US3801847A - X-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3801847A
US3801847A US00295490A US3801847DA US3801847A US 3801847 A US3801847 A US 3801847A US 00295490 A US00295490 A US 00295490A US 3801847D A US3801847D A US 3801847DA US 3801847 A US3801847 A US 3801847A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
electrons
thickness
ray tube
anode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00295490A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Dietz
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
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Publication of US3801847A publication Critical patent/US3801847A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes

Definitions

  • Germ 57 ABSTRACT [22] filed: 1972 An X-ray tube wherein electrons accelerated by an [21] Appl. No.: 295,490 electrical voltage strike an anode which carries at least upon the surface receiving the electrons a thin layer of a substance having a high density which lies upon a [30] Forelgn Apphcanon Pnonty Data body of lesser density.
  • the invention is particularly NOV.4, 1971 Germany 2154888 characterized in that the y is thinner than he depths of penetration of electrons in the material of (ell.
  • This invention relates to an X-ray tube wherein electrons accelerated by electrical voltage strike an anode carrying at least upon the surface receiving the electrons a thin layer of a substance having a high density which lies upon a body of lesser density.
  • Known X-ray tubes of this type have, for example, a carrying body of metal, such as molybdenum and its al loys, or of graphite.
  • material of higher density which is the brake material
  • the coatings have a thickness located at least in the range of millimeters; however, they are not less than p. so that all electrons coming from the cathode and received in the focal point, are braked. All of them, or as many as possible, should be utilized for producing brake rays, namely, X- rays.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve existing X-rays of the described type.
  • the layer thinner than the depths of penetration of electrons in the material of the layer produced by acceleration voltage used for creating the rays.
  • the layer has a thickness amounting to a few [1. when tungsten is used ranging between 0.5 to 5;:.. This layer absorbs only a part of the energy of striking electrons, so that the other portion of the electron energy reaches directly the supporting body and only there is absorbed. A substantial amount of produced heat is freed only at the supporting body; it is not necessary to transmit it to this body by heat conducting from the heavy metal layer.
  • the thickness of the heavy metal layer is set for an absorption of only 25 percent of the received elecextent.
  • the more advantageous transmission of energy in the depth of the anode, by electronic conducting and heat conducting, produces a colder anode outer surface and makes possible higher loads, which leads to a more intensive ray emission.
  • the anode of the present invention can be constructed from known materials by the use of methods which are also known. It is advantageous to adapt the thickness of the layer of the material of higher density to the energy, i.e. the transmission capacity of electrons at acceleration voltages used in X-ray tubes. There results for tungsten in the range of 50 to 80 kV a layer thickness of 2p. and in the range of 80 to 150 kV a layer thickness of 5a. This arrangement produces thus a thickness which corresponds to 25 percent of the range of electrons in tungsten at the prevailing highest acceleration of electrons.
  • the substance used as the material of higher density can also consist of a tungsten alloy with rhenium, osmium, iridium, etc., or another metal or compound, such as, for example, a carbide of tungsten, tantalum or hafnium.
  • tungsten alloy with rhenium, osmium, iridium, etc.
  • another metal or compound such as, for example, a carbide of tungsten, tantalum or hafnium.
  • Different layer thicknesses result depending upon the density of these substances, if a corresponding part of the penetration depth is to be taken as a measure. The thickness must be increased for smaller densities and diminished for higher densities.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side view of an X-ray tube with rotary anodes.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged section through a part of a rotary anode.
  • FIG. 3 is a similar section showing a rotary anode with two focal point paths of different thicknesses.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vacuum tight bulb l of a tube.
  • a cathode device 2 At one end of the cylindrical bulb 1 there is a cathode device 2 and at its opposite end an anode device 3, which, as is known, includes a rotor 4 rotatably mounted upon a supporting pin 5. At its opposite end the rotor has an axle 5 upon which the rotary anode 6 is mounted.
  • the cathode 2 consists of a casing 7 having an extension 8 in which a glow cathode 8 is located.
  • the glow cathode can be actuated by connecting lines 9, l0 and 11. At these lines is also located the acceleration voltage for the electron current emerging from the cathode.
  • the counter pole of this acceleration voltage is located at the support 5.
  • a heat voltage for the left half of the cathode is supplied between the lines 9 and 10.
  • An electronic current 12 shown by broken lines emerges therefrom and strikes the outer focal point path 13 of the rotary anode 6. In this case the focal point path 14.does not receive the electron flow. It would have been struck by electrons if a heating voltage would have been applied between the lines 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a part of the anode 6 with a layer 15 upon which lie focal point paths l3 and 14.
  • the layer 15 which is 3 p. thick and consists of tungsten, is applied upon the graphite body 6' which has a thickness of 10 mm. and a diameter of mm.
  • the striking electrons of the ray bundle 12 are indicated by arrows 16 and 17, whereby the arrows l6 symbolize those electrons which are transformed into rays in the layer 15, while the longer arrows l7 symbolize those electrons which pass through the layer. Electrons symbolized by the longer arrows give up energy only in the material of the body 6, so that their heating action does not affect the material of the layer 15, on the outer surface of which the X-rays are taken in well known manner.
  • the two focal point paths 18, 19 lie upon the layers 21 and 22 carried by the graphite body 20 having a thickness of 6 mm. and a diameter of 100 mm.
  • the layer 21 has a thickness of 2p
  • the layer 22 has a thickness of p. Both layers consist of tungsten.
  • the layer 21 is for electrons of 50 to 80 kV and the layer 22 is for electrons of 80 to 150 kV.
  • the thickness of the layers is adapted to the diaphanous capacities of the electrons.
  • An X-ray tube comprising an anode having a body and at least one layer of material of higher density than that of said body carried by said body, and means having an electrical accelerating voltage for producing electrons and projecting them upon said layer with a depth which is greater than the thickness of said layer, the thickness of said layer amounting to at most 25 percent of the range of electrons at maximum accelerating voltage.
US00295490A 1971-11-04 1972-10-06 X-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US3801847A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2154888A DE2154888A1 (de) 1971-11-04 1971-11-04 Roentgenroehre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3801847A true US3801847A (en) 1974-04-02

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ID=5824211

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00295490A Expired - Lifetime US3801847A (en) 1971-11-04 1972-10-06 X-ray tube

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3801847A (de)
JP (1) JPS4855687A (de)
AT (1) AT331363B (de)
DE (1) DE2154888A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2158386B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1414501A (de)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005322A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-01-25 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Rotating anode target structure
US4327305A (en) * 1978-11-20 1982-04-27 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Rotatable X-ray target having off-focal track coating
WO1995006952A1 (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Medical Research Council X-ray tubes
US5508118A (en) * 1992-07-03 1996-04-16 Tokyo Tungsten Co., Ltd. Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US20090085426A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube mems assembly
US20100239828A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Cornaby Sterling W Resistively heated small planar filament
US20100248343A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-09-30 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US20100243895A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-09-30 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray window with grid structure
US20110121179A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2011-05-26 Liddiard Steven D X-ray window with beryllium support structure
US20110150184A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Krzysztof Kozaczek Multiple wavelength x-ray source
US20110305324A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-15 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray target and method of making same
US8247971B1 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-08-21 Moxtek, Inc. Resistively heated small planar filament
US8498381B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2013-07-30 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8526574B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2013-09-03 Moxtek, Inc. Capacitor AC power coupling across high DC voltage differential
US8750458B1 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-06-10 Moxtek, Inc. Cold electron number amplifier
US8761344B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-06-24 Moxtek, Inc. Small x-ray tube with electron beam control optics
US8792619B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-29 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube with semiconductor coating
US8804910B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-08-12 Moxtek, Inc. Reduced power consumption X-ray source
US8817950B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-08-26 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube to power supply connector
US8929515B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-01-06 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple-size support for X-ray window
US8989354B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-03-24 Brigham Young University Carbon composite support structure
US8995621B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-03-31 Moxtek, Inc. Compact X-ray source
US9072154B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-06-30 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9076628B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-07-07 Brigham Young University Variable radius taper x-ray window support structure
US9173623B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2015-11-03 Samuel Soonho Lee X-ray tube and receiver inside mouth
US9174412B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-11-03 Brigham Young University High strength carbon fiber composite wafers for microfabrication
US9177755B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-03 Moxtek, Inc. Multi-target X-ray tube with stationary electron beam position
US9184020B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-10 Moxtek, Inc. Tiltable or deflectable anode x-ray tube
US9305735B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2016-04-05 Brigham Young University Reinforced polymer x-ray window

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1142211A (en) * 1978-11-20 1983-03-01 Richard G. Weber Rotatable x-ray target having off-focal track coating
DE102005039188B4 (de) * 2005-08-18 2007-06-21 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre
DE102005039187B4 (de) * 2005-08-18 2012-06-21 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre
JP2023006194A (ja) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-18 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 Ｘ線発生装置

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005322A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-01-25 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Rotating anode target structure
US4327305A (en) * 1978-11-20 1982-04-27 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Rotatable X-ray target having off-focal track coating
US5508118A (en) * 1992-07-03 1996-04-16 Tokyo Tungsten Co., Ltd. Rotary anode for x-ray tube
WO1995006952A1 (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Medical Research Council X-ray tubes
US20110121179A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2011-05-26 Liddiard Steven D X-ray window with beryllium support structure
US20100243895A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-09-30 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray window with grid structure
US20100323419A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-12-23 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US20100248343A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-09-30 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US8736138B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2014-05-27 Brigham Young University Carbon nanotube MEMS assembly
US20090085426A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube mems assembly
US20100285271A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2010-11-11 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube assembly
US9305735B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2016-04-05 Brigham Young University Reinforced polymer x-ray window
US20100239828A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Cornaby Sterling W Resistively heated small planar filament
US8247971B1 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-08-21 Moxtek, Inc. Resistively heated small planar filament
US20110150184A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Krzysztof Kozaczek Multiple wavelength x-ray source
US7983394B2 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-07-19 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple wavelength X-ray source
US20110305324A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-15 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray target and method of making same
US8509386B2 (en) * 2010-06-15 2013-08-13 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray target and method of making same
US8526574B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2013-09-03 Moxtek, Inc. Capacitor AC power coupling across high DC voltage differential
US8995621B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-03-31 Moxtek, Inc. Compact X-ray source
US8948345B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-02-03 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube high voltage sensing resistor
US8498381B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2013-07-30 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8964943B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2015-02-24 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8804910B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-08-12 Moxtek, Inc. Reduced power consumption X-ray source
US8750458B1 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-06-10 Moxtek, Inc. Cold electron number amplifier
US8929515B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-01-06 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple-size support for X-ray window
US8792619B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-29 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube with semiconductor coating
US9076628B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-07-07 Brigham Young University Variable radius taper x-ray window support structure
US8989354B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-03-24 Brigham Young University Carbon composite support structure
US9174412B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-11-03 Brigham Young University High strength carbon fiber composite wafers for microfabrication
US8817950B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-08-26 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube to power supply connector
US8761344B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-06-24 Moxtek, Inc. Small x-ray tube with electron beam control optics
US9072154B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-06-30 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9351387B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-05-24 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9177755B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-03 Moxtek, Inc. Multi-target X-ray tube with stationary electron beam position
US9184020B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-10 Moxtek, Inc. Tiltable or deflectable anode x-ray tube
US9173623B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2015-11-03 Samuel Soonho Lee X-ray tube and receiver inside mouth

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2158386A1 (de) 1973-06-15
JPS4855687A (de) 1973-08-04
GB1414501A (en) 1975-11-19
ATA683472A (de) 1975-11-15
AT331363B (de) 1976-08-25
DE2154888A1 (de) 1973-05-17
FR2158386B1 (de) 1977-12-23

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