US379923A - Brick-kiln - Google Patents

Description

J. 0. ANDERSON.

5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

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' BRICK KILN.

No. 379,923. Patented Mar. 27, 1888.

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J'. G. ANDERSON.

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' J. O; ANDERSON.

BRICK KILN.

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. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JAMES O.-ANDERSON, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

BRlCK-KiLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,923, dated March 27, 1888.

Application filed August 17, 1887.

Serial No". 247,207. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JAMES O. ANDERSON, a

" citizen of the United States. residing at Highland Park, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in devices for burning brick and transporting same to market. 7

The object of my invention is to facilitate the burning and handling of brick in such a manner as to greatly reduce their cost of manufacture, and at the same time prevent any appreciable loss of bricks by breakage incident to frequent handling.

My invention consists in so constructing a kiln or clamp upon a boat or scow, or in the arrangement of the deck of a boat, that the bricks piled thereon can be burned on said boat and afterward transported to market with the bricks thereon.

Other novel features will be fully described, and pointed out in the claim.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a top or plan view of a scow on which the clamp or kiln is permanently mounted, with attendant fuel-scows on either side, and a scow having the dredging and brick-making mechanism and an endless carrier for conveying the bricks on the floating kiln. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the kiln and scow on which the kiln is mounted, with the attendant fuel floats o'rscows. Fig. 3 is a detached sectional view of the floor portion of the kiln and the top of the scow. Fig. 4 is a side view of one of the anchor-bars for securing the kiln to the scow. Fig. 5 is a detached sectional view of one of the anchor-bars and a beam of the scow to which it is attached. Fig. 6 is a side view of a portion of the kiln and scow. Fig. 7 is a sectional View of a portion of the kiln with the wall of the kiln or clamp removed, and showing the arrangement of the bricks preparatory to burning. Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line .00 w of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a sectionalend view of a scow and furnaces on each side of the same, forming a slip in which the scow is anchored, while the bricks stacked thereon are being burned. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal view, partly i n section, of a barge having the end walls of a kiln'only secured to' the same, such construction of scow being used with the permanent stationary furnaces shown in Fig. 9. r. v In order to clearly define the scope of this invention, it may be proper to state in this connection that it is designed as an adjunct or completion of a system for manufacturing common brick for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to me December 12, 1882, No. 268,976, Nos. 276,991 and 276,992, of May 8, 1883, and No. 283,366, of August 21, 1883.

The mechanism described and claimed in the patents above referred to was designed for the manufacture of bricks from clay excavated from the bottoms of rivers. lakes, &c., and may be briefly stated to be as follows:

The brick-forming mechanism is mounted on a boat or scow, and is made part of the" dredge, which dredges the clay as it isfound in its water-soaked condition, and in one continuous operation the clay is passed through the mixing and'molding process into completely-formed brick, ready for drying and burning, all this labor being performed by machinery working automatically, and thus dispensing with human labor in all portions of the process previousto backing up the molded brick in the kiln, except the small crew of men upon the boat to man the same and operate the machinery. Wherever clay exists upon the bottom of a river, pond, lake, or in their banks near or below the water-line, or in low ground adjacent thereto otherwise inaccessibleon account of the water, which would interfere with the operation of digging, my I mechanism can be operated and my process carried out, and at the same time a double objectis attained--viz.,moving the clay for use as brick and at the same time deepening and widening the channels or Water-ways. Clays of this character above'referred to have essentially the same characteristics and produce a good strong brick for ordinary purposes, and

this clay is to be found in great quantities near all our large cities-as, for instance, in the navigable bays andrivers accessible to New York city, while a deposit of clay equally accessible tothat market exists in the various rivers, bays, and marsh lands of New J ersey and the bricks when formed are to be piled at once onto the floating kilns, which form the subject-matter of this application, and as soon as burned they can be towed to market without' being removed from the kiln. By the old methods bricks for the New York market undergo frequent handlings, after which they must be loaded on barges or cars and transported many miles to the slips or wharves in New York city. Any number of these plants may be put in operation, and as they utilize clay deposits otherwise inaccessible, and thereforewithout commercial value, the bricks thus made and placed directly in the market with such economy in cost would always command the market as against competitors manufactu ring by other methods.

A indicates a boat or scow, on which are mounted any of the excavating and brickforming mechanisms described in my patents heretofore referred to, and it is not thought necessary to show such mechanisms in this application.

B is an endless belt or carrier leading from the brick-forming mechanisms to the scow C, said scow being detachably connected to the scow A by ropes or chains D, passing around suitable posts or standards, E. The scows or barges G are made in a strong and substantial manner and of any size desired; but for purposes of economy I prefer to make them of one size-viz., about eighty feet long, twentyfour feet wide, and seven feet depth of holdthe portion forming the deck being strongly braced, so as to withstand the heavy load to be placed thereon. The construction of the kiln-walls as shown in this example does not differ from the ordinary clamp-kiln; but other forms of kiln may be substituted.

F indicates the walls of the kiln or clamp permanently located on the deck of the scows or barges O, the walls of said kilns being built of brick or other suitable materials and provided with door-openings to register with the fire-arches. The walls of the kiln are held in position by means of a series of vertical iron posts, G, said posts being firmly bolted near the middle to deck-timbers H of the scow, while the lower ends of said posts are provided with perforated feet I, which adapt them to be bolted to the cross-timbers K, forming the support for the bottom of the scow. The upper ends of the posts G are provided with slots L to receive the tie-rods M, said rods being provided with the com mon and well-known adjusting devices to allow for the contraction and expansion of the metal.

The floor of the kiln is composed of hollow fire-clay tiles N, which rest on a thick layer of asbestos, 0, said layer of asbestus being separated from the timbers P, forming the deck of the scow, and another layer of asbestos felt or packing, Q, and by a layer of sheet-iron, B,

said sheet-iron being bent down over the sides.

of the deck to a pointbelow the water'ine, and held in such position by nails or screws. It

will be noticed by this construction that I completely cut off or insulate the deck of the scow from the effect of the fires used in burning the brick.

The kilns are provided with the usual opening, S, which, when the kiln is filled and ready for firing, is closed up in the usual manner. The bricks are piled in the kiln for burning in the usual manner, with fire-arches T and openings between the bricks for the passage of the flame, as indicated in Figs. 7 and'8.

When the kiln has been filled with the newlymade brick, it is detached from the scow A and another scow having an empty kiln is secured thereto. The coaling scows U are now attached to the scow O and the firing is commenced. The burning of the brick may be completed before the scowis started for market or the burning consummated during the voyage, it being understood that the necessary escort of coaling-scows and tug with one or more of the kilns will constitute the fleet. In practice, however, the burning operation will be completed before starting for market, and then throwing open the doors of the furnaces to allow the cold air to rush into the kiln, which operation will be facilitated by the motion of the boat, will cool the bricks, so that they can be handled before the market or point of destination is reached.

in Fig. 9 I have shown amodification which comes within the spirit of my invention. In this instance a part of the permanent kiln on the scow is dispensed with, as will appear from the following description of the device shown in the figure above referred to.

In Fig. 9 the furnaces A are built at suitable distances apart on each side of a canal, B, said furnaces being supported by piles or suitable masonry, so as to form a slip or dock for the reception of the scows or barges containing the brick to be burned; or, in other words, the permanent side walls of the kiln are transferred to the banks of the stream, and with suitable fire-boxes, while the bricks thereon are placed to register with the furnaces.

The deck of the scow 0' is of essentially the same construction as that of the scow 0-0. 0., it is provided with the permanent end walls, A, hollow fire-proof tile door, and with the layers of asbestos felt and sheet metal, so as to protect the deck proper from the heat of the furnace.

The brick as they are taken from the machineare built up on the scow O, the same as in setting a kiln or clamp of the ordinary kind, the brick being built out to the edge of the scow, with the necessary number offire-arches to register with the furnaces, and with the proper spacing between the brick to allow the heat and products of combustion to pass through to every portion of the pile or clamp. After the scow has been fully loaded, it istowed into the slip B and carefully adjusted with reference to the furnaces in A, in order that said furnaces may register with the arches of the clamp on the boat, the space between the com slip or dock, and the upper portion of the sides of the scow is metal-coated to below the waterline, so as to protect it from direct contact with the fire which might fall from the furnace. The guards E project out from the sides of the scow, in order to protect the same and to prevent the tiles from coming in contact with the walls of the furnaces when the scow is moved in and out of the slip, and from being dis-. placed or injured by contact with other boats while in transit.

It is'of course understood that, whether the barges or the floating kilns are 'used, in each instance they are attached to the scow'A, on which the dredging and brick-making machinery is mounted, and that after they receive their load of brick they are detached and the bricks burned, as has been clearly described.

The advantage of this system of making common brick will be apparent whenit is understood that only one handling of the brick is necessary from the time theyleave the machine until the reach the market-that is, when the -Nos. 276,991 and 276,992, of May 8,1883, and

No. 283,366, of August 21, 1883. I am also aware that it is not new to manufacture bricks 0 for fuel from coal-screenings, peat, 8w, on a scow. I am also aware that it is not new to mount on a scow or boat mixing and heating devices for the manufacture of. concrete for pavements; and such I do not claim. I 5

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isf In a plant for making brick, a scow to receive the brick from the machine as they are made, said scow being provided with a perma- 5o nent kiln or clamp, in which the bricks are burned and transported to market without further handlings, as set forth.

In testimony whereofIhave signed my name to this specification, in the presence oftwo sub- 55 scribing witnesses, on this 15th day of August, A. I). 1887.

J. O. ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

L. W. SINSABAUGH, J. O. CUSHMAN.

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