US3804593A - Automatic analysis apparatus and method - Google Patents

Automatic analysis apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804593A
US3804593A US00369695A US36969564A US3804593A US 3804593 A US3804593 A US 3804593A US 00369695 A US00369695 A US 00369695A US 36969564 A US36969564 A US 36969564A US 3804593 A US3804593 A US 3804593A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sample
liquid
liquid samples
flow cell
segments
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00369695A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Smythe
M Shamos
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Bayer Corp
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Technicon Instruments Corp
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Application filed by Technicon Instruments Corp filed Critical Technicon Instruments Corp
Priority to US00369695A priority Critical patent/US3804593A/en
Priority to GB20875/65A priority patent/GB1098573A/en
Priority to JP40028861A priority patent/JPS509316B1/ja
Priority to CH708265A priority patent/CH457914A/de
Priority to DE19651673103 priority patent/DE1673103A1/de
Priority to BE664372D priority patent/BE664372A/xx
Priority to FR18143A priority patent/FR1453884A/fr
Priority to SE6794/65A priority patent/SE322360B/xx
Publication of US3804593A publication Critical patent/US3804593A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION reassignment TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REVGROUP PANTRY MIRROR CORP.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/117497—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream
    • Y10T436/118339—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream with formation of a segmented stream

Definitions

  • An automatic analysis apparatus includes an indexible table supporting a plurality of liquid sample containers, a stationary reagent liquid container, two off-take tubes, one tube inseitable in a presented thereto sample container, the other tube insertable in the reagent container, means for concurrently inserting both tubes repeatedly into their respective containers to provide a flowing stream of segments of liquid sample interspersed by air segments, and a similar stream of segments of reagent. These streams are merged to form stream of liquid and air segments, which stream of liquid and air segments is passed through the sight passageway of a flow cell of a colorimeter.
  • a recorder is coupled to the colorimeter, and may be rendered operational when the sight passageway of the flow cell is fully occupied by liquid.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to improve the precision of quantitative analysis of the samples of liquid.
  • this important object can be accomplished by utilizing as much as possible liquid conduits, such as Teflon tubing, which have non-wetting surfaces instead of wettable surfaces, and by washing the flow cell between the passage of successive samples therethrough with one or more bubbles of air or other gas which is inert to the liquid transmitted through the conduits and through the flow cell, whereby contamination of one sample by another is prevented or is negligible.
  • the sample liquid which is transmitted through the flow cell during the analysis operation, at which time a record of the analysis is made has a volume at least as large and preferably larger than the volume of the flow cell, so that there is no air in the flow cell when the liquid analysis operation is being performed. More specifically, while one or more segments or bubbles of the air or other gas are introduced into the liquid stream for separating one sample from another in the apparatus and for washing the conduits and the flow cell, it is unnecessary to remove said bubbles before transmission of the treated liquid samples through the flow cell, since the segmentation of the liquid stream by air bubbles is such that a sufficient volume of the treated sample liquid is devoid of air bubbles to enable its analysis as it flows through the flow cell.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method of automatic quantitative analysis of a series of liquid samples in a flowing stream in such manner that the quantitative determination in the analysis of each sample is indicated substantially instantaneously during the flow of the treated sample through the flow cell, to the extent that the recorder is able to provide such substantially instantaneous recording, so that the trace on the recorder chart has a square wave form.
  • the apparatus of our invention generally comprises automatic, sample supply means for the provision of the said sample and reagent streams, means to mix the said streams to promote the desired reactions between the said samples and the reagent, and means to automatically analyze the resultant, reacted samples with respect to the relative quantities of predetermined constituents contained therein.
  • the said sample supply means are generally similar to those disclosed in the copending US. Pat. No. 3,230,776 to J. lsreeli et al., granted Jan. 25, 1966, and comprise readily interchangeable, indexable carrier means for supporting a plurality of individual liquid sample containers.
  • Separate receptacle means are stationarily positioned laterally of the said carrier means to provide a supply of a suitable reagent for mixing with the said samples to enable the automatic quantitative analysis of the latter with respect to predetermined constituents thereof.
  • First and second liquid take-off means are positioned adjacent the carrier means and above the said reagent receptacle, respectively, and are operative twice, in unison, through the medium of interconnected electromechanical control means as each container is indexed into alignment with the said first take-off means, to concomitantly withdraw two spaced portions of the liquid from the said container and two, correspondingly spaced, suitable quantities of reagent from the said re- I agent receptacle, respectively, for supply to the said mixing means in the said sample and reagent streams referred to hereinabove.
  • the said mixing means comprise a junction block for the joinder of the two streams, and a mixing coil, each of which is constructed of a material of natural anti-wetting properties to inhibit contamination of one sample by'the residue of a preceding sample; while the said automatic analysis means comprise colorimetric analysis apparatus and analysis result recording means operatively associated therewith.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view, with parts in section and portions cut away for purposes of illustration, of the sample supply means of the apparatus in our invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of the apparatus of our invention.
  • the sample supply means of the hereindisclosed preferred embodiment of our invention comprise essentially a housing 11; with. indexable turntable assembly 12, turntable drive means 13, sample and reagent take-off assemblies 14 and 16, respectively, takeoff assembly actuating mechanisms 17, timing mechanism l8, and reagent receptacle 20, positioned thereon or therewith in the depicted manner.
  • a plurality of liquid-sample containing cups 23 are mounted as shown in a generally circular array upon the turntable assembly 12 and successively positioned in turn thereby, through the operation of the turntable drive mechanism 13, to positions in alignment with the sample take-off assembly 14.
  • the respective sample and reagent take-off assemblies are actuated, by actuating mechanism 17 under the control of timing mechanism 18, with the former functioning to withdraw a portion of the sample from the said cup, and the latter functioning to withdraw a suitable quantity of reagent of corresponding extent, from the reagent receptacle 20.
  • the respective sample and reagent take-off assemblies are then momentarily withdrawn from the said sample cup and reagent receptacle, and then returned thereto for the withdrawal therefrom of a second portion of the same sample from the same sample cup, and another suitable quantity of reagent of corresponding extent from the reagent receptacle.
  • the sample take-off assembly 14 is withdrawn from the said sample cup, and the turntable assembly 12 indexed one cup position to present the next succeeding sample cup in position for withdrawal of the two sample portions therefrom by the said sample take-off assembly 14. Operation continues in this manner until two separate portions of each of the samples have been withdrawn from each of the sample cups in the manner described above.
  • the reagent take-off assembly 16 may be eliminated and the reagent supplied as a constant stream thereof as described hereinbelow.
  • the turntable assembly 12 comprises a generally circular plate 21 incorporating a generally circular array of cup mounting holes formed adjacent the periphery thereof.
  • the sample cups 23 are removably positioned within these holes by insertion therewithin and include canted bottom portions, in the manner made clear in FIG. 2, whereby any appreciable quantity of liquid within the cup will tend to accumulate at the outer cup edge for convenient removal therefrom by the take-off assembly 14.
  • the turntable plate 21 is detatchably secured, in a manner made clear in the said co-pending Isreeli et al. application referred to hereinabove, to rotatable support shaft 24, whereby rotation of the said shaft will result in corresponding rotation of the said plate.
  • a Geneva gear plate 32 including notches 35 formed therein as shown, is also secured to the said support shaft, whereby driven rotation of the said Geneva gear plate will result in correspondingly driven rotation of the said support shaft and turntable plate, respectively.
  • the Geneva gear plate 32 is in turn driven by the engagement therewith of Geneva cam 34 in the manner made clear by FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the configuration of the said cam 34 is such that every complete revolution thereof will function, in a well-known manner, to advance the Geneva gear plate 32 one notch and then maintain the plate stationary as positioned until the leading edge 36 of the cam driving portion 30 enters the next succeeding notch 35 to repeat the driving process.
  • the Geneva cam 34 is fixedly mounted as shown upon drive shaft 37 of drive motor 38, and is rotatably driven thereby to drive the Geneva gear plate 32 and turntable plate 21 as described hereinabove.
  • a drive gear 39 is also fixedly secured to the motor drive shaft 37, and a driven gear 41 mounted for rotation adjacent thereto and enmeshed therewith as shown, whereby rotation of gear 39 will result in driven rotation of gear 41.
  • a connecting link 42 is pivotally attached as shown adjacent the periphery of driven gear 41 in the manner indicated at 44 in FIG. 1.
  • the relative sizes of gears 39 and 41, respectively, are chosen so that one complete revolution of gear 39 will resultin two complete revolutions of gear 41.
  • the sample take-off assembly 14 comprises a metal crook 75, shaped as shown, with sample supply line 76, preferably of polyethylene tubing, extending therethrough.
  • the reagent takeoff assembly 16 comprises a metal crook 77, shaped as shown, with reagent supply line 78, preferably of polyethylene tubing, extending therethrough.
  • Each of the metal crooks and 77 extend as shown through holes provided therefor in the crook support bar 79 and are maintained properly positioned therewithin by set screws 80 bearing thereagainst.
  • the said crook support bar 79 is in turn positioned atop crook support post 81 and movable therewith, whereby movement of the said support post will result in corresponding movement of the inlet end of the sample and reagent lines 76 and 78, respectively, between the respective positions thereof depicted in FIG. 3.
  • a slot 82 is provided as shown in the housing 11 to enable movement of the crook support post 81 relative thereto.
  • the respective take-off assemblies 14 and 16 are each movable, through the movement of support post 81, in the same vertical plane.
  • the reagent receptacle 20 is positioned as shown in any convenient manner on the housing 11, as, for example, by attachment screws 83 extending therebetween.
  • the said receptacle comprises hollow interior portions 89 and 90 with inlet and outlet conduits, 85 and 86, respectively, extending therefrom.
  • a dam 87 extends as shown in FIG. 1 between the said hollow interior portions of the receptacle whereby reagent may enter the receptacle through inlet 85, spill over the dam 87 and flow from the receptacle through outlet 86.
  • Outlet 86 is of larger internal diameter than inlet 85 whereby may be appreciated that the reagent will never overflow from the said receptacle, or accumulate to any appreciable degree within hollow interior portion 90 thereof.
  • the inlet end of the sample supply line 76 is positioned within the sample liquid in the cup 23 positioned in alignment therewith, while the inlet end of the reagent supply line 78 is positioned within the reagent contained within hollow interior portion 89 of the receptacle.
  • reduced pressure conditions within the said supply lines will result in the aspiration of liquid samplethrough the former, and reagent through the latter. Since the said supply line inlet ends always move in unison as made clear above, it may be understood whereby the extent, taken along the respective axes of the lines, of sample and reagent, or air, quantitiesaspirated thereby will always correspond.
  • the timing mechanism 18 comprises a timing cam 102 driven at constant speed by a non-illustrated, constant speed timer motor through shaft 104. Notches 105 and 107 are formed as shown in the periphery of the timing cam.
  • a two-position switch 106 is positioned as shown on the housing 11 adjacent the timing cam, and includes a switch actuator 108 which extends into contact with the periphery of the cam in such a manner that the said switch is moved to one position thereof when actuator 108 rides on the un-notched periphery of the cam, and to the second position thereof when the said actuator rides within one of the notches 105 or 107.
  • sample supply line 76 and reagent supply line 78 are depicted in cross section to illustrate the corresponding extent and placement of the respective air, sample, and reagent segments aspirated therethrough through the use of a timing cam 102 of the general configuration depicted in FIG. 1.
  • Segment S of sample and R of reagent represent respectively the end of the second-aspirated segments of a preceding sample, and the correspondingly aspirated reagent segment.
  • Air segments A would then be aspirated through the sample and reagent supply lines as the switch actuator 108 rode within timing cam notch 105 to position the sample and reagent take-off assemblies in the manner depicted in solid lines in FIG. 3 in the manner set forth above.
  • the turntable plate 21 would be advanced one cup position to present a new sample cup 23 in alignment with the sample take-off assembly 14.
  • switch actuator 108 rides out of notch 105 onto the unnotched peripheral portion 109 of the timing cam 102, the sample and reagent take-off assemblies are moved to the positions thereof depicted, for example, in FIG. 2 whereby the first-aspirated segment 8,, of the new sample, and the correspondingly aspirated reagent segment R are pro vided.
  • cam portion 109 completes its travel beneath actuator 108, the latter rides into notch 107 whereby the respective take-0ff assemblies are again returned momentarily to the positions thereof depicted in solid lines in FIG. 3 and segments of air A aspirated therethrough.
  • reagent supply line 78 is chosen of greater inner diameter than the sample supply line 76, whereby each of the reagent segments will be of greater volume than the correspondingly aspirated sample segment, although of the same lateral extent within the said supply lines.
  • a proportioning pump is indicated diagrammatically at 130, and may be of the nature disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,893,324.
  • the said pump comprises resiliently flexible pump tubes 132 and 134 which are connected as shown to the sample and reagent supply lines 76 and 78, respectively, and have substantially the same internal diameters as the said lines.
  • the said pump tubes are compressed progressively along their lengths by non-illustrated rollers which are moved in compressing engagement with the tubes longitudinally thereof.
  • the relative quantities of fluids pumped through the said tubes may thus be understood to depend upon the respective internal diameters thereof since the tubes are longitudinally compressed, at the same linear speed, by the said rollers.
  • the pump tubes are connected as shown by lines 136 and 138 to flow passages 142 and 144 ofjunction block 140.
  • the said junction block is preferably of a material of very tight molecular structure with natural nonwetting properties, as for example Kel-F, whereby the formation of a residue of a sample flowing therethrough which could contaminate the next succeeding sample, is effectively inhibited.
  • Flow passages 142 and 144 merge within the junction block into flow passage 146, whereby may be understood the manner in which the correspondingly aspirated sample and reagent segments, described above in conjunction with the description of FIG. 5, may be joined together to form a larger segment of sample and reagent.
  • a mixing coil 150 preferably of Teflon for the same non-wetting reasons discussed above, is provided and connected to flow passage 146 of the junction block 140 by line 148 extending therebetween.
  • the said mixing coil may, if desired, be placed in a heating bath, and functions to thoroughly mix, and promote the desired reaction between, the combined sample and reagent segments resulting from the juncture of flow passages 142 and 144 in the junction block.
  • Colorimetric analysis apparatus are generally indicated at 159 and comprise a source of light 156, collimating lenses 157 and 158, optical filter 160, flow cell 154, light responsive detecting means 162, and a chart recorder operative to record analysis results connected to the detecting means through line 164.
  • the said colorimetric analysis apparatus may be similar to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,031,917.
  • the said flow cell 154 is connected to the outlet of the mixing coil 150 by line 152, whereby the reacted sample segments may be flowed therethrough for colorimetric analysis, and the results thereof by stylus 167 on recorder chart 168 in a manner made clear in the said US. Pat. No. 3,031,917.
  • sample segment S will function to remove any residue from segment S of the preceeding sample from the interior walls of sample supply line 76, pump tube 132, connecting line 136, and flow passage 142 of the junction block 140.
  • sample segment S and reagent segment R in flow passage 146 of the junction block, the resultant combined sample and reagent segment 8 R, will function to remove any residue of the preceeding combined segment SR from flow passage 146, connecting line 148, mixing coil 150, connecting line 152, and flow cell 154.
  • the smaller or firstaspirated segment of each sample, and the air segments provided on either side thereof function as cleansing agents to prevent the contamination of the succeeding larger, second-aspirated segment of the same sample
  • switch means 175 may be provided, if preferred, in electrical line 164 and controlled, as indicated, by the operation of the sample supply assembly, to complete the circuit from the detecting means 162 to the chart recorder 166 only when a said larger or secondaspirated sample segment, mixed and reacted of course with the correspondingly aspirated reagent segment, flows through the flow cell.
  • the supply of power to the colorimetric analysis apparatus as a whole may be effected only when a larger sample segment flows through the flow cell.
  • each volume of reagent-treated sample liquid is in an intermediate position in the flowing stream between a leading gas bubble and a trailing gas bubble as the stream flows through the conduit to the flow cell for said analysis operation, and said gas bubbles are disposed, respectively, between said volume of treated sample liquid and a down stream portion of the same treated sample liquid and between said volume of treated sample liquid and an upstream portion of the same treated sample liquid.
  • a sample supply line 76 of sufficient internal diameter to provide air segments of sufficient extent to properly separate the sample segments, even after the mixture thereof with reagent.
  • the air segmenting of the reagent supply stream is not necessary whereby the reagent take-off assembly 16 may be eliminated and the inlet end of reagent supply line 78 merely submerged in any convenient source of reagent, as, for example, reagent receptacle 20, and a continuous stream of reagent supplied through the said supply line, pump tube 134 and connecting line 138, to flow passages 144 and 146 of the junction block 140 for combination therewithin with the respective air and sample segments supplied thereto through connecting line 136.
  • passing said flowing stream including segments of both the liquid samples of inert fluid through the sight passageway of the flow cell, the volume of at least one homogeneous portion of each liquid sample being at least equal to the volume of the sight passageway of theflow cell.
  • a method according to claim 1 comprising the further steps of:
  • a method according to claim 2 comprising the further steps of:
  • each liquid sample into a leading segment of relatively short length and a following segment of relatively long length, said following segment having a volume at least equal to the volume of the sight passageway of the flow cell,
  • leading segment providing a conduit cleansing function and said following segment providing a sample analytical function.
  • a method according to claim 3 comprising the further steps of:
  • Apparatus for the automatic quantitative analysis of a plurality of liquid samples each disposed in a respective container comprising:
  • off-take means including an off-take tube coupled to a pump means
  • said pump means draws through said offtake tube a flowing stream of successive liquid samples spaced apart by intermediate segments of air;
  • colorimeter means including a flow cell having a sight passageway and associated means for analyzing liquid samples passing through the sight passageway of the flow cell;
  • conduit means for passing the flowing stream of successive liquid samples spaced apart by intervening segments of air through the sight passageway of the flow cell.
  • Apparatus for the automatic quantitative analysis of a plurality of liquid samples comprising:
  • a colorimeter including a flow cell having a sight passageway and an inlet and an outlet through which liquid samples are transmitted for the quantitative analysis thereof in respect to the same known ingredient in each sample
  • conduit means for the passage of the liquid samples through the sight passageway of said flow cell, means for introducing a sample treating liquid and a segmentizing, inert, immiscible, fluid into said eonduit and thereby forming in said conduit means at a location upstream of said flow cell a fluid stream containing segments of treated sample liquid spaced from each other in the direction of stream flow by intervening immiscible fluid segments,
  • conduit means having an outlet connected to said inlet of said flow cell and devoid of other openings downstream of said upstream location to pass said fluid stream including treated liquid samples and said immiscible fluid segments through said sight passageway of said flow cell for analysis of said treated liquid samples with said accompanying cleansing of the sight passageway by said segmentizing fluid;
  • said colorimeter further includes means for providing a signal responsive to the optical density of the contents of said sight passageway;
  • a method according to claim 11 comprising the further steps of:

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US00369695A 1964-05-25 1964-05-25 Automatic analysis apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3804593A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00369695A US3804593A (en) 1964-05-25 1964-05-25 Automatic analysis apparatus and method
GB20875/65A GB1098573A (en) 1964-05-25 1965-05-18 Automatic analysis apparat us and method
JP40028861A JPS509316B1 (xx) 1964-05-25 1965-05-18
DE19651673103 DE1673103A1 (de) 1964-05-25 1965-05-20 Verfahren und Einrichtung fuer automatische Analysen
CH708265A CH457914A (de) 1964-05-25 1965-05-20 Verfahren und Gerät zur kontinuierlichen, quantitativen Analyse flüssiger Proben
BE664372D BE664372A (xx) 1964-05-25 1965-05-24
FR18143A FR1453884A (fr) 1964-05-25 1965-05-24 Appareil et procédé d'analyse automatique
SE6794/65A SE322360B (xx) 1964-05-25 1965-05-24

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US00369695A US3804593A (en) 1964-05-25 1964-05-25 Automatic analysis apparatus and method

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US3804593A true US3804593A (en) 1974-04-16

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US (1) US3804593A (xx)
JP (1) JPS509316B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE664372A (xx)
CH (1) CH457914A (xx)
DE (1) DE1673103A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1453884A (xx)
GB (1) GB1098573A (xx)
SE (1) SE322360B (xx)

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US3876374A (en) * 1974-03-22 1975-04-08 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for automated quantitative fluid analysis
US3912452A (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-10-14 Damon Corp Method and apparatus for photometric analysis of liquid samples
US3961898A (en) * 1975-01-14 1976-06-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Comparator circuit for automatic analysis apparatus
USRE30391E (en) * 1976-02-23 1980-09-02 Abbott Laboratories Chemical analysis cuvette
US4318706A (en) * 1978-10-27 1982-03-09 Continental Pharma Process for determining malondialdehyde
DE3226063A1 (de) * 1981-07-13 1983-02-10 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo Verfahren und vorrichtung zur durchflussanalyse
US4447395A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sampling device
US4574850A (en) * 1985-01-17 1986-03-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of and apparatus for dispensing liquid
EP0200235A2 (en) 1982-11-15 1986-11-05 TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION(a Delaware corporation) Continuous flow method
US4692308A (en) * 1982-03-17 1987-09-08 Vickers, Plc Automatic chemical analysis
US5110215A (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-05-05 Temple University Container for liquid crystal cumulative dosimeter
US5134445A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-07-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Sample inspecting method and apparatus
US5158364A (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-10-27 Temple University Method of making and using an improved liquid crystal cumulative dosimeter container
US5297431A (en) * 1992-06-01 1994-03-29 Thermo Separation Products (California) Inc. Automated sample dilution
US5426032A (en) * 1986-08-13 1995-06-20 Lifescan, Inc. No-wipe whole blood glucose test strip
FR2770299A1 (fr) * 1997-10-28 1999-04-30 Abx Sa Procede et dispositif pour la distribution fractionnee d'un echantillon de sang
US6458326B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2002-10-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Protective test strip platform
US6525330B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-02-25 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of strip insertion detection
US6541266B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-04-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip
US6562625B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-05-13 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US20100279899A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2010-11-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Capillary array and related methods
US20110031931A1 (en) * 2007-11-25 2011-02-10 Paul Rembach Method and apparatus for providing power to a marine vessel
EP2971176A4 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-11-16 Intelligent Bio Systems Inc APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR PURGING CIRCULATION CUVES IN NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCING INSTRUMENTS
US20220120774A1 (en) * 2019-04-26 2022-04-21 Hitachi High-Tech Corporation Automated analysis device

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US3840438A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-10-08 Technicon Instr Method of direct potentiometric analysis of a liquid sample
DE2602675C3 (de) * 1976-01-24 1981-05-21 Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co GmbH, 7770 Überlingen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Durchführung von Reihenanalysen
US4253846A (en) * 1979-11-21 1981-03-03 Technicon Instruments Corporation Method and apparatus for automated analysis of fluid samples
US4486097A (en) * 1981-09-09 1984-12-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company, Inc. Flow analysis
US4610544A (en) * 1981-09-09 1986-09-09 Clifford Riley Flow analysis
JP7495867B2 (ja) * 2020-10-30 2024-06-05 株式会社日立ハイテク 自動分析装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1453884A (fr) 1966-09-30
SE322360B (xx) 1970-04-06
JPS509316B1 (xx) 1975-04-11
DE1673103B2 (xx) 1975-03-06
DE1673103C3 (xx) 1975-10-23
DE1673103A1 (de) 1972-01-27
GB1098573A (en) 1968-01-10
CH457914A (de) 1968-06-15
BE664372A (xx) 1965-11-24

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