US3802685A - Q-bop vessel construction - Google Patents

Q-bop vessel construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3802685A
US3802685A US00284693A US28469372A US3802685A US 3802685 A US3802685 A US 3802685A US 00284693 A US00284693 A US 00284693A US 28469372 A US28469372 A US 28469372A US 3802685 A US3802685 A US 3802685A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tuyere
bath
vessel
oxygen
tuyeres
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00284693A
Inventor
A Brisse
D Griffiths
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United States Steel Corp
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Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steel Corp filed Critical Steel Corp
Priority to US00284693A priority Critical patent/US3802685A/en
Priority to YU02215/73A priority patent/YU221573A/en
Priority to BE134641A priority patent/BE803678A/en
Priority to BR6617/73A priority patent/BR7306617D0/en
Priority to FR7331142A priority patent/FR2197987B1/fr
Priority to AU59691/73A priority patent/AU480815B2/en
Priority to SU7301957456A priority patent/SU576054A3/en
Priority to ES418299A priority patent/ES418299A1/en
Priority to HUUE42A priority patent/HU166951B/hu
Priority to CA179,916A priority patent/CA980577A/en
Priority to DE2343546A priority patent/DE2343546C2/en
Priority to AT748973A priority patent/AT338309B/en
Priority to NL7311883A priority patent/NL7311883A/xx
Priority to ZA735930A priority patent/ZA735930B/en
Priority to RO7375933A priority patent/RO65611A/en
Priority to IN1980/CAL/73A priority patent/IN140050B/en
Priority to GB4072673A priority patent/GB1452962A/en
Priority to JP9629173A priority patent/JPS5729529B2/ja
Priority to IT28321/73A priority patent/IT993808B/en
Priority to CS736024A priority patent/CS215080B2/en
Priority to AR249815A priority patent/AR198870A1/en
Priority to US421883A priority patent/US3907549A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3802685A publication Critical patent/US3802685A/en
Assigned to USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • a vessel has a removable bottom or plug which contains one or more tuyeres through which oxygen and other gases or particulate matter such as lime or other flux is blown into the vessel.
  • Each tuyere comprises an oxygen inlet tube surrounded by a larger concentric inlet tube for the simultaneous injection of a jacket gas; which does not re act, or reacts only slowly with the molten metal in the bath and the material from which the nozzle is 'con structed.
  • This jacket gas acts as a coolant reducing the rate of reaction between the molten metal and the oxygen adjacent to tuyere, preventing rapid erosion of the tuyere, reducing the rate of erosion of the lining in the vessel bottom.
  • the furnace lining and the tuyere wear at the same rate.
  • South African Pat. No. 691,280 teaches that thetotal cross-sectional area of oxygen delivering tuyere pipes in square centimeters should be approximately equal to the weight of pig iron charged into the converter'in metric tons.
  • the same reference teaches that the greatest allowable tuyere diameter for vertically mounted tuyeres should not exceed 1/35 of the depth of the bath, assuming an oxygen pressure of about 5 to atmospheres'.
  • the single figure is a vertical, cross-sectional view of a Q-BOP steelmaking vessel.
  • a bottom blow oxygen steelmaking vessel l0' has a removable bottom 12, comprising a bottom plate 14, and one or more generally upstanding tuyeres 16, which are surrounded by refractory material1'8.
  • the bottom plate 14 is fastened to the furnace by bolts 20.
  • the sides of the refractory portion of the removable bottom do not contact the refractory lining 22 of the vessel, but sufficient clearance is provided around the bottom for inserting a refractory gunning mixture 24to provide a metal ancl slag tight seal.
  • Tuyere 16 is a'dual concentric tuyere composed of an inner tube 30 and an outer tube 34.
  • Tube 30 is spaced from tube 34 by spacers 36, which may be weldbeads, spiral wound wire, or any other suitable means for maintaining concentricity.
  • the inner or central tube 30 delivers oxygen and lime to the molten metal bath.
  • the annular space 38 between the central tube 30 and the outer tube 34 delivers a jacketing gas which is, in this case, natural gas.
  • the tuyere need not be a standard circular tuyere, but may have any of a number of cross-sectional shapes such as square, rhombic, rectangular, ellipse, ova], pointed ellipse, or any other desired shape; Todefine a common parameter of such shapes, we must turn to the terminology of fluid mechanics, wherein the hydraulic radius of a non-circularduct is the fluid-filled area divided .by the insideperimeter of the duct.
  • hydraulic diameter equals four times the hydraulic radius.
  • a tuyere of any cross section having a hydraulic diameter up to aboutl/l3 the bath depth is operable in our invention.
  • Circular oxygen tuyere pipes 2.86 centimeters indiameter have been employed in a Q-BOP vessel in which the bath depth was approximately 128 inches (71.1 centimeters). The hydraulicdiameter was 1/25 the bath depth.
  • the cross sectional area of the oxygen delivering tuyeres was 2.11 times the bath size inmetric tons.
  • Circular oxygen tuyere pipes having an internal diameter of 2.323 inches (5.9 centimeters) were employed'in a Q-BOP vessel in which the bath depth was 32 inches (81.3 centimeters). The hydraulic diameter was I/ 14 the bath depth.
  • Twotuye'res having a total cross-sectional area of the oxygen pipe of 52.8 square centimeters were used to blow oxygen into abath of 23 metric tons.
  • the cross-sectional area of the oxygendelivering tuyeres was 2.3 times the bath size in metric tons.
  • Oxygen flow was 11,400 scfm (2352 Nm /hr.) at 15 psig.
  • Our invention comprehends the broad range of hydraulic diameters fromabout 1' inchto 2.85 inches or 2.5 centimeters to 7.5centimeters. However, we prefer ahydraulicv diameter in the'range of about 1.6 to2.5 inches or 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters.
  • Low oxygen pressures require large tuyeres to obtain sufficient oxygen throughput to operate the refining process. Of course the pressure must be sufficient to overcome the ferrostatic head of molten metal in the vessel.
  • the oxygen pressure must be maintained at a. minimum of 1 atmosphere and can be as high as 15 atmospheres.
  • the oxygen throughput mustbe at least normal cubic meters per hour per square centimeter of oxygen tuyere cross section.
  • the tuyere pipes may be installed atan angle with respect to the axis of the 0-801 converter vessel to improve mixing or impart rotation to the bath thus, minimizing sloshing and "bath instability.
  • tu'- yeres of even larger cross-sectionalarea may be used.
  • the tuyere diameter may be increased about percent for nozzles inclined to the vessels vertical axis.
  • the tuyere pipes may also be installed in the sidewall of the converter beneath the surface of the molten metal bath.
  • a vessel for refining a molten metal bath contained therein said vessel having an opening in its upper portion and at least one tuyere extending vertically through the bottom wall of said vessel for introducing refining gas to said bath, each tuyere having a hydraulic diameter from l/25th to 1/ 13th of the bath depth and having a total cross-sectional area of all such refining gas tuyeres in cm from one to three times the bath size in metric tons.
  • each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 2.5 centimeters to 7.5 centimeters.
  • each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters.
  • each refining gas tuyere is surrounded by a larger concentric outer tube which forms with said tuyere an annular passage for simultaneous injection of a jacket gas into the molten metal bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

A Q-BOP steelmaking vessel construction in which tuyeres extending through the bottom wall of the vessel for delivering oxygen to the bath have a diameter not more than 1/13 of the depth of the bath in the converter and the total cross-sectional area of all oxygen tuyeres in the converter in square centimeters is from one to three times the heat size expressed in metric tons.

Description

United States Patent [191 Brisse et al. I
[451 Apr. 9, 1974 g Q-BOP VESSEL CONSTRUCTION [75] Inventors: Andre H. Brisse, Pittsburgh; David K. Griffiths, Penn Hills Twp,, both of Pa.
[73] Assignee: United States Steel Corporation,
Pittsburgh, Pa
[22] Filed: Aug. 29, 1972 [21] App]. No: 284,693
[52] US. Cl. 266/41, 75/60 [51] Int. Cl. C2lc 5/48 [58] Field of Search 266/35, 36 P, 41; 75/59, 75/60 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,706,549 12/1972 Knuppel et al. 75/60 Primary Examiner-Gerald A. Dost Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Ralph H. Dougherty 57 ABSTRACT A Q-BOP steelmaking vessel construction in which tuyeres extending through the bottom wall of the vessel for delivering oxygen to the bath. have a diameter not more than 1/13 of the depth of the bath in the converter and the total cross-sectional area of all oxygen tuyeres in the converter in square centimeters is from one tothree times the heat size expressed in metric tons.
4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 1 Q-BOP VESSEL CONSTRUCTION In the bottom blown oxygen steelmaking process, which is known as the Q-BOP process, a vessel has a removable bottom or plug which contains one or more tuyeres through which oxygen and other gases or particulate matter such as lime or other flux is blown into the vessel. Each tuyere comprises an oxygen inlet tube surrounded by a larger concentric inlet tube for the simultaneous injection of a jacket gas; which does not re act, or reacts only slowly with the molten metal in the bath and the material from which the nozzle is 'con structed. This jacket gas acts as a coolant reducing the rate of reaction between the molten metal and the oxygen adjacent to tuyere, preventing rapid erosion of the tuyere, reducing the rate of erosion of the lining in the vessel bottom. Thus, the furnace lining and the tuyere wear at the same rate.
South African Pat. No. 691,280 teaches that thetotal cross-sectional area of oxygen delivering tuyere pipes in square centimeters should be approximately equal to the weight of pig iron charged into the converter'in metric tons. The same reference teaches that the greatest allowable tuyere diameter for vertically mounted tuyeres should not exceed 1/35 of the depth of the bath, assuming an oxygen pressure of about 5 to atmospheres'. u
We have discovered that not only can larger tuyeres be used in a bottom blow process, but by increasing the diameter of the tuyeres to l/ of thebath depth, the number of tuyeres required in a given vessel is only one-third thenumber required if the diameter is 1/35 of the bath depth. This results not onlyin a reduced requirement in number of tuyeres, but also in a reduced number of piping connections for both oxygen and jacketing gas since fewer tuyeres are required. This, in turn, results in a decreased manpower requirement for maintenance and periodic replacement of parts.
It is the principal object of our invention to provide improved apparatus for refining molten metal in a 0-80? steelmaking vessel.
It is another object of our invention to provide apparatus having increased tuyere size over what was heretofore possible.
These and other objects will be more readily apparent with reference to the following detailed specification and the appended drawing in which:
The single figure is a vertical, cross-sectional view of a Q-BOP steelmaking vessel.
A bottom blow oxygen steelmaking vessel l0'has a removable bottom 12, comprising a bottom plate 14, and one or more generally upstanding tuyeres 16, which are surrounded by refractory material1'8. The bottom plate 14 is fastened to the furnace by bolts 20. The sides of the refractory portion of the removable bottom do not contact the refractory lining 22 of the vessel, but sufficient clearance is provided around the bottom for inserting a refractory gunning mixture 24to provide a metal ancl slag tight seal.
Tuyere 16 is a'dual concentric tuyere composed of an inner tube 30 and an outer tube 34. Tube 30 is spaced from tube 34 by spacers 36, which may be weldbeads, spiral wound wire, or any other suitable means for maintaining concentricity. The inner or central tube 30 delivers oxygen and lime to the molten metal bath. The annular space 38 between the central tube 30 and the outer tube 34 delivers a jacketing gas which is, in this case, natural gas.
- dard circular, cross-sectional tuyere to about l/l5 of the bath depth apparently reduces the height of the jet of gas in the bath and thus reduces the tendency of spittingto occur in the bath. We have also found that the total cross-sectional area of alloxygen delivering tuyeres in square centimeters may be from one to three times the bath size in metric tons. 1
The tuyere need not be a standard circular tuyere, but may have any of a number of cross-sectional shapes such as square, rhombic, rectangular, ellipse, ova], pointed ellipse, or any other desired shape; Todefine a common parameter of such shapes, we must turn to the terminology of fluid mechanics, wherein the hydraulic radius of a non-circularduct is the fluid-filled area divided .by the insideperimeter of the duct. The
hydraulic diameter equals four times the hydraulic radius. As above, a tuyere of any cross section having a hydraulic diameter up to aboutl/l3 the bath depth is operable in our invention.
The following examples illustrate the operability of our invention. t 1
XAMPLE.
Circular oxygen tuyere pipes 2.86 centimeters indiameter have been employed in a Q-BOP vessel in which the bath depth was approximately 128 inches (71.1 centimeters). The hydraulicdiameter was 1/25 the bath depth. Six tuyeres,.havin'g a total cross-sectional area of the oxygen pipe of 38.5 square centimeters, we're used to blow oxygen into a bath of 18.2 metric tons. Thus, the cross sectional area of the oxygen delivering tuyeres was 2.11 times the bath size inmetric tons.
' EXAMPLE 11 Circular oxygen tuyere pipes having an internal diameter of 2.323 inches (5.9 centimeters) were employed'in a Q-BOP vessel in which the bath depth was 32 inches (81.3 centimeters). The hydraulic diameter was I/ 14 the bath depth. Twotuye'res having a total cross-sectional area of the oxygen pipe of 52.8 square centimeters were used to blow oxygen into abath of 23 metric tons. The cross-sectional area of the oxygendelivering tuyeres was 2.3 times the bath size in metric tons. Oxygen flow was 11,400 scfm (2352 Nm /hr.) at 15 psig.
Our invention comprehends the broad range of hydraulic diameters fromabout 1' inchto 2.85 inches or 2.5 centimeters to 7.5centimeters. However, we prefer ahydraulicv diameter in the'range of about 1.6 to2.5 inches or 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters. We prefer a large hydraulic radius since it willaccommodate low pressures. Low oxygen pressures require large tuyeres to obtain sufficient oxygen throughput to operate the refining process. Of course the pressure must be sufficient to overcome the ferrostatic head of molten metal in the vessel. We have found that the oxygen pressure must be maintained at a. minimum of 1 atmosphere and can be as high as 15 atmospheres. The oxygen throughput mustbe at least normal cubic meters per hour per square centimeter of oxygen tuyere cross section.
The tuyere pipes may be installed atan angle with respect to the axis of the 0-801 converter vessel to improve mixing or impart rotation to the bath thus, minimizing sloshing and "bath instability. In this case, tu'- yeres of even larger cross-sectionalarea may be used. For instance, the tuyere diameter may be increased about percent for nozzles inclined to the vessels vertical axis. The tuyere pipes may also be installed in the sidewall of the converter beneath the surface of the molten metal bath.
From the foregoing it is readily apparent that we have invented an improved Q-BOP vessel for refining molten metal in which tuyeres extending through the bottom wall of the vessel have a hydraulic diameter no greater than 1/13 of the bath depth and a total cross-sectional area of the oxygen delivering portion of such tuyeres in square centimeters from 1 to 3 times the bath size in metric tons.
We claim:
1. A vessel for refining a molten metal bath contained therein, said vessel having an opening in its upper portion and at least one tuyere extending vertically through the bottom wall of said vessel for introducing refining gas to said bath, each tuyere having a hydraulic diameter from l/25th to 1/ 13th of the bath depth and having a total cross-sectional area of all such refining gas tuyeres in cm from one to three times the bath size in metric tons.
2 A vessel according to claim 1 in which each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 2.5 centimeters to 7.5 centimeters.
3. A vessel according to claim 1 in which each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters.
4. A vessel according to claim 1 wherein each refining gas tuyere is surrounded by a larger concentric outer tube which forms with said tuyere an annular passage for simultaneous injection of a jacket gas into the molten metal bath.

Claims (4)

1. A vessel for refining a molten metal bath contained therein, said vessel having an opening in its upper portion and at least one tuyere extending vertically through the bottom wall of said vessel for introducing refining gas to said bath, each tuyere having a hydraulic diameter from 1/25th to 1/13th of the bath depth and having a total cross-sectional area of all such refining gas tuyeres in cm2 from one to three times the bath size in metric tons.
2. A vessel according to claim 1 in which each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 2.5 centimeters to 7.5 centimeters.
3. A vessel according to claim 1 in which each refining gas tuyere has a hydraulic diameter from about 4.0 to 6.5 centimeters.
4. A vessel according to claim 1 wherein each refining gas tuyere is surrounded by a larger concentric outer tube which forms with said tuyere an annular passage for simultaneous injection of a jacket gas into the molten metal bath.
US00284693A 1972-08-29 1972-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction Expired - Lifetime US3802685A (en)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00284693A US3802685A (en) 1972-08-29 1972-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction
YU02215/73A YU221573A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-16 Improved vessel of a furnace for refining molten metal
BE134641A BE803678A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-16 PERFECTIONED CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTOM OXYGEN BLOWING TANK
FR7331142A FR2197987B1 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-28
AU59691/73A AU480815B2 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-28 Improved q-bop vessel construction
BR6617/73A BR7306617D0 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-28 POT PERFECTMENTS AND A PROCESS TO REFINE A MELTED METAL BATH
JP9629173A JPS5729529B2 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29
HUUE42A HU166951B (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29
CA179,916A CA980577A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction
DE2343546A DE2343546C2 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Fresh vessel for refining a molten metal
AT748973A AT338309B (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 CONVERTER AND METHOD OF OPERATING A Q-BOP STEEL MAKING CONVERTER
NL7311883A NL7311883A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29
SU7301957456A SU576054A3 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Tuyere for hearth blowing of metal in converter
RO7375933A RO65611A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 OXYGEN SUPPLY FORWARD IN STEEL RECEPTION RECEIVERS
IN1980/CAL/73A IN140050B (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29
GB4072673A GB1452962A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Method of refining molten metal
ES418299A ES418299A1 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction
IT28321/73A IT993808B (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 VESSEL FOR A STEEL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH OXYGEN BLOWING FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE TYPE OR BOP
CS736024A CS215080B2 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Nozzle
AR249815A AR198870A1 (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 VESSEL FOR REFINING A MELTED METAL BAT CONTAINED IN THE SAME AND THE METHOD FOR PRODUCING STEEL USING SUCH A VESSEL
ZA735930A ZA735930B (en) 1972-08-29 1973-08-29 Improved q-bop vessel construction
US421883A US3907549A (en) 1972-08-29 1973-12-05 Method of refining in improved Q-BOP vessel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00284693A US3802685A (en) 1972-08-29 1972-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction

Publications (1)

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US3802685A true US3802685A (en) 1974-04-09

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US00284693A Expired - Lifetime US3802685A (en) 1972-08-29 1972-08-29 Q-bop vessel construction

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US (1) US3802685A (en)
JP (1) JPS5729529B2 (en)
AR (1) AR198870A1 (en)
AT (1) AT338309B (en)
BE (1) BE803678A (en)
BR (1) BR7306617D0 (en)
CA (1) CA980577A (en)
CS (1) CS215080B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2343546C2 (en)
ES (1) ES418299A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2197987B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1452962A (en)
HU (1) HU166951B (en)
IN (1) IN140050B (en)
IT (1) IT993808B (en)
NL (1) NL7311883A (en)
RO (1) RO65611A (en)
SU (1) SU576054A3 (en)
YU (1) YU221573A (en)
ZA (1) ZA735930B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898078A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-08-05 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Method and apparatus for injecting refining oxygen in steelmaking processes
US3920448A (en) * 1972-10-03 1975-11-18 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Process and converter for refining liquid metals
US3985550A (en) * 1975-01-23 1976-10-12 United States Steel Corporation Method of producing low sulfur steel
EP0449258A2 (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Furnace bottom structure of direct current electric furnace
US5444733A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-08-22 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Electric arc furnace with alternative sources of energy and operating method for such electric furnace

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238228A (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-12-09 Canadian Liquid Air Ltd./Air Liquide Canada Ltee Non-ferrous metal treatment
JPS58123812A (en) * 1982-01-16 1983-07-23 Nippon Steel Corp Operating method of converter
GB8609063D0 (en) * 1986-04-14 1986-05-21 British Steel Corp Injection elements for melt containing vessels

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706549A (en) * 1968-02-24 1972-12-19 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Method for refining pig-iron into steel

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE792419A (en) * 1971-12-07 1973-03-30 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk PROCESS FOR REFINING A LOW PHOSPHORUS CAST IRON IN STEEL

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706549A (en) * 1968-02-24 1972-12-19 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Method for refining pig-iron into steel

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920448A (en) * 1972-10-03 1975-11-18 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Process and converter for refining liquid metals
US3898078A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-08-05 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Method and apparatus for injecting refining oxygen in steelmaking processes
US3985550A (en) * 1975-01-23 1976-10-12 United States Steel Corporation Method of producing low sulfur steel
EP0449258A2 (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Furnace bottom structure of direct current electric furnace
EP0449258A3 (en) * 1990-03-28 1992-01-02 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Furnace bottom structure of direct current electric furnace
US5444733A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-08-22 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Electric arc furnace with alternative sources of energy and operating method for such electric furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CS215080B2 (en) 1982-07-30
HU166951B (en) 1975-06-28
ES418299A1 (en) 1976-04-16
RO65611A (en) 1980-01-15
IN140050B (en) 1976-09-04
YU221573A (en) 1982-02-28
AU5969173A (en) 1975-03-06
AT338309B (en) 1977-08-25
SU576054A3 (en) 1977-10-05
DE2343546C2 (en) 1983-04-07
NL7311883A (en) 1974-03-04
DE2343546A1 (en) 1974-03-14
FR2197987A1 (en) 1974-03-29
BR7306617D0 (en) 1974-07-11
BE803678A (en) 1973-12-17
GB1452962A (en) 1976-10-20
JPS5729529B2 (en) 1982-06-23
FR2197987B1 (en) 1979-01-26
AR198870A1 (en) 1974-07-24
CA980577A (en) 1975-12-30
JPS4986203A (en) 1974-08-19
ATA748973A (en) 1976-12-15
IT993808B (en) 1975-09-30
ZA735930B (en) 1974-07-31

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