US3802934A - Precipitation strengthened alloys - Google Patents
Precipitation strengthened alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3802934A US3802934A US00323101A US32310173A US3802934A US 3802934 A US3802934 A US 3802934A US 00323101 A US00323101 A US 00323101A US 32310173 A US32310173 A US 32310173A US 3802934 A US3802934 A US 3802934A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- tantalum
- alloys
- tungsten
- cobalt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benfluralin Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
Definitions
- While good cobalt-base alloys exist for high temperature service for example, HAYNES alloy No. 25 and HAYNES alloy No. 188
- these alloys are characterized by solid solution strengthening as contrasted to strengthening by the formation of precipitates (for example, 7 precipitation in nickel-base alloys).
- precipitates for example, 7 precipitation in nickel-base alloys.
- Those cobalt-base alloys that have been strengthened by precipitation reactions have generally employed aluminum and/or titanium as reacting elements and these alloys are characterized by improved strength near 1,200F, but ineffective strengthening at 1,600F or above.
- cobalt-base alloys having improved strength at 1,600F and higher can be achieved by what appears to be a precipitation reaction caused by the presence of tantalum to tungsten in the ratio of about 1% to 2 /2 and preferably in the ratio of 2 to .1 by weight percent and the molybdenum is limited to impurity levels and the carbon is maintained below about 0.3 percent.
- Another object is to provide a high strength wrought cobalt-base alloy.
- Yet another object is to provide a high strength cobalt-base alloy which is oxidation resistant.
- a cobalt-base alloy in accordance with the present invention is broadly an alloy consisting essentially of about: 4
- the ratio of tantalum to tungsten in weight percent is between about l'r to 2% and the molybdenum is less than 1 percent.
- a preferred range of the alloy providing useful strengths is an alloy consisting essentially of about:
- Weight Tantalum 5-20 Tungsten 2-1 5 Chromium l5-30 9 2 /2 and the molybdenum content isless than one perwherein the ratio of the tantalum to tungsten in weight percent is between about l /to 2 /2 and the molybdenum is less than one percent.
- a more preferred range of the alloy is:
- alloying elements may be added without departing from the spirit of the invention arid without negating the criticality of the tantalum to tungsten ratio and the minimization of the molybdenum and carbon contents.
- Such elements would include, but would not necessarily be limitedto, Hf to about 5 w/o, Ti and/0r Zr to about 2 w/o, Cb (Nb) and Re to about 4 w/o, aluminum to about 1 'w/o, and magnesium and/or boron to about 0.04 w/o.
- alloys as described above develop unusual strengths for a' cobalt-base alloy through at least 1,700F, when the tantalum contentof the alloy is approximately twice that of the tungsten content and when the carbon is maintained at a relatively low level.
- critical Ta/W ratio is not adhered to, effective strengthening is not obtained.
- iron and nickel 10 would function as a partial participant in the strengthening mechanism.
- Alloy 24 was vacuum induction melted and then cast into test specimen mold prepared per the loss wax. process. i 7
- Alloy 9 is considered an example of the invention, while alloy 10 demonstrates the detrimental effects of molybdenum, alloy 7 demonstrates that tantalum without tungsten is not effective, alloy demonstrates that near equal amounts of tantalum and tungsten are not effective, and alloy 24 illustrates that excessive amounts of carbon are to be avoided.
- alloy 5 has improved intermediate temperature strength as compared to commercial alloy 188, which for comparison has tensile properties at 1,600F of about 38 ksi 0.2 percent offset yield strength, 61 ksi ultimate strength and 69 percent elongation.
- the tensiledata for. alloy 5 illustrate that when the critical Ta/W ratio of about 2 is not adhered to, the strengthening of the alloy is minimum. Alloy 5 has 7.81 w/o Ta and 9.31 w/o W.
- alloys-9 and l0 had higher yield strength at 1,600F than at room temperature. This is' thought to be the result of a precipitation-reaction occurring during the to 60 minute stabilization period at temperature prior to tensile testing. Further proof that a precipitation react-ion occurs in the alloy of the invention is that alloy9 aged 16 hours at l,500F
- alloys similarto the alloy of the invention but with carbon levels exceeding about 0.3 weight percent apparently are not strengthened in the same manner as the alloys of the invention.
- alloy 24 was aged 24 hours at 1,800F then tested at room temperature with no significant increase in strength being observed over a similar test bar hereinbelow show the stress rupture properties of the alloys. These data and the graph'of the FIGURE 'show clearly the stress-rupture'life properties.
- alloy 10 containing 4.04 w/o molybdenum has approximately one half the rupture life of alloy 9 containing only an impurity level of 0.42 w/o molybdenum.
- 1A precipitation hardened alloy consisting essen- Tantalum 5-20 Tungsten 2-l5 Chromium v up to 30 iron 0-10 Carbon 0-0.3 Nickel 0-30 Silicon 0-1 Yttrium 0-0.2 Lant h'anum 0-0.2 Manganese, 0-2 v Cobalt incidental impurities balance 1 l wherein the ratio of tantalum to'tungsten is between I about 1% to 2% and the molybdenum is less than one percent.
- An alloy as claimed in claim 1 consisting essenwherein the ratio of the tantalum content to the tungsten content is about 1 /2 to 2% and the-molybdenum content is less than 1 percent.
- An'alloy as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially in weight percent of about:
- An alloy as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially in weight percent .of about:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00323101A US3802934A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-01-12 | Precipitation strengthened alloys |
| DE2365045A DE2365045A1 (de) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-12-28 | Durch ausscheidung verfestigte legierung |
| IT67072/74A IT1009098B (it) | 1973-01-12 | 1974-01-11 | Lega di cobalto indurita per preci pitazione |
| CA190,015A CA1023175A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1974-01-11 | Precipitation strengthened alloys |
| FR7400962A FR2213987B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-01-12 | 1974-01-11 | |
| GB148374A GB1459318A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1974-01-11 | Precipitation strengthened alloys |
| JP49006508A JPS5046516A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-01-12 | 1974-01-11 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00323101A US3802934A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-01-12 | Precipitation strengthened alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3802934A true US3802934A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
Family
ID=23257735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00323101A Expired - Lifetime US3802934A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-01-12 | Precipitation strengthened alloys |
Country Status (7)
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4058415A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Directionally solidified cobalt-base eutectic alloys |
| US4459263A (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-07-10 | Jeneric Industries, Inc. | Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum |
| US4530664A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1985-07-23 | Jeneric Industries, Inc. | Cobalt-chromium alloys |
| US4764225A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1988-08-16 | Howmet Corporation | Alloys for high temperature applications |
| US5549767A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatment and repair of cobalt base superalloy articles |
| US5964091A (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1999-10-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor and gas turbine |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4080611A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1978-03-21 | Ernst Leitz Gmbh | Apparatus for storing a voltage analogous to an exposure parameter in photographic cameras |
| JPS5576038A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | High strength high toughness cobalt-base alloy |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2974036A (en) * | 1958-07-28 | 1961-03-07 | Sierra Metals Corp | High temperature cobalt-base alloy |
| US3366478A (en) * | 1965-07-21 | 1968-01-30 | Martin Marietta Corp | Cobalt-base sheet alloy |
| US3418111A (en) * | 1966-10-27 | 1968-12-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Cobalt base alloy |
| FR2183353A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1972-05-04 | 1973-12-14 | Creusot Loire |
-
1973
- 1973-01-12 US US00323101A patent/US3802934A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-12-28 DE DE2365045A patent/DE2365045A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1974
- 1974-01-11 FR FR7400962A patent/FR2213987B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-01-11 IT IT67072/74A patent/IT1009098B/it active
- 1974-01-11 GB GB148374A patent/GB1459318A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-11 JP JP49006508A patent/JPS5046516A/ja active Pending
- 1974-01-11 CA CA190,015A patent/CA1023175A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4058415A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Directionally solidified cobalt-base eutectic alloys |
| US4764225A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1988-08-16 | Howmet Corporation | Alloys for high temperature applications |
| US4530664A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1985-07-23 | Jeneric Industries, Inc. | Cobalt-chromium alloys |
| US4459263A (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-07-10 | Jeneric Industries, Inc. | Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum |
| US5549767A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatment and repair of cobalt base superalloy articles |
| US5741378A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1998-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of rejuvenating cobalt-base superalloy articles |
| US5922150A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1999-07-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of heat treating a cobalt-base alloy |
| US5964091A (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1999-10-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor and gas turbine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1459318A (en) | 1976-12-22 |
| CA1023175A (en) | 1977-12-27 |
| JPS5046516A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1975-04-25 |
| IT1009098B (it) | 1976-12-10 |
| DE2365045A1 (de) | 1974-07-18 |
| FR2213987A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1974-08-09 |
| FR2213987B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1977-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HAYNES INTERNATINAL, INC., 1020 WEST PARK AVENUE, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CABOT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004770/0271 Effective date: 19870731 Owner name: HAYNES INTERNATINAL, INC.,INDIANA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CABOT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004770/0271 Effective date: 19870731 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HAYNES ACQUISITION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005159/0270 Effective date: 19890831 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIA Free format text: RELEASE AND TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:HAYNES INTERNATIONAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006668/0772 Effective date: 19930706 |