US3802335A - System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor - Google Patents

System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3802335A
US3802335A US00231121A US23112172A US3802335A US 3802335 A US3802335 A US 3802335A US 00231121 A US00231121 A US 00231121A US 23112172 A US23112172 A US 23112172A US 3802335 A US3802335 A US 3802335A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ram
pressure
predetermined
time period
level
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00231121A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Longo
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INT DYNETICS CORP
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INT DYNETICS CORP
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Filing date
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Application filed by INT DYNETICS CORP filed Critical INT DYNETICS CORP
Priority to US00231121A priority Critical patent/US3802335A/en
Priority to AU52294/73A priority patent/AU464587B2/en
Priority to DE19732308977 priority patent/DE2308977A1/de
Priority to CA164,507A priority patent/CA985091A/en
Priority to FR7306860A priority patent/FR2174075B1/fr
Priority to SE7302787A priority patent/SE395433B/xx
Priority to IT12489/73A priority patent/IT976612B/it
Priority to GB1004073A priority patent/GB1356559A/en
Priority to JP2442973A priority patent/JPS5530960B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3802335A publication Critical patent/US3802335A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3007—Control arrangements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse Compactor comprising actuating the forward movement of the ram to effect the compacting and limiting the actuation to a first predefined time. Simultaneously sensing the pressure in system as a result of the compaction and on sensing of a predetermined level limiting the continued actuation to a second time period less than the first.
  • the present invention relates to apparatus and method for compacting v refuse, garbage and the like.
  • the device comprises a longitudinally extending compression chamber having a discharge opening at its leading end and a feed opening at its trailing end.
  • a hydraulically operated ram designed to compact, to a predetermined density and pressure, refuse fed into the chamber through the feed opening.
  • Mounted at the discharge opening of the chamber is a manually pivotal door movable between an open and closed position, against which, when closed the refuse is compacted. In other machines, the door may be at an angle and the refuse compacted against an endplate or member.
  • such devices are-complex and require a number of controls, switches to effect compaction. Largely, the complexity results'from the desire to compact trash to a givenvolume, density and/or weight without taking into account the nature of the trash itself.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a compactor employing the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the method of operation.
  • the present invention is applied to a compactor apparatus comprising a tubular compression chamber 10 of round or polygonal section, as desired, mounted on a suitable base 12.
  • the chamber has a rear or trailing end l4 in which a hydraulic ram assembly 16 comprising a ram head 18, conforming in cross section to the chamber, a piston 20, and double acting cylinder 22 are arranged.
  • a hydraulic ram assembly 16 comprising a ram head 18, conforming in cross section to the chamber, a piston 20, and double acting cylinder 22 are arranged.
  • an inlet section 24 for refuse of any type and still more forward is a compaction zone 26 wherein the refuse is actually compacted.
  • the forward end of the compaction zone is closed by a pivotal door 28 which also conveniently forms the bulkhead against which the refuse is compacted.
  • a hopper 30 Arranged above the inlet 24 is a hopper 30 in which an electric eye or photo sensor 32 is arranged. In general, the arrangement is similar to that shown in the aforementioned patent to which reference
  • the electric eye is connected by leads 34 to an on-off switch S which merely supplies electric current from a suitable source L L to the system.
  • the switch S activates a light R indicating the actuation of the mechanism.
  • the photo eye 30 is adapted to sense the presence of a sufficient amount of refuse in the inlet for compaction.
  • the photo eye includes switching means which in response to the sensing of the refuse closes completing a circuit between the leads L and L to a motor which operates a conventional hydraulic compressor P connected via conduits 36 and 38 to the forward working and reversing sections of the cylinder 32 respectively. Simultaneously, current passes through a normally close contact KA of a two pole relay K to a hydraulic valve VR arranged in conduit 38.
  • the valve'VR is adapted-to provide flow to the reverse section of the cylinder to cause the cylinder to retract the piston to the rear or trailing end.
  • HPS low pressure hydraulic switch
  • the timer TM causes a contact TM normally closed in the line with the photo eye to open, breaking contact with the motor M immediately ceasing operation of the hydraulic system.
  • the ram is thus stopped in its forward most position, pushing the refuse that was in the inlet toward the bulkhead door 28.
  • the forward movement of the ram, or its compaction stroke extends for a period equal to the period set by the timer.
  • the stroke is in a single cycle, extending only during that period.
  • the length of the compression chamber and the speed at which the ram moves is of no consequence provided, however, that the ram moves sufficiently forward of the inlet to push the refuse.
  • the compaction density, volume and weight are determined by the following technique.
  • a high pressure switch HPS normally open.
  • the switch HPS is set at a predetermined pressure level, of sufficient height to determine a full compaction load as will more fully be described later. It will be understood that under compacting loads, ie when the ram is pushing refuse against the bulkhead, a reaction force is applied against the ram face. This backward force creates a back pressure in the working or forward operating section of the cylinder which increases the pressure level of the fluid media. It has been determined that under certain conditions the increase in pressure, when sustained for a given period of time, is indicative of the compaction of any given refuse to a desired density.
  • the high pressure switch HPS is connected to a time delay relay T set to operate after the elapse of a given time interval.
  • the relay T is provided with three contacts T normally closed and in line with the photo eye; T bridging the switch HPS and T operating a lamp A. The latter two contacts are normally open.
  • switch HPS senses the predetermined high back pressure, it actuates relay T only after the elapse of the predetermined time delay period; this satisfied the pressure time relationship indicative of a given density compacted load.
  • T bridging the switch HPS insures the operation of the timing relay T even if the pressure should suddenly drop thereafter.
  • T signals via lamp A the completion of the compaction load.
  • a relief valve 40 is inserted in the conduit 36.
  • the relief valve is set a predetermined level, above that of the high pressure switch HPS to blow" or relieve the pressure in the forward or working section of the cylinder 22. It also functions as a safety valve.
  • the pressure differential and time delay are set so that the relief pressure setting is reached just an instant before the time period expires. This insures that the refuse load is compacted to a fixed pressure determined by the relief valve.
  • a safety switch M for shutting off the motor is provided. This switch is also connected in line with the reversing hydraulic valve VR and thereby causes reversal of the ram automatically.
  • the ram is arrested, or retarded in its movement by the back pressure of the refuse, at a given pressure level for more than the given time, the motor is stopped no matter what position the ram is in, and the unloading signal is obtained.
  • the second time period i.e. the interval of the relay T must fall within the total predetermined time period set by the timer TM otherwise the ram stops as if only a partial load has been made, having not sensed a full load compacted at a given pressure for a given period of time.
  • the timer TM is in control and the ram continues moving forward at a pressure reaching toward that of the relief valve pressure setting. lt is only after the given interval elapses that the relay T trips and takes over control.
  • the high pressure switch HPS- set at a level only slightly, a few hundred PSI, less than that of the setting on the relief valve.
  • the actual pressure on a compacted load will be only slightly less than the maximum available, so that during the interval of the relay T the load pressure could be easily increased to the maximum.
  • the second time interval (T) is such that its length is sufficient to allow the building of the pressure in the system to the maximum. The final load on the refuse will, therefore, be substantially equal to that set by the relief valve.
  • each class of refuse has a different spring rate.
  • household refuse differs from industrial refuse and household refuse itself differs in the general amount of solid, liquid, organic and inorganic matter it contains.
  • the spring rate, or rate of expansion of the refuse By knowing the spring rate, or rate of expansion of the refuse, the density of the refuse as a function of its back pressure under compaction can be easily determined.
  • the pressure maximum level of the relief valve can be determined, the pressure level of the high pressure switch HPS and time required to reach the maximum pressure are easily found. These can be set into the HPS and relief valve 40 as previously described.
  • the interval of the first timer TM controls only the position when the ram stops relative to the bulkhead. It thus, may be adjusted to vary the length of the load.
  • the density of the load is not effected by the timer TM since the same applied pressure acts on the refuse from the combination of the high pressure switch HPS and the relay T less of course, frictional drag created by the walls of the compaction zone.
  • the length of the load will thus, also influence its total weight.
  • Density may be changed by varying the pressure differential between the high pressure switch HPS and the relief valve 40.
  • the timer TM may be set at 17 seconds, the relay T at 3 seconds, the relief valve 40 at 3,000 PSI, the high pressure switch at 2,700 PSl. Consequently the pressure differential of 300 PSI triggers the load sensing system, for a period of 3 seconds at which time the load approaches a 3,000 PSI level.
  • a pressure of approximately 35 lbs./sq. in. is developed on the refuse; sufficient to compact ordinary household refuse at a 4 or 5 to 1 ratio.
  • relay T may be replaced by another timer or clock mechanism and separate relay.
  • the hydraulic valves may be separate or combined, for example, in a three position four way valve.
  • Other modifications will be obvious. 7
  • An advantage of the present invention other than in the simplified method described is that fact that no mechanical switches are used. Thus, all the control elements may be removed from the compactor proper and housed in a remote control panel.
  • the only control lines necessary for operation which need be connected to the compaction apparatus, are the conduits for the hydraulic cylinder and the lead connections from the electric eye.
  • Apparatus for controlling the operation of a compactor formed of a longitudinal compression chamber having an inlet at its rear end for delivery of material, a compaction zone, an outlet at its forward end for the expulsion of material, and a hydraulic ram adapted to reciprocate within said compression chamber, comprising means responsive to the delivery of said material for actuating said ram to move forward from said inlet toward said compaction zone, said means including timer means for extending the forward movement of said ram within a first predetermined time interval and thereafter retracting said ram, means for sensing the pressure on said hydraulic ram effected by the movement of said refuse during said first time interval, and means responsive during said first time interval to the sensing of a predetermined level of pressure for determining a second predetermined time interval less than said first predetermined interval, and means for arresting the forward movement of said ram within said first predetermined time interval on the expiration of said second time interval.
  • said hydraulic ram includes a piston and a cylinder, a source of hydraulic fluid under pressure connected to said cylinder and valve means for delivering fluid to said cylinder to retract or extend said piston, and wherein said means for actuating said ram includes a photo sensor responsive to the delivery of a predefined quantity of material to actuate said valves.
  • valve means for the relief of said hydraulic fluid said valve means being set to relieve hydraulic pressure in said cylinder at a predetermined level greater than said sensed predetermined level of pressure.
  • said means for sensing the pressure level comprises a pressure switch connected with said cylinder, and said means for determining said second time interval comprises a time delay relay.
  • a method for controlling the operation of a hydraulic ram in compacting apparatus comprising the steps of actuating said ram in response to the delivery of material to said apparatus to move forward against said delivered material, extending the forward actuation of said ram for a predetermined time period, sensing the pressure in said ram in response to the compaction of material during said predetermined time period, determining a second time period upon sensing of a predetermined pressure level during said predetermined time, limiting said second time period to an interval less than said first time period and ceasing actuation of said ram in the event said predetermined pressure level is maintained for said second time period before expiration of said first time period.
  • the method according to claim 6 including the step of determining the differential in pressure between said fixed level and said predetermined level and the second time period to limit said ram to continue actuation during said second time period to raise the pressure on said ram to the fixed pressure level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
US00231121A 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor Expired - Lifetime US3802335A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00231121A US3802335A (en) 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor
AU52294/73A AU464587B2 (en) 1972-03-02 1973-02-19 System for controlling the hydraulic ram ofa refuse compactor
DE19732308977 DE2308977A1 (de) 1972-03-02 1973-02-23 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines muellverdichters mit einem hydraulisch beaufschlagbaren kolben
CA164,507A CA985091A (en) 1972-03-02 1973-02-26 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor
FR7306860A FR2174075B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-02 1973-02-27
SE7302787A SE395433B (sv) 1972-03-02 1973-02-28 Forfarande for styrning av en hydraulisk pistong i en kompakteringsanordning samt anordning for genomforande av forfarandet
IT12489/73A IT976612B (it) 1972-03-02 1973-02-28 Sistema di comando del pistone idraulico di un costipatore di rifiuti
GB1004073A GB1356559A (en) 1972-03-02 1973-03-01 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor
JP2442973A JPS5530960B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-02 1973-03-02

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00231121A US3802335A (en) 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor

Publications (1)

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US3802335A true US3802335A (en) 1974-04-09

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Family Applications (1)

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US00231121A Expired - Lifetime US3802335A (en) 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 System for controlling the hydraulic ram of a refuse compactor

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3802335A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5530960B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU464587B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA985091A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2308977A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2174075B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1356559A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT976612B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE395433B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918359A (en) * 1974-06-18 1975-11-11 Compactor Company Inc Waste compactor with adjustable bag fill control
US4027584A (en) * 1974-07-05 1977-06-07 Sly Howard M Water actuated garbage compactor
US4184426A (en) * 1976-05-11 1980-01-22 Expert N.V. Baling device for agricultural crops
US4387633A (en) * 1981-02-06 1983-06-14 James Ballantyne Sludge processing system
US4391186A (en) * 1980-11-17 1983-07-05 Davis William R Cotton press
US4406220A (en) * 1980-04-28 1983-09-27 Termic Instrument Ab Refuse handling system
US4501539A (en) * 1983-12-02 1985-02-26 Dravo Corporation Apparatus for removing the liquid phase from a slurry of fine granular material
US4537229A (en) * 1982-09-16 1985-08-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Ishida Koki Seisakusho Automatic weighing apparatus and method
US4615190A (en) * 1983-11-12 1986-10-07 Herbert Kannegiesser Gmbh & Co. Wet laundry dewatering apparatus
US4945796A (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-08-07 Riley Wayne F Method of punching material
US4953109A (en) * 1989-10-16 1990-08-28 Design-Rite, Inc. Automated trash compactor system
US4961375A (en) * 1984-04-30 1990-10-09 Highland Manufacturing And Sales Company System for baling strands of material and a denser bale of strands of material so produced
US5111741A (en) * 1984-04-30 1992-05-12 Highland Supply Corporation System for baling strands of material including means for feeding and means for weighing material charges
US5203669A (en) * 1991-04-25 1993-04-20 Waste Management Of North America, Inc. Garbage truck
US5299493A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-05 One Plus Corp. System for monitoring trash compactors
US5303642A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-19 One Plus Corp. System for monitoring trash compactors
US5954470A (en) * 1993-09-09 1999-09-21 Galion Solid Waste Equipment Co, Inc. Compacting system and refuse vehicle
US6021712A (en) * 1999-05-12 2000-02-08 J.V. Manufacturing, Inc. Control system for trash compaction apparatus including operator identification and authorization features
US6401902B1 (en) * 1998-04-24 2002-06-11 Roy Olson System and method for feeding of returnable containers
US6742448B1 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-06-01 J. U. Manufacturing Co., Inc. Baler with doors and platen positions interlocks
US20080098909A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-05-01 Willamor Martin A Split marine trash compactor system
CN105366085A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2016-03-02 侯豫 一种药膏基底自动装盘设备
CN105540116A (zh) * 2015-12-25 2016-05-04 湖南大学科技园有限公司 垃圾压缩装置及垃圾车
CN106586346A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2017-04-26 任帆 一种垃圾压缩箱垃圾无抛撒料斗
CN107323928A (zh) * 2017-06-28 2017-11-07 四川壹家易信息技术有限公司 社区智能垃圾运输系统
CN110406148A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-05 泉州台商投资区久协机械科技有限公司 一种垃圾压缩机
US11173678B2 (en) * 2016-08-09 2021-11-16 James Walsh Compactor
WO2022173914A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-18 Scott Reynolds Systems, methods and apparatus for improved management of hydraulically actuated devices and related systems

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5044883U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-22 1975-05-07
US4173424A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-11-06 Carrier Corporation Automatic packing system for refuse vehicle
JPS55144397A (en) * 1979-05-01 1980-11-11 Nagatake Ogawa Abnormality detector in bailing press machine
DE2942218A1 (de) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-30 Feinwerktechnik Schleicher & Co, 7778 Markdorf Verschlussvorrichtung der pressentuer einer ballenpresse
DE2942239A1 (de) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-30 Feinwerktechnik Schleicher & Co, 7778 Markdorf Steuerung des pressschild-antriebes und anderer pressenfunktionen bei ballenpressen
CN110406867A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2019-11-05 马鞍山市新桥工业设计有限公司 一种垃圾分类处理设备及其垃圾箱

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2705916A (en) * 1951-05-31 1955-04-12 Millgard Bror Manne Device for pressing out a fluid from a material in pieces
US3229618A (en) * 1962-08-28 1966-01-18 Connor Systems Inc O Refuse disposal apparatus and system
US3250414A (en) * 1963-07-12 1966-05-10 Robert J Pioch Compacting system and apparatus
US3606830A (en) * 1969-02-19 1971-09-21 Harsco Corp Stationary refuse packer and associated container apparatus
US3608476A (en) * 1969-06-27 1971-09-28 Int Patents & Dev Corp Garbage compactor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2705916A (en) * 1951-05-31 1955-04-12 Millgard Bror Manne Device for pressing out a fluid from a material in pieces
US3229618A (en) * 1962-08-28 1966-01-18 Connor Systems Inc O Refuse disposal apparatus and system
US3250414A (en) * 1963-07-12 1966-05-10 Robert J Pioch Compacting system and apparatus
US3606830A (en) * 1969-02-19 1971-09-21 Harsco Corp Stationary refuse packer and associated container apparatus
US3608476A (en) * 1969-06-27 1971-09-28 Int Patents & Dev Corp Garbage compactor

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918359A (en) * 1974-06-18 1975-11-11 Compactor Company Inc Waste compactor with adjustable bag fill control
US4027584A (en) * 1974-07-05 1977-06-07 Sly Howard M Water actuated garbage compactor
US4184426A (en) * 1976-05-11 1980-01-22 Expert N.V. Baling device for agricultural crops
US4406220A (en) * 1980-04-28 1983-09-27 Termic Instrument Ab Refuse handling system
US4391186A (en) * 1980-11-17 1983-07-05 Davis William R Cotton press
US4387633A (en) * 1981-02-06 1983-06-14 James Ballantyne Sludge processing system
US4537229A (en) * 1982-09-16 1985-08-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Ishida Koki Seisakusho Automatic weighing apparatus and method
US4615190A (en) * 1983-11-12 1986-10-07 Herbert Kannegiesser Gmbh & Co. Wet laundry dewatering apparatus
US4501539A (en) * 1983-12-02 1985-02-26 Dravo Corporation Apparatus for removing the liquid phase from a slurry of fine granular material
US4961375A (en) * 1984-04-30 1990-10-09 Highland Manufacturing And Sales Company System for baling strands of material and a denser bale of strands of material so produced
US5111741A (en) * 1984-04-30 1992-05-12 Highland Supply Corporation System for baling strands of material including means for feeding and means for weighing material charges
US4945796A (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-08-07 Riley Wayne F Method of punching material
US4953109A (en) * 1989-10-16 1990-08-28 Design-Rite, Inc. Automated trash compactor system
US5203669A (en) * 1991-04-25 1993-04-20 Waste Management Of North America, Inc. Garbage truck
US5299493A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-05 One Plus Corp. System for monitoring trash compactors
US5303642A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-19 One Plus Corp. System for monitoring trash compactors
US5954470A (en) * 1993-09-09 1999-09-21 Galion Solid Waste Equipment Co, Inc. Compacting system and refuse vehicle
US6123497A (en) * 1993-09-09 2000-09-26 Galion Solid Waste Equipment Co., Inc. Automated refuse vehicle
US6401902B1 (en) * 1998-04-24 2002-06-11 Roy Olson System and method for feeding of returnable containers
US6021712A (en) * 1999-05-12 2000-02-08 J.V. Manufacturing, Inc. Control system for trash compaction apparatus including operator identification and authorization features
US6742448B1 (en) 2002-12-09 2004-06-01 J. U. Manufacturing Co., Inc. Baler with doors and platen positions interlocks
US7201100B1 (en) 2002-12-09 2007-04-10 James Davis Pneumatic assist baler doors and platen interlocks
US20080098909A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-05-01 Willamor Martin A Split marine trash compactor system
US7500429B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2009-03-10 Willamor Martin A Split marine trash compactor system
CN105366085B (zh) * 2015-11-09 2019-01-04 嘉兴柴薪科技有限公司 一种药膏基底自动装盘设备
CN105366085A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2016-03-02 侯豫 一种药膏基底自动装盘设备
CN105540116A (zh) * 2015-12-25 2016-05-04 湖南大学科技园有限公司 垃圾压缩装置及垃圾车
US11173678B2 (en) * 2016-08-09 2021-11-16 James Walsh Compactor
CN106586346A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2017-04-26 任帆 一种垃圾压缩箱垃圾无抛撒料斗
CN106586346B (zh) * 2017-01-10 2018-11-02 任一帆 一种垃圾压缩箱垃圾无抛撒料斗
CN107323928A (zh) * 2017-06-28 2017-11-07 四川壹家易信息技术有限公司 社区智能垃圾运输系统
CN110406148A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-05 泉州台商投资区久协机械科技有限公司 一种垃圾压缩机
CN110406148B (zh) * 2019-07-19 2021-03-16 漳州科晖专用汽车制造有限公司 一种垃圾压缩机
WO2022173914A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-18 Scott Reynolds Systems, methods and apparatus for improved management of hydraulically actuated devices and related systems
AU2022221361B2 (en) * 2021-02-10 2025-07-10 Transocean Sedco Forex Ventures Limited Systems, methods and apparatus for improved management of hydraulically actuated devices and related systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2174075B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-03-23
SE395433B (sv) 1977-08-15
JPS48100979A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-19
GB1356559A (en) 1974-06-12
AU464587B2 (en) 1975-08-28
FR2174075A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-12
CA985091A (en) 1976-03-09
JPS5530960B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-08-14
AU5229473A (en) 1974-08-22
IT976612B (it) 1974-09-10
DE2308977A1 (de) 1973-09-13

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