US3804339A - Method of fragmentizing metal strap - Google Patents

Method of fragmentizing metal strap Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804339A
US3804339A US00269594A US26959472A US3804339A US 3804339 A US3804339 A US 3804339A US 00269594 A US00269594 A US 00269594A US 26959472 A US26959472 A US 26959472A US 3804339 A US3804339 A US 3804339A
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United States
Prior art keywords
scrap
process according
cooled
fragmented
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00269594A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Laws
N Townsend
P Barham
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British Steel Corp
Original Assignee
British Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B02C19/0062—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for shredding scrap metal, e.g. automobile bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C19/186—Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/005—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium being a solid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S241/00—Solid material comminution or disintegration
    • Y10S241/37—Cryogenic cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49751—Scrap recovering or utilizing
    • Y10T29/49753—Metalworking to consolidate scrap

Definitions

  • a process for preparing metal scrap including cooling the scrap by contacting thescrap with a cooled gas until the scrap is brittle and then fragmenting the scrap, in which the gas is cooled by passing the gas through a heat exchanger to'which cooling agent is fed in the liquid phase and from which the cooling agent emerges in the gaseous phase.
  • the cooling agent emerging from the heat exchanger is compressed and liquified and fed back to the heat exchanger.
  • a cooling agent which is'readily available and which i has the desired thermodynamic properties of a low boiling point andhigh latent heat is natural gas which is approximatley 90 percent methane.
  • Methane has better thermodynamic properties than nitrogen for the purposes of cooling metal scrap to a temperature at which it becomes brittle and has the potential to re move approximately three times the heat per unit weight of cooling agent from steel than nitrogen.
  • methane is inflammable and for safety reasons cannot therefore be brought into direct contact in the liquid or gaseous phases with the scrap to be cooled.
  • the methane cools the scrap indirectly by heat exchange with a gas which in turn directly contacts the scrap.
  • the thermal efficiency of the overall process can be improved if the hot exhaust gases from the heat engine that compresses and/or liquifies the cooling agent are used to heat the fragmented scrap.
  • the heat engine i.e., a gas turbine can convenientlybe powered by methane.
  • the thermal efficiency can also be improved if the fragmented scrap, while still cold, is passed through a recuperator where the fragmented scrap receives heat from a gas which gas is used to cool scrap to be frag mented.
  • the brittleness of metal ata given temperature depends on the type of metal and it is possible that certain metals may not be fragmented as a result of cooling by contact with gas.
  • scrap pieces larger than a desired size are separated from the remainder of the fragmented scrap, and are subjected to a liquifiednormally gaseous cooling agent to reduce their temperature and are then fragmented.
  • the scrap is preferably passed into bundles before being contacted by the cooled gas.
  • it can be contained in containers.
  • each cooled bundle is fragmented by applying forces to the bundle at locations on opposite sides .of the bundle spaced along the length of the bundle, the locations on one side being offset with respect to the locations at the other side.
  • the scrap is passed continuously through .a chamber continuously fed with the cooled gas, the gas emerging from the chamber being fed back to the heat exchanger to be cooled again.
  • the scrap temperature is lowered quickly.
  • the bundles of scrap are successively positioned in a store where they are contacted by the cooled gas and are successively removed after a period of time.
  • each bundle is removed from the store as a result of the introduction of another bundle.
  • the scrap temperature is lowered slowly.
  • Any non-hazardous gas can be used to contact the scrap but it should preferably be dry.
  • waste nitrogen from tonnage oxygen plants is available and suitable.
  • dry air may be used.
  • the fragmented scrap can be fed directly to another crusher for further crushing.
  • the fragmented pieces can be rapidly heated so as to subject them to thermal shock, can be cooled again and then further crushed.
  • the invention consists of apparatus for carrying out the above processes.
  • FIG. 1 is one arrangement for the process according to the invention shown schematically
  • FIG. 2- is a cross sectional side view of part of the apparatus for the arrangement of FIG. 1, r
  • FIG. 3 is another arrangement for the process according to the invention shown schematically
  • FIG. 4 is a plan'view of part of the apparatus for the arrangement of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a detail of the apparatus of FIG. 4,
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show apparatus for use with rangements
  • FIG. 8 shows a modification that can be included in the arrangement of FIGS. 1 or 3.
  • the arrangement for the process for preparing metal scrap shown in FIG. 1 includes a primary loop 2 for natural gas which is about percent methane and a secondary loop 4 for nitrogen.
  • the methane is compressed by a compressor 6, liquified in a liquifaction plant 8, receives heat in a heat exchanger 10 from which it emerges as a gas, and passes back to the compressor 6.
  • the compressor is driven by a gas turbine 12 which is powered by methane from the grid.
  • nitrogen cooled in the heat exchanger is continuously fed to a scrap cooling chamber or tunnel 14 to cool the scrap by direct contact with the scrap as shown more fully in FIG. 2.
  • the nitrogen emerging from the tunnel 14 is driven by a fan 16 to a recuperator 18 where it gives off heat to fragmented scrap so as to precool the gas before it passes to the both arheat exchanger 10.
  • Cooled scrap emerging from the tunnel 14 is crushed in a crushing plant 20 and the fragmented scrap is then passed to the recuperator 18 where it receives heat from the gas that has left the tunnel 14.
  • the scrap then passes to a scrap preheater 22 which is warmed by the exhaust gases from the turbine 12.
  • the scrap can then be charged into a steelmaking vessel. 1
  • FIG. 2 shows the scrap cooling tunnel 14 in cross section.
  • Bundles of scrap 24 are delivered by a conveyor 26 to an inclined roller table 28 which passes through the entry 30 of the tunnel 14.
  • the entry 30 is provided with chain screens 32 to form an air lock.
  • the roller table 28 delivers the bundles 24 on to a conveyor 34 which transports the bundles through the tunnel to an inclined roller table 36 passing through an exit air lock 38 also provided with chain screens 40.
  • At the bundle exit end of the tunnel there is an inlet 42 for cooled nitrogen and at the bundle entry end there is an outlet 44 for nitrogen provided with the fan 16.
  • the tunnel 14 is provided with baffles 46 above and below the upper run of the conveyor 34 with the upper baffles 46 being offset with respect to the lower baffles 46.
  • Scrap can therefore be fed through the tunnel continuously in one sense and cooled nitrogen can flow through the tunnel in the opposite sense.
  • the baffles 46 direct the cooled gas through the conveyor 34 from one side to the other and back again to promote exchange of heat between the scrap and the nitrogen. With the tunnel l4 bundles of scrap are cooled continuously and quickly.
  • the arrangement for the process shown in FIG. 3 has a primary loop similar to the primary loop of FIG. 1 except that the heat exchanger is a cold store 48. Bundles of scrap are successively positioned in the cold store 48 where they are contacted with a gas, such as nitrogen cooled by the methane flowing through coil in the store 48 and are then successively removed after a period of time.
  • a gas such as nitrogen cooled by the methane flowing through coil in the store 48 and are then successively removed after a period of time.
  • Cooled scrap leaving the cold store 48 passes to a crushing plant ,20 and fragmented scrap passes to a recuperator 50 where it receives heat from gas in a loop 52. The scrap then passes to a scrap preheater 22 where it is heated by the exhaust gases from the turbine 12.
  • the gas in the loop 52 is driven around the loop by a fan 54.
  • the gas. having given off heat to the scrap in the recuperator 50 is used to precool bundles of scrap in a pre-cooler 56 before the scrap is positioned in the cold store 48.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the cold store 48 and the scrap precooler 56 are an integral unit. Bundles of scrap 24 are conveyed by I a conveyor 58 through an airlock 60 formed by a pair of chain curtains 62. In line with the conveyor 58 is another conveyor 64 extending parallel to the cold store 48 which consists of a series of cubicles 70 in line. Nitrogen in the loop 52 is passed through the pre-cooler 56 from inlet 66 to outlet 68 so as to precool the'bundles 24 held on the conveyor 58 awaiting delivery to the cold store 48. On the opposite side of the cold store 48 is a discharge conveyor 72 for conveying cooled bundles away from the cold store 48. A charging machine 78 having a ram 80 is movable along a table 82 parallel to the conveyor '64 and cold store 48 and can be moved so that the ram 80 is opposite any desired cubicle 70.
  • FIG. 1 cubicle 70 is shown.
  • a coil 74 forming part of the methane loop 2 is disposed in the roof of each cubicle 70.
  • the cubicle 70 has a door 76 at each end.
  • To charge the cubicle a bundle is conveyed by the conveyor 64 until it is opposite the desired cubicle 70.
  • the charging machine 78 isa'lso moved opposite the desired cubicle 70.
  • the doors 76 are then opened and the ram 80 pushesthe bundle 24 into the cubicle thus discharging a cooledbundle 24 already in the cubicle on to the discharge conveyor 72.
  • the doors 76 are then closed.
  • fans may be provided in each cubicle to circulate the nitrogen within the cubicles 70. Since the cubicles 70 are in direct communication with the pre-cooler 56 they will receive nitrogen from the inlet 66.
  • the process of charging the cubicles 70 successively can be automatic and can be set so that each bundle 24 remains sufficiently long in its cubicle to be cooled adequately for subsequent fragmentation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a press 84 for lightly compressing loose scrap to bind it into compact bundles 24 before being contacted by the cooled nitrogen.
  • the press 84 includes two pressing members 86 and 88 operated by hydraulic rams 90.
  • the member 86 squeezes the pieces to the required width.
  • the bundles 24 do not have a density as high as those leaving a conventional baling process.
  • FIG. 7 shows a crusher 20 which is similar in construction to a forging hammer except that it has saw toothed plattens 92, 94.
  • the lower platten 92 in fixed and the upper platten 92 is movable.
  • the plattens 92, 94 have projections 96 which contact the cooled bundle 24 at locations spaced along the length of the bundle, the projections 96 on one platten being offset with respect to the projections on the other platten.
  • the projections 96 impart highly localised bending momerits and shear forces to the scrap and thus promote fracture as preferred planes indicated by chain dot lines 98.
  • the bundles 24 are fed intermittently through the crusher 20.
  • low alloy steels which are more resistant to impact than carbon steels, are best first subjected to thermal shock so as to cause surface crazing or cracking.
  • the scrap is particularly susceptible to thermal shock because of its brittleness and poor conductivity at low temperatures.
  • the crazing and cracking causes stress raisers in the scrap which promote fracture in a secondary crusher.
  • Plain carbon steel is ductile at temperatures above about 0C, and is very brittle below about 30C. In between there is a narrow transition region. Low alloy steels have a larger transition region and in general need to be cooled to a lower temperature than plain carbon steels to render them brittle. It is to be understood that in the performance of the process of the invention the metal to be crushed should preferably be cooled so as to be in the brittle region, although the process may be used with some of the metal at a temperature in the transition region.
  • FIG. 8 shows a modification that can be made to the arrangement of either FIGS. 1 or 3 so that scrap which has not been made adequately brittle can be further cooled.
  • the fragmented scrap leaving the crusher 20, and before passing to the recuperator 18 or 50 passes to a size grader 100 where scrap pieces larger than a desired size are separated from the remainder of the fragmented scrap and fed to an auxiliary cooling chamber 102.
  • liquid nitrogen is directed onto the separated scrap pieces, which consequently are cooled below the temperature to which they were previously reduced.
  • the scrap then passes to an auxiliary crusher 104 where the pieces are crushed. Any pieces still oversize are rejected in a size grader 106 and the remaining pieces rejoin the remainder of the scrap in the recuperator 18, 50.
  • cooling agent is compressed by means driven by a heat engine, the hot exhaust gases from which are used to heat the fragmented scrap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
US00269594A 1971-07-29 1972-07-07 Method of fragmentizing metal strap Expired - Lifetime US3804339A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3569271A GB1381726A (en) 1971-07-29 1971-07-29 Scrap treatment

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US3804339A true US3804339A (en) 1974-04-16

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US00269594A Expired - Lifetime US3804339A (en) 1971-07-29 1972-07-07 Method of fragmentizing metal strap

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US (1) US3804339A (enExample)
BE (1) BE786707A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2233255A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2147755A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1381726A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7210408A (enExample)
SE (1) SE375919B (enExample)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015780A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-04-05 Boc Limited Powder forming
US4018633A (en) * 1975-11-19 1977-04-19 Ford Motor Company Cryogenic metal chip reclamation
DE2657533A1 (de) * 1975-12-18 1977-06-30 Atlas Copco Ab Spruehvorrichtung
US4056231A (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-11-01 British Steel Corporation Scrap treatment
EP0005926A3 (en) * 1978-05-19 1980-01-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic freezer and method of operating the same
US5408846A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-04-25 Crumbrubber Technology Company, Inc. Apparatus for preparing rubber and other materials for recycling
US20040231342A1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2004-11-25 Soon-Jin Hong Freeze-grinding method of the waste materials using the cooled air
WO2005068920A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-28 Supercool Llc System and method for cryogenic cooling using liquefied natural gas
CN112808679A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-18 浙江永达电力科技有限公司 一种基于铁塔的边角料环保型再回收处理装置

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248836A (en) * 1977-05-11 1981-02-03 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Recovery of nuclear fuel material
JPS56117065A (en) * 1980-02-16 1981-09-14 Hoshino Hiroshi Rapid cooling device
GB2079917B (en) * 1980-07-12 1984-03-14 Air Prod & Chem Tunnel freezers
BE1008422A3 (nl) * 1994-07-08 1996-05-07 Oxhydrique Internationale L Werkwijze voor het slopen van metalen tanks.
DE19717006A1 (de) * 1997-04-23 1998-10-29 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Kühlung von stückigem oder körnigem Gut sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
CN112389004A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 兰州工业学院 一种热压成型机构及钛合金复合材料加工模具
CN112892661B (zh) * 2021-01-19 2022-06-14 唐山市山岳重工机械制造有限公司 一种颚式破碎机

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742176A (en) * 1952-07-29 1956-04-17 Super Treat Inc Apparatus for sub-zero treatment of metals
US3072347A (en) * 1961-11-02 1963-01-08 Du Pont Metal processing
US3137101A (en) * 1962-12-03 1964-06-16 Bell Intercontinental Corp Method and apparatus for deflashing parts
US3298138A (en) * 1964-02-24 1967-01-17 Pangborn Corp Apparatus for deflashing molded resilient pieces
US3643873A (en) * 1968-07-25 1972-02-22 George & Cie Process for fragmenting scrap metal
US3666185A (en) * 1971-02-17 1972-05-30 Virgil C Williams Cryogenic crushing of materials
US3713592A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-01-30 H Beike Process and apparatus for the fine comminution of solids

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742176A (en) * 1952-07-29 1956-04-17 Super Treat Inc Apparatus for sub-zero treatment of metals
US3072347A (en) * 1961-11-02 1963-01-08 Du Pont Metal processing
US3137101A (en) * 1962-12-03 1964-06-16 Bell Intercontinental Corp Method and apparatus for deflashing parts
US3298138A (en) * 1964-02-24 1967-01-17 Pangborn Corp Apparatus for deflashing molded resilient pieces
US3643873A (en) * 1968-07-25 1972-02-22 George & Cie Process for fragmenting scrap metal
US3713592A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-01-30 H Beike Process and apparatus for the fine comminution of solids
US3666185A (en) * 1971-02-17 1972-05-30 Virgil C Williams Cryogenic crushing of materials

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Better Scrap Comes in from the Cold, Business Week, Oct. 31, 1970, p. 54. *
Chattanooga Times, newspaper article on page 26 of Sept. 10, 1970 edition entitled Scrap Process Uses Freezing. *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015780A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-04-05 Boc Limited Powder forming
US4056231A (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-11-01 British Steel Corporation Scrap treatment
US4018633A (en) * 1975-11-19 1977-04-19 Ford Motor Company Cryogenic metal chip reclamation
DE2657533A1 (de) * 1975-12-18 1977-06-30 Atlas Copco Ab Spruehvorrichtung
EP0005926A3 (en) * 1978-05-19 1980-01-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic freezer and method of operating the same
US5408846A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-04-25 Crumbrubber Technology Company, Inc. Apparatus for preparing rubber and other materials for recycling
US20040231342A1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2004-11-25 Soon-Jin Hong Freeze-grinding method of the waste materials using the cooled air
US6923392B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-08-02 Kolon Construction Co., Ltd. Freeze-grinding method of the waste materials using the cooled air
WO2005068920A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-28 Supercool Llc System and method for cryogenic cooling using liquefied natural gas
CN112808679A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-18 浙江永达电力科技有限公司 一种基于铁塔的边角料环保型再回收处理装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2147755A5 (enExample) 1973-03-09
DE2233255A1 (de) 1973-02-08
NL7210408A (enExample) 1973-01-31
SE375919B (enExample) 1975-05-05
GB1381726A (en) 1975-01-29
BE786707A (fr) 1972-11-16

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