US3803839A - Method for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Method for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3803839A
US3803839A US00179678A US17967871A US3803839A US 3803839 A US3803839 A US 3803839A US 00179678 A US00179678 A US 00179678A US 17967871 A US17967871 A US 17967871A US 3803839 A US3803839 A US 3803839A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
catalyzer
exhaust gas
carbon monoxide
burner
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00179678A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Santiago
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arvin Industries Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702045233 external-priority patent/DE2045233C/de
Application filed by Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3803839A publication Critical patent/US3803839A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control

Definitions

  • One well known method suggests detoxification of the exhaust gases in two steps.
  • the exhaust gas if fed through an after burning device in which the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are proportionally reduced.
  • the reduction of the proportion of the nitrogen oxide is accomplished, in accordance with the known method, by a feedback of the exhaust gases, whereby the feedback apparatus is com bined with the after burning device.
  • the exhaust gas feedback is accomplished in accordance with the known method by syphoning off a portion of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas pipe upstream of the muffler and supplying it to the carburator. In this manner the combustion temperature is reduced to such an extent that substantially less nitrogen oxide is produced in the engine during combustion.
  • the ignition timing is shifted to reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gases.
  • This method also reduces the combustion temperature in theengine, as in the case of the exhaust feedback method.
  • This method has the substantial disadvantage that it results in a significant increase in fuel consumption.
  • a catalyzer is provided downstream of the after burning device.
  • the combustion in the after burning device is controlled so that the hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxide are burned as completely as possible in the after burner. This is accomplished by applying a corresponding excess of air to the after burner.
  • the additional air supplied to the after burner may be preheated if desired.
  • the catalyzer serves the function of burning the hydrocarbons from the after burner which were not burned in the after burner, whereby the proportion of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is supposed to be regulated.
  • the catalyzer serves the function of burning the hydrocarbons from the after burner which were not burned in the after burner, whereby the proportion of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is supposed to be regulated.
  • a conventional engine 1 is provided with an exhaust manifold 2 connected to an after burner 3 which as such is of conventional construction.
  • the outlet of the after burner 3 is connected to a catalyzer 4.
  • the outlet of the catalyzer 4 is connected to an exhaust gas conduit 5 and thence to a conventional muffler 6 if desired.
  • the regulation or control of the oxygen supply in the system is essential.
  • the proportion of oxygen which is desirable for thevoxidation in the afterbumer device can be obtained in the simplest fashion by controlling the air supply. This may be done in a practical manner by supplying just enough air to the after burner device 3 to oxidize the necessary proportion of the carbon monoxide and to burn the proportion of the hydrocarbons present so that a complete combustion of the carbon monoxides in the after burner is avoided.
  • the air supply may for example be accomplished by blowing fresh air into the exhaust pipes upstream of the after burner device for example by means of a suitably controlled blower 9 connected by pipe 7 to the upstream side of after burner 3.
  • the necessary additional air may be provided by a suitable selection of the fuel air mixture by correspondingly tuning or adjusting the carburator 8.
  • the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas are completely oxidized in the after burner device 3, except for an insignificant remainder, so that carbon dioxide and water are formed.
  • the desired oxidation may be achieved by a suitable control of the temperature in the after burner 3, as well as by a suitable conduction of the exhaust gas inside the after burner. Only the carbon monoxide and the nitrogen oxide are involved in the following reduction process in the catalyzer. In this regard it must be assured that the oxygen proportion in the catalyzer does not exceed the limits which, if exceeded, would result in the formation of harmful nitrogen oxide which would remain in the exhaust gas reaching the atmosphere.
  • Suitable catalyzing materials or catalysts for use in the method according to the invention are readily available and are well known to those skilled in the art. It is preferable to employ granular metal oxides for the catalysts, the grains of which have large surface areas.
  • the optimum detoxification is accomplished in accordance with the invention by passing the entire quantity of exhaust gas through the after burner 3 as well as through the catalyzer 4.
  • the after burner device and the catalyzer may be combined in a unitary structure.
  • some components of the after burner device may be coated with the catalyst material, such as those components which are subject to especially heavy wear and therefore are subject to occasional replacement.
  • the exhaust gas emanating from the motor comprises generally about 4 per cent by volume of carbon monoxide, 0.06 per cent by volume of hydrocarbons and 0.12 per cent by volume of nitrogen oxide
  • the hydrocarbons are removed substantially completely by oxidation in the after burner device (actually a remainder of about 30 X per cent by volume remains) and the carbon monoxide is removed to the extent that per cent by volume remains.
  • the following basic reactions occur in the after burner:
  • the invention is based upon recognition of the fact that, for a detoxification which is as efficient as possible, it is essential that a certain proportion of the carbon monoxide remains in the exhaust gas, so that the necessary amount of carbon monoxide is available for reduction of the nitrogen oxides in the catalyzer located downstream of the after burner.
  • the carbon monoxide is oxidized in the after burner to such an extent that the reaction in the catalyzer occurs as a reduction in the presence of not more than about 0.5 to 0.8 per cent by volume of oxygen.
  • the present invention achieves a more complete removal of the toxic agents from the exhaust gas as italso removes the nitrogen oxides. This result is possible since the combustion in the engine occurs at normal combustion temperatures.
  • the proportions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas which are produced by the engine may now be oxidized as completely as necessary in an after burner device 3 of conventional construction.
  • the substantially complete removal of the nitrogen oxides is accomplished according to the invention, by regulating the proportion between the amount of carbon monoxide which remains in the exhaust gas after the passage of the after burning device and the amount of nitrogen oxides remaining after the combustion in the engine. The proportion is controlled substantially in accordance with stoichiomctric proportional quantities, having due regard to the reaction in the catalyzer.
  • the after burner device just as much-carbon monoxide should remain in the after burner device as is stoichiometrically suffcient for a complete reduction of the nitrogen-oxygen compounds in the catalyzer.
  • the hydrocarbons are preferably completely oxidized in the after burner device.
  • small residual amounts of hydrocarbons and/or a small excess of carbon monoxide may be present in the catalyzer where they are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water.
  • the catalyzer or catalyst may be selected so that the reduction of the nitrogen oxides as well as the oxidation of the hydrocarbon compounds to carbon dioxide and water in the catalyzer are facilitated.
  • Such catalysts are well'known.
  • the method according to the invention does not impair the efficiency of combustion in the engine. However, a certain power output reduction will result due to the use of a catalyzer. As compared with previously employed methods, the method of the invention attains a higher degree of detoxification with regard to the three harmful exhaust gas components discussed above.
  • the above mentioned granular metal oxide catalysts could, for example be oxides of metals such as chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, and platinum. Naturally, the latter two examples will be used exceptionally in view of price considerations. Moreover, the granular oxides of any one of these metals may be mixed with any other for the present purposes, and the listed examples do not exclude the use of other suitable catalysts.
  • the volume proportion of the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas is reduced in the after burner device only to such an extent that it corresponds to about ten times or slightly more than ten times the volume proportion of the nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, thereafter the exhaust components in these proportions are reacted in a catalyzer to form carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • step of oxidizing comprises supplying air to said after burner in an amount sufficient to substantially completely oxidize said hydrocarbons in said after burner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US00179678A 1970-09-12 1971-09-13 Method for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3803839A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702045233 DE2045233C (de) 1970-09-12 Verfahren zum Entgiften der Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen fur Kraftfahrzeuge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3803839A true US3803839A (en) 1974-04-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00179678A Expired - Lifetime US3803839A (en) 1970-09-12 1971-09-13 Method for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3803839A (en)van)
JP (1) JPS5527207B1 (en)van)
BE (1) BE772344A (en)van)
CA (1) CA955036A (en)van)
FR (1) FR2107445A5 (en)van)
GB (1) GB1355848A (en)van)
SE (1) SE375129B (en)van)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874171A (en) * 1972-01-20 1975-04-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Exhaust gas composition control with after-burner for use with internal combustion engines
JPS50145914U (en)van) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-03
US3950944A (en) * 1973-11-14 1976-04-20 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas cleaning system for the internal combustion engine
WO1980000168A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-02-07 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Device for purifying exhaust gas of diesel engine
US6302683B1 (en) * 1996-07-08 2001-10-16 Ab Volvo Catalytic combustion chamber and method for igniting and controlling the catalytic combustion chamber
US6497851B1 (en) * 1994-12-06 2002-12-24 Englehard Corporation Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4458053A (en) * 1983-10-31 1984-07-03 Allied Corporation Nylon comfort fiber containing poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)
DE3933924A1 (de) * 1989-10-11 1991-04-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zur abgasnachbehandlung an einer brennkraftmaschine
JPH03223793A (ja) * 1989-12-23 1991-10-02 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd 電子楽器の操作パネル及び電子楽器
JPH03223794A (ja) * 1989-12-23 1991-10-02 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd 電子楽器の操作パネル及び電子楽器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3524721A (en) * 1967-12-22 1970-08-18 Ethyl Corp Catalyst composition
US3565574A (en) * 1968-04-23 1971-02-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Catalytic conversion of exhaust gas impurities
US3581490A (en) * 1968-04-25 1971-06-01 Charles W Morris Internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus and method
US3599427A (en) * 1969-09-22 1971-08-17 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas purification
US3730157A (en) * 1970-05-25 1973-05-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Carburetor control system and method for regulating air to fuel ratio
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5545375B2 (en)van) * 1973-07-17 1980-11-18

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3524721A (en) * 1967-12-22 1970-08-18 Ethyl Corp Catalyst composition
US3565574A (en) * 1968-04-23 1971-02-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Catalytic conversion of exhaust gas impurities
US3581490A (en) * 1968-04-25 1971-06-01 Charles W Morris Internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment apparatus and method
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine
US3599427A (en) * 1969-09-22 1971-08-17 Ford Motor Co Exhaust gas purification
US3730157A (en) * 1970-05-25 1973-05-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Carburetor control system and method for regulating air to fuel ratio

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874171A (en) * 1972-01-20 1975-04-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Exhaust gas composition control with after-burner for use with internal combustion engines
US3950944A (en) * 1973-11-14 1976-04-20 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas cleaning system for the internal combustion engine
JPS50145914U (en)van) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-03
WO1980000168A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-02-07 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Device for purifying exhaust gas of diesel engine
US6497851B1 (en) * 1994-12-06 2002-12-24 Englehard Corporation Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use
US6302683B1 (en) * 1996-07-08 2001-10-16 Ab Volvo Catalytic combustion chamber and method for igniting and controlling the catalytic combustion chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2107445A5 (en)van) 1972-05-05
GB1355848A (en) 1974-06-05
CA955036A (en) 1974-09-24
DE2045233A1 (de) 1972-03-16
JPS5527207B1 (en)van) 1980-07-18
BE772344A (fr) 1972-01-17
SE375129B (en)van) 1975-04-07

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