US3798941A - Rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination - Google Patents

Rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798941A
US3798941A US00303726A US30372672A US3798941A US 3798941 A US3798941 A US 3798941A US 00303726 A US00303726 A US 00303726A US 30372672 A US30372672 A US 30372672A US 3798941 A US3798941 A US 3798941A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
gauge
roll
stand
roll stand
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US00303726A
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R Fox
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AEG Westinghouse Industrial Automation Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Priority to BE793763D priority Critical patent/BE793763A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US00303726A priority patent/US3798941A/en
Priority to AU50360/72A priority patent/AU458830B2/en
Priority to FR7300339A priority patent/FR2205377B1/fr
Priority to JP12409073A priority patent/JPS5340941B2/ja
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Publication of US3798941A publication Critical patent/US3798941A/en
Assigned to AEG WESTINGHOUSE INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION CORPORATION reassignment AEG WESTINGHOUSE INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/16—Control of thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to workpiece strip metal tandem rolling mills and more particularly to roll force gauge control systems and methods used in operating such rolling mills.
  • the unloaded roll opening and the speed at each tandem mill stand or for each reversing mill pass are set up to produce successive workpiece strip or plate reductions resulting in work product at the desired gauge.
  • the loaded roll opening at a stand equals the stand delivery gauge or thickness on the basis of the usual assumption that there is little or no elastic workpiece recovery.
  • a stand automatic gauge control system is employed if it is necessary that the stand delivery gauge be closely controlled.
  • a stand gauge control system is normally used for a reversing mill stand'and for predetermined stands in tandem rolling mills.
  • the roll force gauge control system uses Hookes law in controlling the screwdown position at a rolling stand, i.e. the loaded roll opening under workpiece rolling conditions equals the unloaded roll opening or screwdown position plus the mill stand spring stretch caused by the separating force applied to the rolls by the workpiece.
  • a load cell or other force detector measures the roll separating force at each controlled roll stand and the screwdown position is controlled to balance roll force changes from a reference value and thereby hold the loaded roll opening at a substantially constant value.
  • Hot strip mill automatic gauge control including evaluation of roll force feedback information involves the combination of a number of process variables, such as roll force, screw position, and mill spring which are all used to evaluate the gauge of the strip as it is worked in each stand.
  • process variables such as roll force, screw position, and mill spring which are all used to evaluate the gauge of the strip as it is worked in each stand.
  • an X-ray gauge is used on the strip as it passes out of the last stand to evaluate the absolute strip gauge produced.
  • the two gauge error detection systems that are commonly used are the X-ray and roll force.
  • X-ray gauges can be placed between each stand, but they are expensive, difficult to maintain, and can detect errors only as the strip passes between stands.
  • the roll force error detection system is much less expensive, and can be more easily implemented in relation to the operation of all stands, to detect errors in gauge as the strip passes between the rolls of a particular roll stand, providing immediate evaluation of desired corrections to the roll openings.
  • the roll force system provides only a relative evaluation of the gauge, since it measures the amount of gauge deviation from a reference gauge, such as the gauge at the head end of the strip.
  • a practical combination of the two systems uses rollforce feedback to calculate fast corrections to fluctuations in gauge, and an X-ray guage to evaluate the absolute gauge of the strip coming out of the last stand.
  • the fast corrections are calculated from the roll force feed back, the stand screwdown position, and the modulus of elasticity of the rolling stand.
  • the slower X-ray gauge evaluation calculates simultaneous corrections to several stands, so that the absolute value of the gauge may be brought to the desired value.
  • the roll force gauge control system is an analog arrangement including analog comparison and amplification circuitry which responds to roll force and screwdown position signals to control the screwdown position and hold the following equality:
  • the lock-on screwdown position LOSD and the lock-on roll separating force LOF are measured to establish what strip delivery gauge G should be maintained out of that roll stand.
  • the roll stand separating force F and the roll stand screwdown position value SD are monitored periodically and any undesired change in roll separating force is detected and compensated for by a corresponding correction change in screwdown position.
  • the lock-on gauge LOG is equal to the lockon screwdown LOSD plus the lock-on force LOP multiplied by the mill stand spring modulus K.
  • the workpiece strip delivery gauge G leaving the roll stand at any time during the rolling operation is in accordance with above equation (1) and is equal to the unloaded screwdown position SD plus the roll separating force F multiplied by the mill spring modulus K,
  • the roll force determined gauge error GE in relation to a particular roll stand is derived by subtracting the lock-on gauge LOG from the delivery gauge G.
  • Equations 3,4 and 5 set forth these relationships.
  • the well known X-ray monitor gauge control system is usually employed to produce screwdown offset for the roll force control.
  • an X-ray or other radiation gauge sensing device is placed at one or more predetermined process points and usually at least at a process point following the delivery end after the last roll stand of the mill in order to sense actual delivery gauge after a workpiece transport delay from the point in time at which the actual delivery gauge is produced at the preceding stand or stands.
  • the monitor system compares the actual delivery gauge with the desired delivery gauge and develops an X-ray gauge error as an analog feedback control signal to adjust the operation of the reversing mill roll force gauge control system or one or more predetermined tandem mill stand roll force gauge control systems to supply desired steady state mill delivery gauge.
  • the conventional monitor system provides for transport delayed correction of steady state gauge errors which are caused or which are tending to be caused by a single mill variable or by a combination of mill variables.
  • a programmed digital computer system can be employed to make the gauge error correction screwdown movement determinations as well as to perform other mill control functions.
  • the computer employs a programming system including an automatic roll force gauge control program or AGC program which is executed at predetermined periodic intervals to calculate the desired screwdown movement required at each roll force gauge controlled stand for gauge error correction including that stemming from roll force error detection at that stand.
  • a system and method for controlling workpiece delivery gauge in a metal rolling mill employs means for detecting gauge error in the workpiece delivered from a given roll stand, and means for controlling the screwdown position of at least that one rolling stand of the mill in accordance with a predetermined relationship between said gauge error, the stand mill spring modulus and the workpiece plasticity for that stand, which plasticity is determined by calculation, for correcting the delivery gauge in relation to that given roll stand and this detected gauge error.
  • FIG. ll shows a schematic diagram of a tandem hot steel strip rolling mill and an automatic gauge control system arranged for operation in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the typical mill spring curve and workpiece reduction curve for a given rolling mill stand and the operation of that roll stand for reducing the gauge of a workpiece passed through the roll stand;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates, in relation to the mill spring curve and the workpiece reduction curve, the effect of a correction made to the screwdown position setting for changing the unloaded roll opening of a roll stand to provide a desired change in the workpiece gauge delivered from that roll stand.
  • FIG. i shows an illustrative gauge error detection operation in relation to the initial lock on conditions at the head end of the workpiece.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the plasticity determination operation in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. ii a tandem hot strip steel fin ishing mill llll operated with improved gauge control performance by a process control system l3 in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • the invention is applicable to various types of mills in which roll force gauge control is employed.
  • the tandem mill 1111 includes a series of reduction rolling stands with only two of the stands Sll and S6 shown.
  • a workpiece l5 enters the mill ill at the entry end in the form of a bar and it is elongated as it is transported through the successive stands to the delivery end of the mill where it is coiled as a strip on a downcoiler T7.
  • the entry bar would be ofknown steel grade class and it typically would have a known input gauge or thickness of about ll inch and a width within some limited range such as inches to 80 inches.
  • the deliv ered strip would usually have approximately the same width and a thickness based upon the production order for which it is intended.
  • the successive stands operate at successively higher speeds to maintain proper workpiece mass flow.
  • Each stand produces a predetermined reduction or draft such that the total mill draft reduces the entry bar to strip with the desired gauge or thickness.
  • Each stand is conventionally provided with a pair of backup rolls 119 and M and a pair of work rolls 23 and 25 between which the workpiece 115 is passed.
  • a large DC drive motor 27 is controllably energized at each stand to drive the corresponding work rolls at a controlled speed.
  • the sum of the unloaded work roll opening and the mill stretch substantially defines the workpiece gauge delivered from any particular stand in accordance with Hookes law.
  • a pair of screwdown motors 29 (only one shown at each stand) position respective screwdowns 31 (only one shown at each stand) which clamp against opposite ends of the backup rolls and thereby apply pressure to the work rolls.
  • the two screwdowns 31 at a particular stand would be in identical positions, but they can be located in different positions for strip guidance during threading, for flatness or other strip shape control purposes or possibly for other purposes.
  • a conventional screwdown position detector or encoder 33 provides an electrical signal representation of screwdown position at each stand.
  • a screwdown position detection system which includes the screwdown position detector 33 can be provided and calibrated from time to time.
  • Roll force detection is provided at each of predeter mined stands by a conventional load cell 35 which generates an electrical analog signal in accordance with the stand roll force.
  • each roll force controlled stand is provided with a load cell 35 and in many cases stands without roll force gauge control would also be equipped with load cells.
  • the number of stands to which roll force gauge control is applied is predetermined during the mill design in accordance with cost-performance standards, and increasingly there is a tendency to apply roll force gauge control to all of the stands in a tandem hot strip steel mill. In the present case, a roll force gauge control system is assumed to be employed at each of the stands.
  • Conventional motorized sideguards 37 are located at predetermined points along the mill length. The sideguards 37 are operated during mill setup on the basis of the widths of the upcoming workpiece l5 thereby defining the sides of the workpiece travel path for guidance purposes.
  • the process control system 13 provides automatic control for the operation of the tandem mill 1111 as well as desired control for associated production processes (not indicated) such as the operation of a roughing mill.
  • the process control system l3 can include a pro grammed process control digital computer system which is interfaced with the various mill sensors and the various mill control devices to provide control over many of the various functions involved in operating the tandem mill llll.
  • the con trol system l3 can also include conventional manual and/or automatic analog controls for selected process control functions.
  • automatic gauge control system 39 can include a digital computer system operative to provide the finishing mill on-line roll force gauge control function, such as a PRODAC 2000 (P2000) sold by Westinghouse Electric Corporation.
  • PRODAC 2000 PRODAC 2000
  • a descriptive book entitled PRODAC 2000 Computer Systems Reference Manual has been published in 1970 by Westinghouse Electric Corporation and made available for the purpose of describing in greater detail this computer system and its operation.
  • the digital computer processor can be associated with well known predetermined input systems typically including a conventional contact closure input system which scans contact or other signals representing the status of various process conditions, a conventional analog input system which scans and converts process analog signals, and operator controlled and other information input devices and systems 4311 such as paper tape teletypewriter and dial input systems.
  • information input devices 431 are generally indicated by a single block in FIG. ll although different input devices can and typically would be associated with the control system.
  • Various kinds of information are entered into the control system through the input devices 41 including, for example, desired strip delivery gauge and temperature, strip entry gauge and width and temperature (by entry detectors if desired), grade of steel being rolled, plasticity tables, hardware oriented programs and control programs for the programming system, and so forth.
  • the principal control action outputs from the automatic gauge control or AGC system include screwdown positioning reference commands which are applied to respective screwdown positioning controls 55 for operating the screwdown motors 29 for screw movement, and speed control signals which are applied to the respective speed and tension control system 53 to cause a change in drive speed to compensate for a change in thickness being made by a screwdown movement.
  • Display and printout devices Sil such as numeral display, tape punch, and teletypewriter systems can also be provided to keep the mill operator generally informed about the mill operation and in order to signal the operator regarding an event or alarm condition which may require some action on his part.
  • the printout devices are also used to log mill data according to computer log program direction.
  • the AGC system uses Hookes law to determine the total amount of screwdown movement required at each roll force controlled stand at the calculating point in time for roll force and gauge error correction, i.e., for loaded roll opening and stand delivery gauge correction to the desired value.
  • the calculation defines the total change in the unloaded roll opening required to offset the gauge error causing condition.
  • the on line gauge control system operates the stands to produce strip product having desired gauge and proper shape, i.e., flat with slight crown.
  • On line gauge control is produced by the roll force gauge control loops at the stands and the previously noted X-ray monitor gauge control systems.
  • the X-ray gauge 17 produces the X-ray gauge error or deviation signal which indicates the difference between actual strip delivery thickness and desired or target strip delivery thickness. in other cases, it may be desirable to employ an absolute thickness measurement X-ray gauge signal to form a basis for monitor control actions or, more generally, for screwdown offset control actions.
  • the AGC system operates at predetermined time periods such as every 2/10 second with the screwdown position detector and load cell provided signals from each stand as well as the X-ray gauge duration signal to determine the respective stand screwdown adjustment control actions required for producing desired strip delivery gauge.
  • a mill modulus characteristic or mill spring curve defines the separation between a pair of workpiece reducing mill stand work rolls as a function of separating force and as a function of screwdown position.
  • the slope of the mill spring curve W0 is the well known mill spring modulus or constant K which is subject to variation as well known to persons skilled in this art.
  • the workpiece deformation characteristic or re duction curve 102 is shown.
  • the entry gauge H of the workpiece passed through the roll stand is reduced to the indicated delivery gauge H as defined by the intersection of the mill spring curve 100 and the product reduction curve 102 to establish the stand roll force required for the indicated operation.
  • the unloaded roll opening sometimes called the screwdown because of the screw-and nut system used for adjusting the roll opening, is the gauge that would be delivered if there were no roll separating force. As the force increases with a constant roll opening, the delivery gauge increases, since the mill deflects as shown by hte mill spring curve 100. If no force was exerted on the product being rolled, the gauge would not be reduced and the delivery gauge would be equal to the entry gauge.
  • the delivery gauge is determined by the equilibrium point at which the force exerted by the mill is equal to the force required to deform the product. Changes in entry gauge and product hardness result in a change in roll force and delivery gauge. The automatic gauge control moves the screwdown to correct for these gauge changes.
  • the main advantage of the roll force gauge control system is its ability to detect changes in gauge the instant they take place, as the product is being rolled in the stand. A shift in delivery thickness can be caused by a change in entry thickness or a change in hardness (usually caused by a change in temperature). This change in delivery gauge is immediately detected by monitoring the roll separating force of the roll stand.
  • the stand workpiece delivery gauge H equals the unloaded roll opening as defined by the screwdown position SDREE plus the mill stretch (F*K) caused by the workpiece. If the screwdown calibration is incorrect, i.e., if the number assigned to the theoretical roll facing screwdown position is something other than zero because of roll crown wear or other causes, the stand workpiece delivery gauge l-l then equals the unloaded roll opening plus the mill stretch, plus or minus the calibration drift.
  • the amount of mill stretch depends on the product deformation characteristic or reduction curve M2 for the workpiece as shown in FIG. 2, the reduction curve I02 for a strip of predetermined width represents the amount of force F required to reduce the workpiece from the stand entry gauge (height) I-I
  • the workpiece plasticity P is the slope of the curve W2, and the curve W2 is shown as being linear although a small amount of nonlinearity would normally exist.
  • Desired workpiece delivery gauge H is produced since the amount of force F required to reduce the workpiece from E to H is equal to the amount of roll separating force required to stretch the rolls to a loaded roll opening l-I i.e., the intersection of the mill spring curve MW at an initial screwdown opening SDREF indicated by mill spring curve iltliti and the workpiece reduction curve W2 lies at the desired gauge value I'l
  • the actual stand present gauge Hx is not the same as the desired gauge l-I there is a gauge error GE to be corrected. This condition can be corrected by changing the provided screwdown position reference SDREF to the stand, such that a new mill spring curve Mi t becomes operative to result in the desired gauge l-l being delivered from the roll stand and the gauge error GE is now removed.
  • the workpiece strip gauge error delivered by a given stand is in accordance with the roll force system relationship shown in above equation (8).
  • the exit gauge error leaving stand (N) for example, equals the sum of a first quantity, which is the difference between the presently measured screwdown position SD(N) and the initial lock on screwdown position L()SD(N), and a second quantity, which is the determined mill spring modulus K(N) times the difference between the presently measured roll separation force F(N) and the initial lock on roll force LOF(N).
  • the plasticity P(N) of a workpiece strip in relation to roll stand (N) of a rolling mill is a function of the strip width, temperature, gauge and hardness.
  • the plasticity P(N) for typical roll stand (N) must be accurately determined in order to remove and correct by screwdown adjustment at stand (N) the delivery gauge error it is desired to correct at stand (N).
  • the present control system including the digital computer is operative to calculate the plasticity of the workpiece strip at each roll stand every 0.2 second. Since the workpiece plasticity is a measure of the change in thickness caused by a compressive roll force, it is calculated by the following relationship:
  • G(I) is the delivery gauge leaving the first roll stand S(l) is the operating speed of the first roll stand G(N) is the gauge leaving stand (N) S(N) is stand (N) operating speed G(LS) is the last stand delivery gauge S(LS) is the last stand operating; speed.
  • the width of the workpiece strip passing through the roll stands of a tandem rolling mill is assumed to remain substantially constant for the purpose of the determination of workpiece plasticity for each stand of the rolling mill.
  • a portion of a tandem rolling mill including the last roll stand (LS), an earlier roll stand (N) and then a previous roll stand (N-l with the workpiece strip 15 moving in the direction indicated by the arrow.
  • the X-ray device 500 provides an X-ray gauge deviation in relation to absolute gauge error leaving stand (LS).
  • the desired gauge reference is added to the X-ray deviation such that the actual X-ray measured gauge XG(LS) is supplied to block 504.
  • the plasticity P(N) for stand (N) is calculated using above equation (17).
  • the exit gauge error G(N) leaving stand (N) is calculated in relation to above equation (5 with the understanding that block 506 includes a memory function such that the lock on values of the screwdown LOSD(N) and the roll force LOF(N) are remembered 'as required in this regard.
  • the typical AGC control program is written as a loop operation such that one set of coding processes all of the roll stands, and every time the program operates through the loop a calculation is made when appropriate for each of the roll stands in relation to the gauge 10 error and the plasticity determination for adjusting each roll stand screwdown position as desired to correct the delivery gauge error at that roll stand.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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US00303726A 1972-11-06 1972-11-06 Rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination Expired - Lifetime US3798941A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE793763D BE793763A (fr) 1972-11-06 Procede et appareil de commande de calibre de laminoir comprenant la determination de la plasticite
US00303726A US3798941A (en) 1972-11-06 1972-11-06 Rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination
AU50360/72A AU458830B2 (en) 1972-11-06 1972-12-21 Improvements in or relating to rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination
FR7300339A FR2205377B1 (en)) 1972-11-06 1973-01-05
JP12409073A JPS5340941B2 (en)) 1972-11-06 1973-11-06

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US00303726A US3798941A (en) 1972-11-06 1972-11-06 Rolling mill gauge control method and apparatus including plasticity determination

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JP (1) JPS5340941B2 (en))
AU (1) AU458830B2 (en))
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2836595A1 (de) * 1977-09-26 1979-03-29 Secim Courbevoie Fa Verfahren zur regelung der dicke eines flachen produkts waehrend des walzens und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0462408U (en)) * 1990-09-28 1992-05-28
CN1882787A (zh) 2003-11-14 2006-12-20 户津胜行 强度稳定型螺钉和螺丝刀头的组合及强度稳定型螺钉制造用冲头

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3574279A (en) * 1970-01-08 1971-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Predictive gauge control method and apparatus with automatic plasticity determination for metal rolling mills
US3574280A (en) * 1968-11-12 1971-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Predictive gauge control method and apparatus with adaptive plasticity determination for metal rolling mills

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA932432A (en) * 1968-02-02 1973-08-21 Andrew W. Smith, Jr. Predictive gauge control method and apparatus with automatic plasticity determination for metal rolling mills
FR2110418A1 (en) * 1970-10-14 1972-06-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Strip or plate caliber control - in metal rolling mills

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3574280A (en) * 1968-11-12 1971-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Predictive gauge control method and apparatus with adaptive plasticity determination for metal rolling mills
US3574279A (en) * 1970-01-08 1971-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Predictive gauge control method and apparatus with automatic plasticity determination for metal rolling mills

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2836595A1 (de) * 1977-09-26 1979-03-29 Secim Courbevoie Fa Verfahren zur regelung der dicke eines flachen produkts waehrend des walzens und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

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AU5036072A (en) 1974-06-27
FR2205377B1 (en)) 1978-03-03
JPS5340941B2 (en)) 1978-10-30
FR2205377A1 (en)) 1974-05-31
BE793763A (fr) 1973-07-09
AU458830B2 (en) 1975-01-20
JPS4978663A (en)) 1974-07-29

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