US3802939A - Surface-hardened titanium or zirconium and their alloys and method of processing same - Google Patents

Surface-hardened titanium or zirconium and their alloys and method of processing same Download PDF

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US3802939A
US3802939A US00126630A US12663071A US3802939A US 3802939 A US3802939 A US 3802939A US 00126630 A US00126630 A US 00126630A US 12663071 A US12663071 A US 12663071A US 3802939 A US3802939 A US 3802939A
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alloy
zirconium
titanium
metastable beta
alloys
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S Ohtani
M Nishigaki
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/186—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of zirconium or alloys based thereon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/94—Pressure bonding, e.g. explosive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12868—Group IB metal-base component alternative to platinum group metal-base component [e.g., precious metal, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to surface-hardened titanium, zirconium or their alloys and to a method of preparing same. Moreparticularly, this invention relates to surface-hardened, pure'titanium, pure zirconium, titanium-base alloys, or zirconium-base alloys, and to a method of surface-hardening such metals.
  • one object'of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages of conventional methods and to provide a novel and improved Briefly, these and other objects are attained in one aspect of the present invention wherein surfacehardened pure titanium or zirconium is provided by a process which comprises coating a metastable beta alloy layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal onto said pure metal, and agingsaid coating to give a hardness of at least 400 Vickers hardness or above.
  • metastable beta alloys may be any of the Ti(Zr)-Mo type, Ti(Zr)-V type, Ti(Zr)-Fe type, Ti(Zr)-Cr type, Ti(Zr)-Mn type, Ti(Zr)-Nb type, Ti(Zr)-Ta, and multi-element type alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two-element type alloys.
  • surface-hardened titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys are provided by a process which comprises coating a metastable beta alloy' layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal onto said alloy and aging as above.
  • titanium-base alloys may be of a Ti-6Al-4V type, Ti-5Al-2Cr-lFe type, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn type, Ti-
  • Ti-8Mn type Ti-8Al-lMo-lV type, Ti6Al- 6V-2 Sn type,-Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V type, Ti-2Cu type, Ti- 2Al-2Mn type, Ti-2.25Al-llSn-5Zr-l-Mo-O.1Si type, Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr type, and the like.
  • The'aforesaid zirconium-base alloys may be Zircaloy' 2', Zircaloy-4, and the like.
  • a method of hardening the surface of pure titanium, pure zirconium, or titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys which comprises the steps of coating a metastable beta alloy of a titanium-base or zirconiumbase metal thereon and aging said coated alloy at temperatures of 200-600C.
  • a surface-hardened layer may be very effectively formed on the surface of the metal to be treated according to this invention, in various thickness suitable for the intended purpose.
  • the metastable beta alloy of the titanium-base or zirconium-base metal is aged at low temperatures of 200600C.
  • the beta phase is decomposed to precipitate the alpha phase or its intermediate phase, i.e., omega phase, and the alloy is extremely hardened.
  • This fact is utilized in this invention in such a manner that the metastable beta phase alloy of this type is coated in advance on the surface of the metal to be treated, and then the coated surface is aged at a low temperature region so as to harden only the surface layer, providing a titanium or zirconium product.
  • the coating of the metastable .beta phase alloy may be provided on the surface of the metal to be treated, for example, by diffusion welding or explosive pressure welding.
  • the most effective and simplest method, however, will often be deposit welding.
  • the metastable beta phase alloy to be deposited on the metal surface to be treated is common to the metal to be treated in the base metal, the welded portion will have no possibility of becoming fragile by metallurgical reaction.
  • the coated surface is aged in the temperature range of 200-600C. for a suitable period of time in the range of 5 minutes to 20 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphical representations of the hardness distribution obtained from a titanium-base alloy treated in accordance with the'present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the hardness distribution obtained by the method of this invention.
  • Pure titanium plate was prepared as the base metal to be treated.
  • Ti- 1 5Mo-5Zr type alloy was deposited by TIG welding on the surface of the pure titanium plate, which was then held in aging treatment for six hours at 450C.
  • a surfacehardened layer having sufficiently high hardness could be obtained.
  • FIG. 2 which also shows the hardness distribution obtained by the method of this invention
  • a titanium-base alloy plate of the Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe type was prepared as the'base metal to be treated.
  • This alloy was also deposited in a manner similar to the method described above with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the deposited alloy was then subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 800C. for 2 hours, cooled by water, age treated at a temperature of 450C. for 6 hours, and finally cooled by air.
  • a surface-hardened layer having sufficiently high hardness could also be obtained.
  • the surface-hardened pure titanium, pure zirconium, or titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys of this invention have a coating of a metastable beta alloy layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal which has been aged to a sufficienthardness.
  • the thickness of the surface-hardened layer may be selected in accordance with the intended use.
  • this layer before the aging treatment is relatively soft, as seen from the graphs shown in the drawings, it is possible to easily work the metai, such as by cutting it or the like, even after the metal is coated, and thereafter age the coating to form the hardened surface.
  • the method of this invention is particularly adapted for producing agitator blades, valves, bushings, etc.
  • the method of this invention forms an aged coating of a metastable beta phase alloy of the same type of metal as that to be treated, the thickness of the surface-hardened layer may be suitably selected to suit the desired product. It is also possible to work the metal to any shape, due to the aforementioned effects.
  • a method of hardening the surface of a titanium or titanium base alloy which comprises depositing a layer of a Ti metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said titanium or titanium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy layer at temperatures of 200 600C.
  • titanium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-8Mn, Ti-8Al-Mo-IV, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti- 4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-ZCu, Ti-2Al-2Mn, Ti-2.25Al-l lSn- 5Zr-lMo-0.1Si, and Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Cr, Ti-Mn, Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
  • a method of hardening the surface of a zirconium or zirconium base alloy which comprises:
  • a Zr metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said zirconium or zirconium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy at temperatures of 200 600C. for a period of 5 minutes to 20 hours to a Vickers hardness of at least 400, wherein said zirconium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Zr- Mo, Zr-V, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr, Zr-Mn, Zr-Nb and Zr-Ta, and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Surface-hardened pure titanium or pure zirconium, titanium-base alloys, or zirconium-base alloys having an aged coating of a metastable beta alloy layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal applied thereon. A method of hardening the surface of pure titanium, pure zirconium, titanium-base alloys, or zirconium-base alloys, which includes coating a metastable beta alloy of a titanium-base or zirconium-base metal thereon, and aging said coated alloy at temperatures of 200*-600*C.

Description

United States Patent 1 1 Ohtani et al.
[ SURFACE-HARDENED TITANIUM OR ZIRCONIUM AND THEIR ALLOYS AND METHOD OF PROCESSING SAME [75] Inventors: Shitoshi-Ohtani, Suita; Minoru Nishigaki, Akashi, both of Japan [73] Assignee: Kobe Steel, Ltd., Fukiai-ku, Kobe,
Japan 221 Filed: Mar. 22, 1971- [21 Appl. No.: 126,630
[52] U.S. Cl 148/133, 29/198, 148/32.5, 148/34, 148/127 [51] Int. Cl. C22f l/l8, B32b 15/00 [58] Field of Search 148/31.5, 32.5, 34, 133,
[56] References Cited V UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,645,803 2/1972 Huber et al 148/127 X 3,560,274 2/1971 Ogden....., 29/198 2,940,163 6/1960 Davies 29/198 X 3,493,353 2/1970 Bergmann et al 29/l98 X .1 3,802,939 I Apr. 9, 1974 2,932,887 4/1960 McCuaiget a1. 29/198 X OTHER, PUBLICATIONS Metallurgio, December 1957, pages 277-282 Metal Selector,- 1963 Edition Reprinted from Oct. 14, 1963 Steel, page S40 Primary E.\'aminerCharles N. Lovell Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Oblon, Fisher, Spivak, Mc- Clelland & Maier 57 ABSTRACT Surface-hardened pure titanium or pure zirconium,
titanium-base alloys, or zirconium-base alloys having thereon, and aging said coated alloyat temperatures of-200-600C. Y 12 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures HARDNESS (Hv) ATENTEBAPR 9 974 AFTER E 8 Lu 5 5 I L 6 i 2 J BASE METAL DEPOSIT w o 600- E a AFTER AGING 50c 40W AFTER SOLUTION TREATMENT 2 IOO- INVENTORS SHITOSHI OHTANI MINORU NISHIGAKI I ("Q") 6 fl 2 J @rg g .;'$,/o%
BASE METAL DEPOSIT SURFACE ATTORNEYS 1 SURFACE-HARDENED TITANIUM OR ZIRCONIUM AND THEIR ALLOYS AND METHOD OF PROCESSING SAME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field Of Invention This invention relates to surface-hardened titanium, zirconium or their alloys and to a method of preparing same. Moreparticularly, this invention relates to surface-hardened, pure'titanium, pure zirconium, titanium-base alloys, or zirconium-base alloys, and to a method of surface-hardening such metals.
2. Description Of The Prior Art Generally, titanium and zirconium have superior corrosion resistance in comparison with the other metals,
and accordingly they are broadly used in the chemical 800C. to form a solid solution of nitrides and a diffusion layer. Usually, the titanium or zirconium is contact-treated with a nitriding gas at temperatures of from 8009 OOC. so as to harden their surfaces. Although this method has been commercially applied, since the surface-hardened layer obtained is extremely thin, its 4 endurance period is very short, in spite of the very complicated treating operation. Other priorart methods also have similar disadvantages, and hence are similarly ineffective for many commercial applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, one object'of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages of conventional methods and to provide a novel and improved Briefly, these and other objects are attained in one aspect of the present invention wherein surfacehardened pure titanium or zirconium is provided by a process which comprises coating a metastable beta alloy layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal onto said pure metal, and agingsaid coating to give a hardness of at least 400 Vickers hardness or above. The
' aforementioned metastable beta alloys may be any of the Ti(Zr)-Mo type, Ti(Zr)-V type, Ti(Zr)-Fe type, Ti(Zr)-Cr type, Ti(Zr)-Mn type, Ti(Zr)-Nb type, Ti(Zr)-Ta, and multi-element type alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two-element type alloys.
According to another aspect of the present invention,
surface-hardened titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys are provided by a process which comprises coating a metastable beta alloy' layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal onto said alloy and aging as above. The
aforesaid titanium-base alloys may be of a Ti-6Al-4V type, Ti-5Al-2Cr-lFe type, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn type, Ti-
0.2Pd type, Ti-8Mn type, Ti-8Al-lMo-lV type, Ti6Al- 6V-2 Sn type,-Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V type, Ti-2Cu type, Ti- 2Al-2Mn type, Ti-2.25Al-llSn-5Zr-l-Mo-O.1Si type, Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr type, and the like.
The'aforesaid zirconium-base alloys may be Zircaloy' 2', Zircaloy-4, and the like.
According to afurth er aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of hardening the surface of pure titanium, pure zirconium, or titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys, which comprises the steps of coating a metastable beta alloy of a titanium-base or zirconiumbase metal thereon and aging said coated alloy at temperatures of 200-600C. Thus, a surface-hardened layer may be very effectively formed on the surface of the metal to be treated according to this invention, in various thickness suitable for the intended purpose.
In the method of this invention, if the metastable beta alloy of the titanium-base or zirconium-base metalis aged at low temperatures of 200600C., the beta phase is decomposed to precipitate the alpha phase or its intermediate phase, i.e., omega phase, and the alloy is extremely hardened. This fact is utilized in this invention in such a manner that the metastable beta phase alloy of this type is coated in advance on the surface of the metal to be treated, and then the coated surface is aged at a low temperature region so as to harden only the surface layer, providing a titanium or zirconium product.
The coating of the metastable .beta phase alloy may be provided on the surface of the metal to be treated, for example, by diffusion welding or explosive pressure welding. The most effective and simplest method, however, will often be deposit welding. In this case, since the metastable beta phase alloy to be deposited on the metal surface to be treated is common to the metal to be treated in the base metal, the welded portion will have no possibility of becoming fragile by metallurgical reaction.
In the method of this invention, the coated surface is aged in the temperature range of 200-600C. for a suitable period of time in the range of 5 minutes to 20 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete appreciation of the invention will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphical representations of the hardness distribution obtained from a titanium-base alloy treated in accordance with the'present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which shows the hardness distribution obtained by the method of this invention. Pure titanium plate was prepared as the base metal to be treated. Ti- 1 5Mo-5Zr type alloy was deposited by TIG welding on the surface of the pure titanium plate, which was then held in aging treatment for six hours at 450C. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, a surfacehardened layer having sufficiently high hardness could be obtained.
Referring now to FIG. 2, which also shows the hardness distribution obtained by the method of this invention, a titanium-base alloy plate of the Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe type was prepared as the'base metal to be treated. This alloy was also deposited in a manner similar to the method described above with reference to FIG. 1. The deposited alloy was then subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 800C. for 2 hours, cooled by water, age treated at a temperature of 450C. for 6 hours, and finally cooled by air. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, a surface-hardened layer having sufficiently high hardness could also be obtained.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the surface-hardened pure titanium, pure zirconium, or titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys of this invention have a coating of a metastable beta alloy layer of a titanium or zirconium-base metal which has been aged to a sufficienthardness. The thickness of the surface-hardened layer may be selected in accordance with the intended use. Furthermore, since this layer before the aging treatment is relatively soft, as seen from the graphs shown in the drawings, it is possible to easily work the metai, such as by cutting it or the like, even after the metal is coated, and thereafter age the coating to form the hardened surface. Thus, the method of this invention is particularly adapted for producing agitator blades, valves, bushings, etc.
It should also be understood that since the method of this invention forms an aged coating of a metastable beta phase alloy of the same type of metal as that to be treated, the thickness of the surface-hardened layer may be suitably selected to suit the desired product. It is also possible to work the metal to any shape, due to the aforementioned effects.
It will be appreciated that, while the foregoing disclosure relates only to preferred embodiments of the invention for preparing surface-hardened pure titanium or zirconium, or titanium-base or zirconium-base alloys, numerous modifications or alterations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention as set forth in the appended .claims.
What is claimed as new and intended to be secured by letters patent of the United States is:
l. A titanium or titanium base alloy having a deposited Ti metastable beta alloy layer thereon, said deposited layer being in an age hardened condition and having a hardness of at least 400 Vickers wherein said titanium base alloy is selected from the group consistingof T i-6Al-4V, Ti-SAl-ZCr-lFe, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-BMn, Ti-8Al-Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-4AI'73MO- 1V, Ti-2Cu, Ti-2Al-2Mn, Ti-2.25Al-l1Sn-5Zr-lMohaving a hardness ofatleast 400 Vickers, wherein said zirconium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of zircaloy-Z and zircaloy-4 and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Zr-Mo, Zr-V, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr, Zr-Mn, Zr-Nb and Zr- Ta, and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
3. The titanium or titanium base alloy of claim 1, wherein said age hardening was conducted at a temperature of from 200 600C.
4. The zirconium or zirconium base alloy of claim 2, wherein said age hardening was conducted at a temperature of from 200 600C.
5. A method of hardening the surface of a titanium or titanium base alloy which comprises depositing a layer of a Ti metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said titanium or titanium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy layer at temperatures of 200 600C. for a period of 5 minutes to 20 hours to a Vickers hardness of at least 400, wherein said titanium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-8Mn, Ti-8Al-Mo-IV, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti- 4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-ZCu, Ti-2Al-2Mn, Ti-2.25Al-l lSn- 5Zr-lMo-0.1Si, and Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Cr, Ti-Mn, Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
6. A method of hardening the surface of a zirconium or zirconium base alloy which comprises:
depositing'a layer of a Zr metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said zirconium or zirconium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy at temperatures of 200 600C. for a period of 5 minutes to 20 hours to a Vickers hardness of at least 400, wherein said zirconium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Zr- Mo, Zr-V, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr, Zr-Mn, Zr-Nb and Zr-Ta, and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is formed by diffusion welding.
'8. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is formed by explosive pressure welding.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is fonned by deposit welding.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is coated by diffusion welding.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is forming by explosive pressure welding.
12. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is forming by deposit welding.

Claims (11)

  1. 2. A zirconium or zirconium base alloy having a deposited Zr metastable beta alloy layer thereon, said deposited layer being in an age hardened condiTion and having a hardness of at least 400 Vickers, wherein said zirconium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Zr-Mo, Zr-V, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr, Zr-Mn, Zr-Nb and Zr-Ta, and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
  2. 3. The titanium or titanium base alloy of claim 1, wherein said age hardening was conducted at a temperature of from 200* -600*C.
  3. 4. The zirconium or zirconium base alloy of claim 2, wherein said age hardening was conducted at a temperature of from 200* -600*C.
  4. 5. A method of hardening the surface of a titanium or titanium base alloy which comprises depositing a layer of a Ti metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said titanium or titanium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy layer at temperatures of 200* - 600*C. for a period of 5 minutes to 20 hours to a Vickers hardness of at least 400, wherein said titanium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-8Mn, Ti-8Al-Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-2Cu, Ti-2Al-2Mn, Ti-2.25Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.1Si, and Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Cr, Ti-Mn, Ti-Nb, Ti-Ta and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
  5. 6. A method of hardening the surface of a zirconium or zirconium base alloy which comprises: depositing a layer of a Zr metastable beta alloy onto the surface of said zirconium or zirconium base alloy, solution heat treating, quenching, and aging said alloy at temperatures of 200* - 600*C. for a period of 5 minutes to 20 hours to a Vickers hardness of at least 400, wherein said zirconium base alloy is selected from the group consisting of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 and wherein said metastable beta alloy is selected from the group consisting of Zr-Mo, Zr-V, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr, Zr-Mn, Zr-Nb and Zr-Ta, and alloys containing three or more elements of the aforesaid two element alloys.
  6. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is formed by diffusion welding.
  7. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is formed by explosive pressure welding.
  8. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein said metastable beta alloy is formed by deposit welding.
  9. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is coated by diffusion welding.
  10. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is forming by explosive pressure welding.
  11. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein said metastable beta alloy is forming by deposit welding.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167427A (en) * 1977-05-25 1979-09-11 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat treatment of titanium alloys
US4263375A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-04-21 The Boeing Company Superplastically formed titanium structure
US4751044A (en) * 1985-08-15 1988-06-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Composite nuclear fuel cladding tubing and other core internal structures with improved corrosion resistance
US4871274A (en) * 1986-12-26 1989-10-03 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Typewriter
US5247550A (en) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-21 Siemens Power Corporation Corrosion resistant zirconium liner for nuclear fuel rod cladding
US6306196B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2001-10-23 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Sintered Ti-system material product derived from injection molding of powder material and producing method thereof
US20040231159A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-11-25 Yoshitsugu Shibuya Soft metal and method for preparation thereof, and exterior part of watch and method for preparation thereof
US20090129961A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Viper Technologies Llc, D.B.A. Thortex, Inc. Metal injection molding methods and feedstocks
US8124187B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2012-02-28 Viper Technologies Methods of forming porous coatings on substrates
CN109518106A (en) * 2018-11-05 2019-03-26 北京科技大学 A kind of processing method connecting impurity element in removal vanadium alloy by titanium vanadium

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167427A (en) * 1977-05-25 1979-09-11 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat treatment of titanium alloys
US4263375A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-04-21 The Boeing Company Superplastically formed titanium structure
US4751044A (en) * 1985-08-15 1988-06-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Composite nuclear fuel cladding tubing and other core internal structures with improved corrosion resistance
US4871274A (en) * 1986-12-26 1989-10-03 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Typewriter
US5247550A (en) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-21 Siemens Power Corporation Corrosion resistant zirconium liner for nuclear fuel rod cladding
US6306196B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2001-10-23 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Sintered Ti-system material product derived from injection molding of powder material and producing method thereof
US20040231159A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-11-25 Yoshitsugu Shibuya Soft metal and method for preparation thereof, and exterior part of watch and method for preparation thereof
US7396595B2 (en) * 2001-09-19 2008-07-08 Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd. Soft metal and method for preparation thereof, and exterior part of watch and method for preparation thereof
US20090129961A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Viper Technologies Llc, D.B.A. Thortex, Inc. Metal injection molding methods and feedstocks
US7883662B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2011-02-08 Viper Technologies Metal injection molding methods and feedstocks
US8124187B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2012-02-28 Viper Technologies Methods of forming porous coatings on substrates
CN109518106A (en) * 2018-11-05 2019-03-26 北京科技大学 A kind of processing method connecting impurity element in removal vanadium alloy by titanium vanadium

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