of between about 0.40 and about 1.0.
  • Such grains may be produced by physically graining, e.g., brush graining, ball graining or sand blasting or by chemical graining, e.g., acid or alkali etching. Chemical graining can be accomplished, for example, suitably by electrochemical treatment in an acid bath such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination of nitric acid and acetic acid.
  • a long run metallic based printing plates having run lengths comparable to the bimetallic plates are produced (run lengths in excess of 150,000 on a conventional lithographic press under ordinary conditions).
  • these plates are ones wherein the grain of the metallic, preferably aluminum, support as tested on the OSRM produces a trace having a peak Height A between about 0.50 and about 0.85 at a peak Position B of between about 0.60 and about 0.75 and having a psi Value C between about 0.65 and about 0.90.
  • the trace produced has a peak Height A between about 0.75 and about 0.85 at a peak Position B of between about 0.70 and about 0.75 and having a psi Value C of between about 0.75 and about 0.90.
  • a long run printing plate as defined herein is an imaged printing plate which when placed upon a conventional lithographic offset high speed web press run under ordinary conditions such as a Harris Cottrell M- 1000 at Colonial Press, lnc., Clinton, Massachusetts, which is a 24% X 36% inches, 4 unit perfecting heat set web offset press running at about 26,000 impressions per hour, on 50 lb. white offset stock using lPl black ink, Dayco non-compressible blankets and Imperial fountain solution, will be capable of producing at least about 100,000 prints of good quality and preferably at least about 150,000 without any substantial loss of quality due to wear of the image or removal of the image from the printing plate.
  • an imaged plate When an imaged plate performs as a printing plate according to this invention, it is one which will produce at least about 5,000 prints on a conventional, lithographic offset press under ordinary conditions. Typical of such a press is the Harris-Aurelia press.
  • OSRM Optical Surface Roughness Meter
  • the OSRM is useful for characterizing the surface topography of an opaque sample and for characterizing other properties of transparent samples.
  • a laser is useful to illuminate the surface of a rotating sample. Reflected laser light is focused at a pinhole aperture where its intensity is detected. Useful plots of the power spectrum of the reflected coherent light as a function of frequency are obtained which characterize the surface topography of the sample.
  • the OSRM uses a coherent light source, such as a laser, which provides a beam which is directed through a spatial filter, collimating objective and beam splitter onto the samples surface.
  • a coherent light source such as a laser
  • the sample is mounted on a rotating support.
  • Surface irregularities modulate the reflected coherent beam which is passed back through thebeam splitter and directed through a transforming objective to focus it at a pinhole aperture which has a phototube positioned behind it.
  • the pinhole aperture is located in the back focal plane of the reflected light.
  • OSRM measures the coherent power spectra of diffracted light
  • known relationships have been established and are available between coherent power spectra and rough surface statistics. For example, see The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces by Peter Beckmann and Andre Spizzichino, Pergamon Press, London, 1963.
  • a most important advantage is the exact categorization of surface topographies that can be obtained relatively easily using devices as described herein.
  • the symmetry or directionality of the statistics of the surface topography can be easily determined with the new devices. This was impossible or at least very difficult with many of the prior art devices.
  • OSRM OS random access memory
  • plots can be directly obtained allowing an operator to display the surfaces power spectra and such plots can be used for direct sample to sample comparisons. This is particularly important in quality control applications where the emphasis is often on testing samples quickly.
  • the OSRM generates four traces to characterize the grain of the metallic support.
  • the curves are more simply characterized'using the following four parameters:
  • Peak Height A vertical axis on a scale of zero to 1.0
  • Peak Position B (horizontal axis on a scale of zero to 1.0) of the highest of these four directional traces made on each surface
  • Psi Value C which is used as a measure of the amount of fine structure in the surface, and is defined in the following way:
  • the height of the OSRM trace for the highest of the four curves is determined at the 0.90 position on the horizontal axis
  • the psi Value C is the ratio of the value obtained in (2) and the peak Height A, and
  • the photosensitive coating or coating of physical development nuclei may be scraped off except for the portions which are immersed in the roughened surface.
  • This coating thickness may be varied according to the effects desired. However, most preferable is a substrate wherein this coating is less than 1 micron in thickness in order to obtain coherent metal images which are adherently bonded to the support by the rapid processing which is most desired.
  • Alamine ll Oleyl amine or octadec-9-ene-l -amine velopment initiator.
  • a preferredcompound is a thiu- (Armac 2D or Mamine 4) 90% CHHHNHCHICOOH ram such as tetramethylthluramdisulfide.
  • This physlcal Dodecylamine development initiator acts to improve the quality of the and metal deposit formed when physical developing an ex- Temdecylam'ne 9% C"H"NH1'CHCOOH posed silver halide plate.
  • the developers were stored in airtight brown coling pl e- A as mentioned pr y, the oleyl ored bottles at ambient conditions (about 72F).
  • Polyester film base coated with 1.5 g/m of a finely divided titanium dioxide in a binder of gelatin and polymethylmethacrylate was used in these two examples.
  • the stabilized physical developer formulation was as follows:
  • the mixed developer is stable several months with no change in silver concentration or activity.
  • the film was exposed to a step table 10' sec. on an EGG sensitometer, contacted for 5 sec. with an aqueous solution of 0.05M AgNO rinsed 5 sec. in H O, the above physical developer developed for 30 sec. at 78F, rinsed 5 sec. in H O, fixed 5 sec. in a standard silver halide fixing bath, rinsed 10 sec. in H 0, and dried 10 sec. in 140F air stream.
  • An excellent neutral gray image of silver resulted.
  • EXAMPLE 23 The film of Example 22 was exposed and processed at 100 ft/min on an ltek Flowfilm printer/processor. A 200 watt mercury vapor lamp was used as the exposure device. The exposed film was then developed 1 min. in the stabilized physical developer of Example 22 at 78F,
  • a developer as in claim 1 additionally comprising a primary alkyl amine as an additional ionic surfactant and wherein the alkyl group thereof contains at least eight carbon atoms.
  • a developer as in claim 5 wherein the AE of the developer is between about and 400 millivolts.
  • a stabilized photographic physical developer having an acidic pH and comprising an aqueous solution of silver ions, a photographic reducing agent for the silver ions comprising ferrous ions and ferric ions, an organic acid which complexes the ferric ions, and at least one ionic surfactant to increase the life of the developer, the improvement wherein at least one ionic surfactant is a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound having an alkenyl group having at least eight carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.
  • a developer as in claim 13 wherein the second ionic surfactant is the water soluble salt of a primary alkyl amine wherein the alkyl group has at least eight carbons present in the hydrocarbon chain.
  • a developer as in claim 15 wherein the complexing organic acid is citric acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, malic acid or a combination of these acids.
  • a stabilized photographic physical developer having an acidic pH and comprising an aqueous solution of a water soluble silver salt reducible to silver metal, a ferrous compound, a ferric compound, an organic acid as a complexing agent for the ferric ions of the ferric compound, and a water soluble salt of oleyl amine as a stabilizing agent to lengthen the life of the developer.
  • a developer as in claim 19 additionally comprising a primary alkyl amine ionic surfactant comprising C H NH CH COOH and C H NH CH COOH.
  • a developer as in claim 20 additionally comprising a non-ionic surfactant.
  • a process as in claim 29 additionally comprising a second different ionic surfactant.
  • said second different ionic surfactant is a water soluble salt of a primary alkyl amine compound wherein the alkyl group contains at least eight carbon atoms.
  • a process of producing a film transparency comprising contacting a copy medium comprising a transparent support comprising a catalytic nuclei image for catalyzing deposition of metal in these image areas from a physical developer with a stabilized photographic physical developer comprising a solution of silver ions, ferrous ions, ferric ions, complexing organic acid, and at least one ionic surfactant to increase the life of the developer, the improvement wherein at least one ionic surfactant is a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound having an alkenyl group having at least eight carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
  • Process as in claim 35 additionally comprising a second ionic surfactant.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US00318443A 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer Expired - Lifetime US3808002A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00318443A US3808002A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer
CA186,694A CA1006033A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-26 Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer
GB5490873A GB1440631A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-27 Photographic physical developers comprising an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer
NL7317008A NL7317008A (enExample) 1972-12-26 1973-12-12
DE2363654A DE2363654A1 (de) 1972-12-26 1973-12-20 Verbesserte physikalisshe photographische entwickler, enthaltend ein wasserloesliches salz einer alkenylaminverbindung als ionisches oberflaechenaktives mittel, und verwendung dieser entwickler
JP48143858A JPS4991643A (enExample) 1972-12-26 1973-12-25
FR7346316A FR2211678B3 (enExample) 1972-12-26 1973-12-26
IT32309/73A IT1003274B (it) 1972-12-26 1973-12-27 Sviluppatore fisico fotografico stabilizzato e procedimento per la sua applicazione
AU63933/73A AU6393373A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-12-27 Photographic physical developers
BE139286A BE809125A (fr) 1972-12-26 1973-12-27 Developpateur photographique physique perfectionne et procede en comportant application

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00318443A US3808002A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer

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US3808002A true US3808002A (en) 1974-04-30

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US00318443A Expired - Lifetime US3808002A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Photographic physical developers comprising a water soluble salt of an alkenyl amine compound as an ionic surfactant and processes utilizing this developer

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US (1) US3808002A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS4991643A (enExample)
AU (1) AU6393373A (enExample)
BE (1) BE809125A (enExample)
CA (1) CA1006033A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2363654A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2211678B3 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1440631A (enExample)
IT (1) IT1003274B (enExample)
NL (1) NL7317008A (enExample)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989522A (en) * 1974-02-26 1976-11-02 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Manufacture of a planographic printing plate by making silver halide areas of emulsion oleophicic
US4046586A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-09-06 American Optical Corporation Stabilized photochromic materials
US5786127A (en) * 1996-08-15 1998-07-28 Western Litho Plate & Supply Co. Photosensitive element having an overcoat which increases photo-speed and is substantially impermeable to oxygen

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61146718A (ja) * 1984-12-15 1986-07-04 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd 鉄化合物水溶液

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157502A (en) * 1958-10-11 1964-11-17 Philips Corp Stabilized physical developers containing ionogenic surfactants
US3300335A (en) * 1963-11-20 1967-01-24 Dow Chemical Co Electroless metal plating with foam

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL113525C (enExample) * 1958-10-11
US3390998A (en) * 1965-10-04 1968-07-02 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilized physical developers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157502A (en) * 1958-10-11 1964-11-17 Philips Corp Stabilized physical developers containing ionogenic surfactants
US3300335A (en) * 1963-11-20 1967-01-24 Dow Chemical Co Electroless metal plating with foam

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989522A (en) * 1974-02-26 1976-11-02 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Manufacture of a planographic printing plate by making silver halide areas of emulsion oleophicic
US4046586A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-09-06 American Optical Corporation Stabilized photochromic materials
US5786127A (en) * 1996-08-15 1998-07-28 Western Litho Plate & Supply Co. Photosensitive element having an overcoat which increases photo-speed and is substantially impermeable to oxygen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4991643A (enExample) 1974-09-02
AU6393373A (en) 1975-07-03
DE2363654A1 (de) 1974-06-27
BE809125A (fr) 1974-06-27
FR2211678B3 (enExample) 1976-10-22
FR2211678A1 (enExample) 1974-07-19
IT1003274B (it) 1976-06-10
CA1006033A (en) 1977-03-01
NL7317008A (enExample) 1974-06-28
GB1440631A (en) 1976-06-23

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Owner name: E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, WILMINGTON, DE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:VICTERS PLC (FORMERLY VICKERS LIMITED), AN ENGLISH COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:005513/0380

Effective date: 19890711