US3804069A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804069A
US3804069A US00224804A US22480472A US3804069A US 3804069 A US3804069 A US 3804069A US 00224804 A US00224804 A US 00224804A US 22480472 A US22480472 A US 22480472A US 3804069 A US3804069 A US 3804069A
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United States
Prior art keywords
secondary fluid
preheater
shell
disposed
wrapper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00224804A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Bennett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US00224804A priority Critical patent/US3804069A/en
Priority to JP48014372A priority patent/JPS5222041B2/ja
Priority to IT20155/73A priority patent/IT978918B/it
Priority to FR7304459A priority patent/FR2171791A5/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3804069A publication Critical patent/US3804069A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F22B1/025—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group with vertical U shaped tubes carried on a horizontal tube sheet

Definitions

  • a shell and tube steam generator having a U-shaped tube bundle and a preheater.
  • the preheater is disposed on the cold leg portion of the tube bundle and is cooperatively associated with an annular chamber formed by a tube bundle wrapper and the shell to direct inlet water upwardly through the preheater portion and downwardly through the annular chamber, across the tube sheet and upwardly along the outside surfaces of the tubes to optimize the temperature and pressure of the steam produced.
  • This invention relates to steam generators for nuclear power plants and more particularly to such steam generators having a preheater portion disposed therein.
  • the pressure of the steam is a function of the log means temperature difference (LMTD) of the two fluids.
  • LMTD log means temperature difference
  • Increasing the LMTD may also be accomplished within the steam generator by providing a preheater chamber in which inlet water is heated to a temperature lower than the boiling point.
  • a steam generator utilizing a primary heated fluid to vaporize a secondary liquid when made in accordance with this invention, has a vertical shell portion, a tube sheet disposed adjacent one end thereof, a tube bundle having a plurality of U-shaped tubesthrough whichthe primary fluid flows, a wrapper encircling the tubes and forming an annular chamber between the tube bundle and the shell, and a preheated portion disposed adjacent the tube sheet.
  • a fluid inlet nozzle is disposed to feed secondary fluid into the preheater portion and the preheater has an outlet disposed to discharge the secondary fluid into the annular chamber.
  • the wrapper cooperates with the shell and outlet to cause preheated secondary fluid to flow generally upwardly over all of the outer tube surface disposed outside of the preheater.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a steam generator made in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line III-' -III OF FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line IVIV of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a steam or vapor generator 1 having a vertical shell portion 3 and a plurality of U-shaped tubes 5 forming a tube bundle 7 which is disposed within the shell 3.
  • the shell has a lower portion 9 having one diameter, an upper portion 1 1 having a larger diameter and a frustoconical portion 13 serving as a transition member between the upper and lower portions 11 and 9, respectively.
  • the lower portion of the shell 9 is enclosed by a spherical head portion 15.
  • the head portion 15 has an integral tube sheet 17 which receives the ends of the U-shaped tubes 5.
  • a dividing plate 19 separates the head 15 into two generally equalcompartments 21 and 23.
  • the inlet compartment 21, the one on the left, has an inlet nozzle 25 for primary fluid and the outlet compartment, 23, the one on the right, has an outlet nozzle disposed therein, however, the outlet nozzle is not shown.
  • a sleeve or wrapper portion 27 enwraps the tube bundle and forms an annular chamber 29 between the wrapper 27 and'the shell 3.
  • a preheater portion 31' is disposed adjacent the tube sheet 17 on the cold leg portion of the tube bundle 7, the portion shown on the right.
  • the preheater 31 is an enclosed chamber formed by aportion of the wrapper 27, a bottom circular closure plate 33 disposed adjacent andparallel to the tube sheet 17, an upper closure plate 34disposed parallel to the bottom closure plate 33 and a vertical closure plate 36 extending between the bottom and upper closure plates 33 and 34, respectively, and parallelto the tubes 5.
  • a secondary fluid or water inlet nozzle 37 is disposed in the shell 3 adjacent the preheater 31 and has a liner 41 which directs the inlet water to the preheater and an impact plate 43 which directs the inlet flow downwardly and prevents the high velocity inlet fluid from impinging upon the tubes.
  • A- plurality of horizontal baffles 45 are so disposed within the preheater 31 to cause the inlet secondary fluid to follow a sinuous path as it flows upwardly to outlet portion 47, which discharge the preheated secondary fluid into the annular chamber 29.
  • the end of the wrapper 27 adjacent the tube sheet 17 has a plurality of notches 49 so disposed to direct the preheated fluid so that it sweeps across the tube sheet 17 prior to flowing upwardly along the outer surface of the tubes not contained'within the preheater.
  • Some of the notches 49 are provided with adjustable flow gates 51 which are adapted to change the opened area of the notches to adjust the flow of the preheated secondary fluid across the tube sheet.
  • the wrapper 27 generally parallels the shell and flares outwardly along with the transition portion 13 and has a domed end closure 53 disposed in the lower portion of the upper portion 11 of the shell 3.
  • the domed end closure 53 and wrapper 27 thus form a chamber 55 above the tubes for collecting the steam or vaporproduced by the steam generator.
  • the upper portion 11 of the shell is closedby an elliptical head portion 57.
  • a steamor vapor outlet nozzle 59 is centrally disposed in the elliptical head and provides a discharge port for vapor produced in the steam generator.
  • Two diametrically opposed manways 61 provide access to the interior of the upper portion of the shell which houses two separate moisture or liquid separators 63 and 65.
  • the first separator 63 is a centrifugal-type separator and comprises a plurality of riser tubes 67 in communication with the chamber 55 and extending upwardly from the domed end portion 53 of the wrapper 27.
  • the riser tubes 67 have swirl vanes 69 disposed therein.
  • the swirl vanes 69 extend radially from a centrally disposed hub portion 71 which is disposed adjacent the upper end of the riser tube 67.
  • a closure plate 73 generally extends horizontallyacross the shell 3 dividing the upper portion 11 into two chambers. The closure plate 73 is disposed slightly above the upper end of the riser tubes 67 and has-orifices 75 which register with the riser tubes 67.
  • Collars 77 extend through the orifices 75 and extend downwardly therefrom.
  • Sleeves 79 encircle the riser tubes and depend from the closure plate 73. The lower end of the sleeve 79 are disposed above the dorned end closure 53 providing a lower discharge port. The upper end of the sleeves have tangential discharge ports 81 disposed adjacent the closure plate 73.
  • the second moisture separator 65 comprises two groups of hook and pocket vane-type or chevron separators disposed in parallel, one group being disposed above the other.
  • the hook and pocket vane-type separators 65 have drip legs 83 depending therefrom, the lower end of the drip legs 83 have a seal cup 85 connected thereto.
  • the operation of the steam generator is as follows: primary heated fluid from a nuclear reactor (not shown) flows through the primary fluid inlet nozzle to the inlet chamber 21, which acts as a header for the U-shaped tubes. The primary fluid then flows through the U-shaped tubes and is discharged into the outlet chamber 23 and returns to the nuclear reactor through the discharge nozzle (not shown). Secondary fluid or water enters through the secondary fluid inlet nozzle 37 and flows to the preheater section 31 wherein it flows upwardly across the cold leg portion of the tube bundle following a sinuous path defined by the baffles 45 to the outlet ports 47 disposed in the upper end of the preheater. The preheated secondary fluid or water then flows downwardly in the annular chamber 29 and is directed to sweep across the tube sheet 17 by the notches 49.
  • the open area of the notches 49 is adjusted by the flow gates 51 to provide the proper distribution of secondary fluid sweeping across the tube sheet to prevent chemical hideout and premature boiling.
  • the secondary fluid then flows upwardly over the outer surface of the tubes not disposed within the preheater removing heat from the primary fluid thus increasing its temperature to the boiling point. Boiling takes place as the secondary fluid moves upwardly, thus forming steam or vapor which separates from the liquid and collects in the chamber 55.
  • the steam which collects in the chamber 55 flows upwardly through the riser tubes 67 and as it passes over the swirl vane 69 it begins to swirl and form a vortex as it leaves the riser tubes.
  • the moisture or liquid flows to the outside of the vortex and is discharged downwardly through the annular chamber formed between the sleeve and the riser tube or is discharged through the tangential discharge nozzles 81 disposed adjacent the closure plate 73.
  • Steam-with a large portion of the moisture removed then flows upwardly through the collar 77 and through the hook and pocket vane-type separator 65 which removes additional moisture or fluid droplets from the vapor or steam and then essentially moisture-free vapor or steam flows through the outlet nozzle 59.
  • the water or liquid droplets separated from the steam are discharged into the lower portion ofthe upper portion of the shell and flow across the upper side of the domed enclosure 53 and down the annular chamber 29 and mixes with the discharge from the preheater.
  • the mixture flows downwardly due to natural circulation and sweeps across the tube sheet prior to beginning its upward flow along the outside of the tubes not included in the preheater.
  • the steam generator 1 with a preheater 31 as hereinbefore described advantageously raises the temperature of the secondary fluid to a temperature below the boiling point and then'directs the preheated fluid upwardly along the outer surfaces of the tubes not included within the preheater to optimize the pressure and temperature of the steam produced therein.
  • a vapor generator'utilizing a primary heated fluid to vaporize a secondary fluid said vapor generator having a vertical shell portion, a tube sheet disposed adjacent one end thereof, a tube bundle formed by a plurality of U-shaped tubes through which said primary fluid flows, a wrapper generally encircling the entire length of said tube bundle to form an annular chamber between said wrapper and said shell which generally extends the entire length of said tube bundle, a preheated portion disposed adjacent said tube sheet, and a secondary fluid inlet nozzle disposed to feed secondary fluid into said preheater portion, said preheater portion having outlet means for discharging secondary fluid into said annular chamber, said wrapper being cooperatively associated with said shell and said outlet whereby preheated secondary fluid flows generally upwardly over all the outside surface of the tubes disposed outside the preheater,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00224804A 1972-02-09 1972-02-09 Steam generator Expired - Lifetime US3804069A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00224804A US3804069A (en) 1972-02-09 1972-02-09 Steam generator
JP48014372A JPS5222041B2 (es) 1972-02-09 1973-02-06
IT20155/73A IT978918B (it) 1972-02-09 1973-02-08 Generatore di vapore
FR7304459A FR2171791A5 (es) 1972-02-09 1973-02-08

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00224804A US3804069A (en) 1972-02-09 1972-02-09 Steam generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3804069A true US3804069A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=22842286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00224804A Expired - Lifetime US3804069A (en) 1972-02-09 1972-02-09 Steam generator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3804069A (es)
JP (1) JPS5222041B2 (es)
FR (1) FR2171791A5 (es)
IT (1) IT978918B (es)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916843A (en) * 1974-01-15 1975-11-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Buffer zone for counterflow preheater
US3957019A (en) * 1974-08-15 1976-05-18 Foster Wheeler Limited Heat exchangers
US4303043A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-12-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Sludge collection system for a nuclear steam generator
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
US4522156A (en) * 1981-06-16 1985-06-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Steam generator
US4554889A (en) * 1984-06-22 1985-11-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hybrid preheat/recirculating steam generator
EP0189032A2 (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-30 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger having baffle plates with tube receiving openings
US4714055A (en) * 1984-09-17 1987-12-22 Framtome & Cie Water and steam separating device for drying moist steam
US5419391A (en) * 1991-04-05 1995-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Steam generator with axial flow preheater
CN103208317A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-17 巴布科克和威尔科克斯核能股份有限公司 具有外部蒸汽鼓筒的一体式压水反应堆
US20140116360A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Method and apparatus for securing tubes in a steam generator against vibration
US9697919B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2017-07-04 Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc Anti-vibration tube support plate arrangement for steam generators
US20180306519A1 (en) * 2015-10-21 2018-10-25 Technip France Device for the exchange of heat between a first fluid intended to be vaporized and a second fluid intended to be cooled and/or condensed, and associated installation and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1475222A (en) * 1974-06-21 1977-06-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Steam generator including moisture separator
JPS5336757U (es) * 1976-09-06 1978-03-31

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3483848A (en) * 1967-12-01 1969-12-16 Ramona Bernice Green Vapor generator with integral economizer
US3547084A (en) * 1969-12-12 1970-12-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator with integral economizer
US3576179A (en) * 1969-12-24 1971-04-27 Combustion Eng Economizer for shell-and-tube steam generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3483848A (en) * 1967-12-01 1969-12-16 Ramona Bernice Green Vapor generator with integral economizer
US3547084A (en) * 1969-12-12 1970-12-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator with integral economizer
US3576179A (en) * 1969-12-24 1971-04-27 Combustion Eng Economizer for shell-and-tube steam generator

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916843A (en) * 1974-01-15 1975-11-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Buffer zone for counterflow preheater
US3957019A (en) * 1974-08-15 1976-05-18 Foster Wheeler Limited Heat exchangers
US4303043A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-12-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Sludge collection system for a nuclear steam generator
US4522156A (en) * 1981-06-16 1985-06-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Steam generator
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
US4554889A (en) * 1984-06-22 1985-11-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hybrid preheat/recirculating steam generator
US4714055A (en) * 1984-09-17 1987-12-22 Framtome & Cie Water and steam separating device for drying moist steam
EP0189032B1 (en) * 1985-01-25 1990-11-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger having baffle plates with tube receiving openings
EP0189032A2 (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-30 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger having baffle plates with tube receiving openings
US5419391A (en) * 1991-04-05 1995-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Steam generator with axial flow preheater
US9697919B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2017-07-04 Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc Anti-vibration tube support plate arrangement for steam generators
CN103208317A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-17 巴布科克和威尔科克斯核能股份有限公司 具有外部蒸汽鼓筒的一体式压水反应堆
WO2013147971A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-10-03 Babcock & Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc. Integral pressurized water reactor with external drum
US9523496B2 (en) 2012-01-17 2016-12-20 Bwxt Nuclear Energy, Inc. Integral pressurized water reactor with external steam drum
US20140116360A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Method and apparatus for securing tubes in a steam generator against vibration
US20180306519A1 (en) * 2015-10-21 2018-10-25 Technip France Device for the exchange of heat between a first fluid intended to be vaporized and a second fluid intended to be cooled and/or condensed, and associated installation and method
US11686531B2 (en) * 2015-10-21 2023-06-27 Technip Energies France Device for the exchange of heat between a first fluid intended to be vaporized and a second fluid intended to be cooled and/or condensed, and associated installation and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4891401A (es) 1973-11-28
JPS5222041B2 (es) 1977-06-15
FR2171791A5 (es) 1973-09-21
IT978918B (it) 1974-09-20

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