US3804112A - Surge control for a compressor - Google Patents

Surge control for a compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804112A
US3804112A US27364972A US3804112A US 3804112 A US3804112 A US 3804112A US 27364972 A US27364972 A US 27364972A US 3804112 A US3804112 A US 3804112A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
surge
compressor
surge control
rate controller
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
K Harner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Aircraft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Aircraft Corp filed Critical United Aircraft Corp
Priority to US27364972 priority Critical patent/US3804112A/en
Priority to DE2323632A priority patent/DE2323632C2/de
Priority to FR7319245A priority patent/FR2194246A5/fr
Priority to GB3140773A priority patent/GB1432022A/en
Priority to JP48077812A priority patent/JPS5924279B2/ja
Priority to SE7309859A priority patent/SE386719B/xx
Priority to IT2684473A priority patent/IT992658B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3804112A publication Critical patent/US3804112A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7762—Fluid pressure type
    • Y10T137/7764—Choked or throttled pressure type

Definitions

  • This invention has utility in aircraft air conditioning systems and is currently incorporated in an APU of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,678,285 granted to J. J. Griffith on July 18, 1972 and assigned to the-same assignee.
  • the invention is designed to solve the problem of keeping the compressor out of surge when it evidences a rapid reduction in airflow such as when the main aircraft engine pressure increases causing a check valve downstream of the compressor to close, thus, closing off the discharge from the compressor and dropping airflow so as to cause the compressor to go toward the surge condition.
  • the static pressure at the diffuser is particularly efficacious since it will increase when the system flow is decreased due to two factors: (1) the Mach number past the static tap is decreasing therefore the static pressure will increase towards the compressor discharge total pressure and (2) compressor discharge total pressure increases as system flow is decreased toward the-surge linepThese two effects combine to produce substantial rate of increase of compressor discharge static pressure whenever system airflow is reduced rapidly.
  • the rate sensor operates so as to open a large poppet which ports high pressure into the surge valve actuator causing it to open rapidly to keep the compressor out of surge.
  • the poppet will be caused to open an amount which allows the surge valve to open at a rate which is significantly faster than would be possible with only the normal surge control.
  • the rate of increase of compressor discharge static pressure is not high enough to cause the large poppet to open and hence will not adversely affect the surge control.
  • the normal surge control which is stable and accurate during normal operation but unable to respond fast enough under certain conditions is not compromised since the rate controller serves to keep the compressor out of surge during these certain conditions. Therefore, where the heretofore air conditioning system with a single surge control was unable to keep the compressor out of surge for rapid airflow decreases, the incorporation of the.
  • present invention has obviated this problem so that the compressor in response to rapid airflow decreases is maintained out of surge.
  • rate sensors for surge controls are not new in the art as is exemplified by the US. Pat. No. 2,969,805 granted to D. U. Hunter on Jan. 31, 1961, what is deemed novel by this invention is the incorporation of a rate sensor working in conjunction with a normal surge control such that the normal surge control can be designed to have a lower rate of response and hence a relatively low gain so as to be stable and accurate not only for the purpose of simplicity of apparatus but also to enhance its sensitivity the rate sensor is made responsive to the static pressure in the diffuser duct leading from the compressor.
  • the rate sensor does not require the use of check and poppet valves in the sensor itself as is shown in the heretofore mentioned prior art.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide an irnsure in the diffuser at the exit of the compressor for opening a poppet for porting high pressure into the surge valve actuator for idly.
  • FIGURE is a view partly in schematic and partly in section illustrating the details of this invention.
  • air which may be ram air supplied by the ram scoops of the aircraft (not shown) is admitted into the duct 10 where it is directed to the compressor 12 through the inlet guide vanes 14 where it is compressed and delivered to the air conditioning package to supply the aircraft cabin and/or compartments via duct 16, check valve 18 and exit diffuser 20.
  • duct 16 check valve 18 and exit diffuser 20.
  • cross ducts which are in communication with the engine bleed air and in the event that the pressure from the engine becomes at a sufficiently high level check valve 18 is closed to prevent backflow to the compressor.
  • a surge valve generally illustrated by numeral 22 which is normally in the closed position is positioned to open bysurge actuator 24.
  • Actuator 24 which may be of the half area type is controlled by virtue of bleeding high pressure servo air through the restricter 26 which is in series flow connection with poppet valve 30.
  • Poppet valve 28 is in parallel with orifice 26 and can also supply high pressure air to open the actuator.
  • high pressure bleed air from the main engine of the aircraft is admitted to line 31 and a portion being directed into cavity 32 and a portion flows past restrictor 26 into chamber 34, and out of valve 30 to ambient under normal conditions. Since the effective area of piston 36 exposed to chamber 32 is substantially half the area of the piston exposed into chamber 34 approximately half the amount of pressure in chamber 34 as is in chamber 32 is necessary in order to equalize the forces on the piston. A slight force in either direction will cause piston 36 and its extending rod 38 to move. Rectilinear movement of piston 36, accordingly, will move ratchet 40 and hence pinion gear 42 for rotating butterfly valve 44 of surge control valve 22.
  • the surge control 48 senses total pressure downstream of compressor 12 in diffuser section 52 via line 50 and static pressure in the diffuser section 52 of the compressor via line 54. It being noted that the static pressure is sensed at the throat or reduced area section and total pressure or its approximation is sensed at the larger area section. The difference of pressure drop across diaphragm 56 is indicative of the air weight flow in the diffuser 52, and hence through the compressor.
  • valve 30 is away from seat 58 whenever the weight flow is above the predetermined value.
  • diaphragm 56 responding to the drop between static and total'pressure in diffuser 52, positions the diaphragm in an upward direction closing line 64 from ambient via line 62 so that the pressure in chamber 34 will buildup toward the value of the pressure in line 31 to position actuator 24 to the rightto open the surge valve 44.
  • closing poppet 30 causes engine bleed in line 31 to decrease the pressure drop across restrictor 26 thus increasing the pressure in chamber 34, positioning piston 36 to the right for rotating butterfly valve 44 in the open position.
  • opening the surge valve increases air weight flow above the value where surge ensues. It being understood that surge is a well known phenomena, undesirable or intolerable operating condition and need not be theorized for an understanding of this invention.
  • diaphragm 56 senses the differences between total and static pressure of diffuser 52 to open surge valve 22 to hold compressor discharge weight flow above a predetermined value and it is also being appreciated that the rotational speed of the compressor is held at a constant.
  • the rate sensor generally indicated by reference numeral 70 senses static pressure at the throat of diffuser 52.
  • Diaphragm 72 is disposed in cavity 74 dividing it into a pair of subchambers 76 and 78.
  • Static pressure in line 80 is admitted directly into chamber 76 and via restrictor 82 before egressing to chamber 78. Since diaphragm is sensitive to the difference between static pressure directly and the bleed through orifice 82 it will only move when the rate is above a predetermined value. This value is selected to assure proper cooperation between the surge control and rate sensor.
  • Means for preventing a compressor discharging into a diffuser from operating under surge conditions including in combination, a surge control operating under one set of conditions and a rate controller operating under another set of conditions, said surge control having a lower gain than the rate controller, said rate controller being responsive to the static pressure at the reduced area section of the diffuser operating independently and/or concomitantly with said surge control, means responsive to both said surge control and said rate controller for maintaining the airflow through said compressor above a predetermined value.
  • Means as claimed in claim 1 including a surge valve, an actuator controlled by said surge control and said rate controller for controlling said surge valve.
  • said rate controller includes a cavity, a diaphragm extending across said cavity defining a pair of subchambers, means including passages for admitting pressure into both subchambers, and a flow restrictor in said passages restricting flow into only one of said subchambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US27364972 1972-07-20 1972-07-20 Surge control for a compressor Expired - Lifetime US3804112A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27364972 US3804112A (en) 1972-07-20 1972-07-20 Surge control for a compressor
DE2323632A DE2323632C2 (de) 1972-07-20 1973-05-10 Vorrichtung zur Pumpverhütung in einem Verdichter
FR7319245A FR2194246A5 (enExample) 1972-07-20 1973-05-16
GB3140773A GB1432022A (en) 1972-07-20 1973-07-02 Surge control for a compressor
JP48077812A JPS5924279B2 (ja) 1972-07-20 1973-07-10 コンプレツサ−用サ−ジ調整器
SE7309859A SE386719B (sv) 1972-07-20 1973-07-13 Stotkontroll for en kompressor
IT2684473A IT992658B (it) 1972-07-20 1973-07-20 Comando di compensazione per compressore

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27364972 US3804112A (en) 1972-07-20 1972-07-20 Surge control for a compressor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3804112A true US3804112A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=23044834

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US27364972 Expired - Lifetime US3804112A (en) 1972-07-20 1972-07-20 Surge control for a compressor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3804112A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5924279B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2323632C2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2194246A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1432022A (enExample)
IT (1) IT992658B (enExample)
SE (1) SE386719B (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4574585A (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-03-11 General Motors Corporation Compressor bleed valve
US6152978A (en) * 1996-02-02 2000-11-28 Pall Corporation Soot filter
CN102297120A (zh) * 2011-08-04 2011-12-28 长春工业大学 一种空压机防喘振广义预测控制系统及方法
CN103195585A (zh) * 2013-04-12 2013-07-10 长春航空液压控制有限公司 一种防喘活门
CN113623175A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-09 江苏新克医疗器械有限公司 医用压缩泵压力自动调节系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5139132Y1 (enExample) * 1970-02-16 1976-09-25
DE3623696A1 (de) * 1986-07-14 1988-01-28 Dietmar Prof Dr Hennecke Verdichter mit einrichtungen zur verhinderung des pumpens
WO2019227237A1 (en) 2018-06-01 2019-12-05 4031202 Canada Inc. Air quality improvement for pressurized aircraft

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938537A (en) * 1953-06-01 1960-05-31 Garrett Corp Shut-off valve rate of operating control
US3047010A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-07-31 Bendix Corp Air pressure regulator
US3047210A (en) * 1958-12-26 1962-07-31 United Aircraft Corp Compressor surge control
US3393699A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-07-23 United Aircraft Corp Over pressure limiter
US3473727A (en) * 1968-01-02 1969-10-21 Bendix Corp Air compressor surge control apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE312137C (enExample) *
AT69587B (de) * 1912-07-19 1915-08-10 Hans Guyer Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Betätigung eines Abblase- bzw. Rückströmventiles an Kreiselverdichtern und -pumpen.
DE1107887B (de) * 1957-04-16 1961-05-31 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Regler zur Pumpverhuetung bei Stroemungsverdichtern

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938537A (en) * 1953-06-01 1960-05-31 Garrett Corp Shut-off valve rate of operating control
US3047010A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-07-31 Bendix Corp Air pressure regulator
US3047210A (en) * 1958-12-26 1962-07-31 United Aircraft Corp Compressor surge control
US3393699A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-07-23 United Aircraft Corp Over pressure limiter
US3473727A (en) * 1968-01-02 1969-10-21 Bendix Corp Air compressor surge control apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4574585A (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-03-11 General Motors Corporation Compressor bleed valve
US6152978A (en) * 1996-02-02 2000-11-28 Pall Corporation Soot filter
CN102297120A (zh) * 2011-08-04 2011-12-28 长春工业大学 一种空压机防喘振广义预测控制系统及方法
CN103195585A (zh) * 2013-04-12 2013-07-10 长春航空液压控制有限公司 一种防喘活门
CN113623175A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-09 江苏新克医疗器械有限公司 医用压缩泵压力自动调节系统
CN113623175B (zh) * 2021-09-07 2022-04-19 江苏新克医疗器械有限公司 医用压缩泵压力自动调节系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE386719B (sv) 1976-08-16
DE2323632A1 (de) 1974-01-31
IT992658B (it) 1975-09-30
JPS5924279B2 (ja) 1984-06-08
FR2194246A5 (enExample) 1974-02-22
JPS4945411A (enExample) 1974-04-30
DE2323632C2 (de) 1984-01-26
GB1432022A (en) 1976-04-14

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