US3802801A - Method of and apparatus for operating an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for operating an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3802801A
US3802801A US00222845A US22284572A US3802801A US 3802801 A US3802801 A US 3802801A US 00222845 A US00222845 A US 00222845A US 22284572 A US22284572 A US 22284572A US 3802801 A US3802801 A US 3802801A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
rotor
leakage
cells
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00222845A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Wunsch
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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BBC Brown Boveri France SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F13/00—Pressure exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/42—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge, e.g. with cell-type pressure exchangers

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a procedure for operating an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine, the rotor of which is provided with cells and moves in a casing comprising a middle portion and end portions, such that the end portions each incorporate at least one high-pressure inlet and one low-pressure outlet for a gas giving up energy, and one high-pressure outlet and one low-pressure inlet for a gas to be compressed, each end portion having at least one high-pressure opening and one low pressure opening, and leakage gas flows from the high-pressure openings to the low-pressure openings; it concerns further a device for effecting the procedure.
  • the present invention adopts a completely different approach. Its purpose is to exploit the unavoidable leakage in a usefulmanner.
  • this purpose is achieved in that the quantities of leakage gas are at least partially collected and fed to the gas dynamic process so that the energy still contained in them can be utilized.
  • a pressure-wave machine for effecting this procedure contains at least one leakage-gas recess which is located in one end portion of the casing, the recess being open in the direction of the cells of the rotor, and being fed from spaces filled with leakage gas.
  • the efficiency of the pressure-wave machine is raised by utilizing the energy in the leakage gas.
  • the characteristic of the machine then alters in a beneficial manleakage-gas recess is more pronounced and c0mpen-- sates at least a part of the losses.
  • FIG. 1 is a section through a pressure-wave machine
  • FIG. 2 is an end portion of the casing viewed at II-II in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 are schematic representations of parts of the development of a cylindrical section at half the cell height through the rotor and through the adjacent parts of the end portions of the casing in different forms;
  • FIGS. 4, 6 and 8 are the corresponding wave cycles shown in the pressure/velocity diagram.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic construction of an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine with-rotor 20 provided with longitudinal cells and mounted in an overhung bearing, such that therotor hub 21 incorporates cavity 22 and the rotor turns in a casing composed of end portions 23 and 24 and middle portion 25.
  • the energycontaining gas flows into end portion 23 at 26, expends part of its energy in rotor 20 and leaves end portion 23 at 27.
  • the gas to be compressed (usually air, and therefore so termed in the following) flows into end portion 24 at 28, is compressed in rotor 20 and leaves end portion 24 at 29, which is shown as a broken line because this outlet is usually turned at to the plane of the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 shows end portion 23.
  • the high-pressure inlets 2v and low-pressure outlets 1n for the energy-expanding gas On leaving the high-pressure inlets 2v the greater part of the energy-containing gas flows into the rotor, but smaller quantities of leakage gas pass into the gap between the rotor and end portion 23. These dissipate, as indicated by arrows, partly in a peripheral direction towards low-pressure outlets In,
  • the pressure in spaces 22 and 30 is lower than in high-pressure inlets 2v because the narrow gap between the rotor and the end portion throttles the flow of leaking gas. However, it is higher than in lowpressure outlets l n because the gap between rotor and end portion closes off the flow in this direction also.
  • pressurized spaces 22 and 30 with leakage-gas recesses LT in end portion 23 by extending these recesses radially beyond the highpressure and low-pressure openings as far as gap 30 and cavity 22.
  • the recesses LT are located between low-pressure and high-pressure openings when viewed in the direction of rotation of the rotor (indicated by a dashed arrow). They are charged by pressurized gas from reservoir spaces 22 and 30 and in turn feed the rotor cells. The effects of this measure can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows the development of a cylindrical section through the rotor of the pressure-wave machine and a distance/time diagram
  • FIG. 4 is the corresponding pressure/velocity diagram as is usually employed in the characteristics method of non-steady gas dynamics.
  • FIG. 4 shows conditions during the course of the gasdynamic process, characterized. by the pressure ratio (P/Po H 2. 1 2.2 ths 9wvs i rstsrreqto the acoustic velocity u/a
  • the states at the points of intersection of two characteristics are numbered consecutively.
  • the areas in which these states exist are denoted by the same numbers.
  • the rotor turns in the direction of arrow U between the two end portions 23 and 24.
  • the cells are supplied with air from low-pressure inlet lv.
  • An expansion wave between areas and 0 reduces the flow velocity to 'zerofAs soon as a cell comes adjacent to leakage-gas recess LT (which is linked with spaces 22 and 30 pressurized by the leakage gas flows and is also supplied by leakage gas flowing in the peripheral direction) a pressure wave occurs which pre-compresses the cell contents to state 1. Gas flows from leakage-gas recess LT. The pressure wave is reflected from the face of 'end portion 24 as a pressure wave and again reduces the velocity to zero, so that the cell contents arrive at state 2. Thus, in area 2 the cell contents are precompressed to a pressure which is higher than the intake pressure and also higher than the pressure in the leakage-gas recess.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Another possible cornfiguration of the pressure-wave process with utilization of leakage gas is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the pressure wave' between states 10 and 0 is' not an expansion wave, but a compression wave.
  • the inlet flow velocity of the air at the end of low-pressure inlet lv is reduced to state 0 by the confronting face of end portion 23, whereupon leakage-gas recess LT causes pre-compression by two pressure waves up to states 1 and 2.
  • This reduction of the air inlet velocity creates a higher pressure in leakagegas recess LT and its effect is increased accordingly.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 Another possible wayof utilizing the energy contained in the leakage-gas is to use it to improve scavenging of the cells in the low-pressure zone.
  • the corresponding pressure-wave process is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the leakage-gas recess LT which again is connected to pressurized spaces 22 and 30, is contained in an additional web 32 twoards the end of the lowpressure outlet in, where the flow velocity is already low. Web 32 in end portion 23 must be supplemented by a further web 33 in end portion 24.
  • the leakage-gas collecting-recesses can also be located equally effectively in end portion 24 or in both end portions. Furthermore, the inlet and outlet for one gas must not always be at the same end, i.e. in the same end portion. The leakage of the gases will then tend to mix, in which case it is of no significance at which end they are introduced into the gas process. It is only important that the leakage-gas should not flow unchecked into the cells and to impair the process, but should be fed to the cells with the aid of'the leakage-gas recesses at an accurately defined point, and in this way improve the process.
  • the leakage-gas recesses can be employed in almost all aerodynamic pressure-wave machines, and can be combined with special-purpose devices, e.g. a deflecting recess in accordance with German patent l 162 631.
  • An aerodynamic pressure-wave machine comprising a cylindrical rotor provided with a circumferential array of longitudinally extending open-ended cells and which is mounted for rotation about its axis within the middle portion of a cylindrical casing with a radial clearance gap therebetween, the end portions of said casing facing the opposite ends of said rotor including at least one high-pressure inlet opening and one lowpressure outlet opening for an energy-laden gas giving up energy in the cells and at least one high-pressure outlet opening and one low-pressure inlet opening for a gas such as air to be compressed within the cells, each end portion of said casing having at least one highpressure opening and at least one low-pressure opening which are spaced circumferentially apart, means providing a gas-leakage collection recess in at least one end portion of said casing opening in the direction of and in communication with the cell ends and which extends radially to the clearance gap betweensaid rotor and casing for collecting leakage-gas flowing in a circumferential direction between a high-pressure opening and a low-pressure opening

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US00222845A 1971-02-18 1972-02-02 Method of and apparatus for operating an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine Expired - Lifetime US3802801A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH237371A CH528012A (de) 1971-02-18 1971-02-18 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer aerodynamischen Druckwellenmaschine und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3802801A true US3802801A (en) 1974-04-09

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US00222845A Expired - Lifetime US3802801A (en) 1971-02-18 1972-02-02 Method of and apparatus for operating an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine

Country Status (11)

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US (1) US3802801A (fr)
AT (1) AT309153B (fr)
BE (1) BE779421A (fr)
CA (1) CA953692A (fr)
CH (1) CH528012A (fr)
DK (1) DK139042B (fr)
FR (1) FR2125945A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1389052A (fr)
IT (1) IT947601B (fr)
NL (1) NL165817C (fr)
SE (1) SE369434B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874166A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-04-01 Hubert Kirchhofer Method of and apparatus for reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines
US4369020A (en) * 1980-05-05 1983-01-18 Ford Motor Company Rotor seal for wave compression turbocharger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3628037A1 (de) * 1986-08-19 1988-02-25 Gerhard Haubenwallner Verbrennungskraftmaschine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904243A (en) * 1956-06-28 1959-09-15 Ronald D Pearson Pressure exchangers
US3341112A (en) * 1965-09-10 1967-09-12 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Pressure exchangers
US3348765A (en) * 1965-01-13 1967-10-24 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3556680A (en) * 1968-01-22 1971-01-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aerodynamic pressure-wave machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904243A (en) * 1956-06-28 1959-09-15 Ronald D Pearson Pressure exchangers
US3348765A (en) * 1965-01-13 1967-10-24 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3341112A (en) * 1965-09-10 1967-09-12 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Pressure exchangers
US3556680A (en) * 1968-01-22 1971-01-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aerodynamic pressure-wave machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874166A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-04-01 Hubert Kirchhofer Method of and apparatus for reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines
US4369020A (en) * 1980-05-05 1983-01-18 Ford Motor Company Rotor seal for wave compression turbocharger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE779421A (fr) 1972-06-16
AT309153B (de) 1973-08-10
DE2113704B2 (de) 1977-05-26
FR2125945A5 (fr) 1972-09-29
SE369434B (fr) 1974-08-26
NL7201990A (fr) 1972-08-22
GB1389052A (en) 1975-04-03
IT947601B (it) 1973-05-30
DK139042B (da) 1978-12-04
NL165817C (nl) 1981-05-15
CA953692A (en) 1974-08-27
NL165817B (nl) 1980-12-15
CH528012A (de) 1972-09-15
DK139042C (fr) 1979-05-14
DE2113704A1 (de) 1972-09-21

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