US3799761A - Production of ferroalloys by mixing in the exclusion of air - Google Patents
Production of ferroalloys by mixing in the exclusion of air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3799761A US3799761A US00177694A US17769471A US3799761A US 3799761 A US3799761 A US 3799761A US 00177694 A US00177694 A US 00177694A US 17769471 A US17769471 A US 17769471A US 3799761 A US3799761 A US 3799761A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ladle
- slag
- ferroalloys
- pouring
- poured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 title description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 58
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
Definitions
- Ferroalloys of the metals chromium, manganese, tantalum, niobium and/ or vanadium with a nitrogen content of less than 0.015% may be obtained by reacting a molten mixture of raw stock and lime with metal-containing reducing agents while pouring the reaction mixture from one ladle to another in the absence of air, e.g.
- This invention relates to the production of ferroalloys of the metals chromium, manganese, tantalum, niobium and/or vanadium, from ores, slags and/or slag concentrates by the electro-metallotherrnal process, and particularly relates to a ladle for use in such a process.
- Ferroalloys may be produced in conventional manner by reacting a molten mixture of raw stock and lime with silicon-containing reducing agents, the resultant ferroalloy melt being tapped into moulds in which the melt cools.
- Ferroalloys thus obtained contain varying contents of nitrogen, particularly when the liquid slag and the ferroalloy obtained by the reduction of the oxide with siliconcontaining reducing agents such as ferrosilicon, silicochrome, silicomanganese, has been poured repeatedly from one ladle into another, as for instance in the Perrin process for the purpose of achieving an improved and more rapid reduction.
- the present invention allows the advantages of frequent pouring of the reaction mixture from vessel to vessel to be retained, by the use of a ladle which has a pouring spout attached to the rim of the ladle, the length of said spout being equal to at least of the height of the ladle, depending upon the expected volume of slag.
- the melt can be poured into another similar ladle in such a way that the entire metal melt remains under a layer of slag which entirely excludes contact with atmospheric air during the process of pouring.
- the liquid metal melt flows underneath a protecting layer of slag both in the reaction and in the second ladle, the pouring spout of the first ladle being immersed in the slag that has already been poured into the second ladle.
- the metal thus flows with the exclusion of air from ladle to ladle under the liquid slag.
- the ladle according to the invention may with advantage be fitted with a pouring spout at least 10 cms. below the rim of the ladle to ensure the presence of a supernatant layer of slag that is from to cms. thick when the liquid metal is poured out.
- a hood carrying the pouring spout which is attached to the rim of the ladle so that a collecting chamber is formed which has a capacity calculated to allow the liquid metal alloy to be poured out through the spout under a layer of slag that is 5 to 10 cms. thick.
- the hood is preferably attached to the ladle wall at an angle of about 30 degrees.
- a combination of at least two ladles is used, the rim of the ladle which is diametrically opposite the pouring spout being formed with a recess corresponding to the ladle radius.
- the ladle that is to be emptied is inserted into this recess to enable the pouring to be accomplished without trouble and with the retention of a covering layer of slag of about 10 cms. thickness.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawing is a vertical section of a ladle according to the invention.
- a hood 3 attached to the rim 2 of the cylindrical body 1 of the ladle is a hood 3 disposed at an angle of 30 which carries a pouring spout 4 extending substantially at an angle of 90 to the vertical axis of the ladle 1.
- the pouring spout 4 may comprise two parts, portion 5 being connected by a flange 6 to portion 4. This serves the purpose of permitting the end portion 5 which is subjected to greater wear, to be replaced.
- the ladle is conveniently formed with a circular recess 7 radially disposed to the body 1 of the ladle.
- the capacity of the space covered by the hood 3 and of the outlet opening 4 is so calculated that the volume of metal indicated at 8 can be poured out under a cover of slag which is formed in the ladle in a volume indicated at 9, so that the thickness of the layer of slag above the metal 8 as it flows out is between 5 and 10 cms.
- the spout 4, 5 has a length selected by reference to the expected volume of slag 9. In practice the length of the spout 4, 5 corresponds at least to one quarter of the height of the ladle to ensure that the end of the spout 4, 5 dips into the slag in a receiving ladle when the metal begins to be poured out.
- the ladle according to the invention is designed, in conventional manner, to incorporate a crossbar whereby with the aid of the lifting gear of a crane it may function as a tiltable ladle, and preferably a counter weight 13 may be provided near the ladle bottom.
- liquid alloy will not make contact with atmospheric air when slag and metal are poured into another vessel, and nitrides do not therefore form.
- the principal part of the slag preferably about 80% of the total volume of slag, is poured off into a similar ladle.
- the residual slag remaining in the first ladle is poured into a cooling mould to a depth of about 10 cms.
- the liquid metal alloy is also poured in. It will then remain in this mould underneath the layer of slag until it has cooled to a temperature below 500 C. When cooling has taken place the slag and the metal alloy may be mechanically separated.
- the separation of metal and slag in the liquid state can also be effected in a manner schematically indicated in FIG. 2, whereby an overfiow mould 10 is provided between two similar ladles 1 and 1' in such manner that the volume 11 of metal remains underneath a cover 12 of slag in the overflow mold while the overflowing volume of slag enters the second ladle 1'.
- the slag that has overflowed into the second ladle should still contain a major proportion of unreduced valuable metal oxides, these can then be subsequently reduced with metal-containing reducing agents.
- 80 to 90% of the now completely reduced slag is again poured off and discarded, whereas the liquid alloy and the remaining quantity of slag are added to a fresh melt of raw stock and lime or cooled under the completely reduced slag.
- the ladles according to the invention can be used not only for the production of ferroalloys that are poor in nitrogen, but also whenever metal melts are required to be protected from the effects of atmospheric nitrogen or oxygen when being poured from one vessel into another. Naturally it is necessary that a sufficient volume of slag should be present during the melting and pouring process.
- cooling mould is an overflow mold interposed between adjacent like ladles.
- a process according to claim 8 in which after the last pour from the first ladle to the second ladle, a proportion of the total volume of slag is fully reduced in a like ladle with silicon-containing reducing agents to form a metal alloy, removing a proportion of the remaining slag therefrom, and adding the metal alloy formed to a fresh melt of raw stock and lime or cooled in an overflow mold under a cover of slag that is 5 to 10 cms. thick.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702044143 DE2044143C (de) | 1970-09-05 | Verwendung einer Gießpfanne zur Herstellung von Ferrolegierungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3799761A true US3799761A (en) | 1974-03-26 |
Family
ID=5781722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00177694A Expired - Lifetime US3799761A (en) | 1970-09-05 | 1971-09-03 | Production of ferroalloys by mixing in the exclusion of air |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3799761A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS509728B1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2105278B1 (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT939373B (OSRAM) |
| SE (1) | SE390737B (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA715584B (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5685244A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-11-11 | Textron Systems Corporation | Gas-fired smelting apparatus and process |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2967339A (en) * | 1958-09-26 | 1961-01-10 | Lukens Steel Co | Ladle |
-
1971
- 1971-08-20 ZA ZA715584A patent/ZA715584B/xx unknown
- 1971-08-20 FR FR7130356A patent/FR2105278B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-03 SE SE7111188A patent/SE390737B/xx unknown
- 1971-09-03 US US00177694A patent/US3799761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-09-04 IT IT52682/71A patent/IT939373B/it active
- 1971-09-06 JP JP46068825A patent/JPS509728B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5685244A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-11-11 | Textron Systems Corporation | Gas-fired smelting apparatus and process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2105278B1 (OSRAM) | 1975-02-07 |
| ZA715584B (en) | 1973-04-25 |
| IT939373B (it) | 1973-02-10 |
| DE2044143A1 (de) | 1972-03-09 |
| JPS509728B1 (OSRAM) | 1975-04-15 |
| SE390737B (sv) | 1977-01-17 |
| FR2105278A1 (OSRAM) | 1972-04-28 |
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