US3798391A - Movable magnet loudspeaker - Google Patents

Movable magnet loudspeaker Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798391A
US3798391A US00265250A US3798391DA US3798391A US 3798391 A US3798391 A US 3798391A US 00265250 A US00265250 A US 00265250A US 3798391D A US3798391D A US 3798391DA US 3798391 A US3798391 A US 3798391A
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United States
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
core
magnet
cobalt
coil
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00265250A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Parker
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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Publication of US3798391A publication Critical patent/US3798391A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
    • H04R11/02—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 52 US. Cl. 179/114 R, 179/117 A transducer device Such as a 10(Speaker 51 1m. 01 11041 11/02 Phone has the electrical Stationary with respect 58 Field of Search 179/114 R, 114 A, 115 R, the acoustic diaphragm
  • the diaphragm is e by 179/117 119 A, 1 15 A; 148/101, 31 R 3157 a movable permanent magnet which interacts with the field of the stationary electrical coil.
  • the preferred [56] References Cited permanent magnet is one having a high torque-toweight ratio with respect to an external field.
  • PATENTS 179/115 R halt-rare earth magnets are examples of such perma- O St et a t a t I 3,682,715 8/1972 Martin nen m gn 5 3076.062 1/1963 Fener .1 179/119 A 3 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDHAMS I974 3798.891
  • FIG-l 1151 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG-l 1151.
  • FIG.5 FIG-6 MOVABLE MAGNET LOUDSPEAKER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Transducers such as loudspeakers and microphones used for converting electrical energy into linear mechanical motion and vice versa have conventionally had a relatively large stationary permanent magnet coupled to interact with a movable electrical coil which is connected to a membrane or diaphragm so arranged that when the coil is moved it imparts a corresponding movement to the membrane or diaphragm and when the membrane or diaphragm is moved it imparts a corresponding movement to the coil.
  • the conventional transducer not only has engineering requirements which must be satisfied but also requires considerable manual adjustment and care during the course of manufacture. It is a labor-intensive component to manufacture.
  • This invention is directed broadly to an arrangement of parts in a transducer whereby a stationary electrical coil is coupled to interact with a movable permanent magnet to translate an electrical signal impressed on the coil into movement of the permanent magnet thereby converting the electrical signal into a mechanical motion.
  • the permanent magnet has a high torque-to-weight ratio with respect to the field of the electrical coil.
  • Cobalt-rare earth magnets are the preferred form of such permanent magnets.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transducer in accordance with this invention showing a transversely magnetized rectangular magnet element.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transducer providing axial magnetization wherein the permanent magnet is in the form of a ring which provides 360 magnetization.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified form of FIG. 2 in which the permanent magnet is comparable to a segment of the ring magnet of H6. 2 and is, in fact, a bar magnet.
  • the suspension system comprises a resilient pad between the permanent magnet and a steel pole piece.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transducer which provides 360 radial magnetization with a return path.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transducer similar to that of FIG. 4 except that there is no return path.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transducer in which a pair of coils exert push-pull axial magnetic force on a permanent magnet.
  • cobalt-rare earth magnets which are the preferred permanent magnets for use in this invention are of the type described in Becker US Pat. No. 3,501,358; Cech US. Pat. No. 3,625,779; and Benz US Pat. Nos. 3,655,463 and 3,655,464 which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the torque achievable in a cobalt-rare earth magnet per unit of mass is greater by a factor of approximately 10 than older permanent magnet materials such as alnico.
  • permanent magnet materials such as alnico.
  • rare earths elements 59-72
  • mischmetal mixtures of rare earths commonly available under the designation mischmetal can be alloyed with cobalt to produce satisfactory permanent magnets for use in the practice of this invention.
  • yttrium and cerium are included with the rare earth elements.
  • FIGS. 1-6 of the drawing illustrate typical arrangements of parts of the transducers of this invention.
  • a membrane or diaphragm 10 which is usually of circular configuration and which may be coneshaped, is physically connected to a permanent magnet 11 by means indicated by a line 12. Movement of the permanent magnet 11 will impart comparable movement to the diaphragm 10 and movement imparted to the diaphragm 10 will impart comparable movement to the permanent magnet 11.
  • the permanent magnet 11 is positioned to interact with any external magnetic field which may be produced by an electromagnet assembly consisting of a core 13 and coil 14 (FIGS. 1-4).
  • the polarity of the permanent magnets 11 is indicated by the letters N and S.
  • the magnet 11 is a bar magnet attached to a resilient pad 15 which is, in turn, mounted on a pole piece 16.
  • an electrical signal is fed to the coil 14 to produce a corresponding magnetic field which interacts with the permanent magnet 1 1.
  • This interaction with the permanent magnet 11 converts the electrical signal to a corresponding mechanical movement in the permanent magnet 11.
  • This movement is then transmitted to the diaphragm 10 which emits sound corresponding to the electrical signal introduced to the coil 14.
  • the diaphragm 10 When a transducer of this invention is used as a microphone the diaphragm 10 is caused to vibrate in tune with sound vibrations striking it. This sets up movement in the permanent magnet 11 which creates a corresponding magnetic field in the electromagnet assembly to create an electrical signal which leaves the transducer by way of the coil 14.
  • the present invention provides high interactions between the field of the permanent magnet 11 and the field of the electromagnetic assembly provided by the core 13 and coil 14.
  • larger tolerances between the permanent magnet 11 and core 13 are possible than is the case with moving coil dynamic speakers.
  • These tolerances improve the reliability of the transducer device with respect to time and considerably reduce the cost of manufacture of such devices.
  • the coil 14, being stationary is no longer limited as to weight. Consequently, it can be provided with a highimpedance winding and thereby eliminate the need for a coupling transformer.
  • a speaker built according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 gave comparable sound power output to a similar size dynamic moving coil speaker.
  • a device for converting an electrical signal into an acoustical sound output comprising a U-shaped core of magnetically permeable material, a stationary electrical coil around said core for the creation of an electromagnetic field, a pole piece mounted on each protruding end of said core, the pole pieces defining a gap between the protruding ends of said core, a resilient nonmetallic pad bridging said gap, and a movable permanent magnet positioned on said pad to interact with said electromagnetic field and move in response to the electrical field impressed upon said stationary electrical coil.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the permanent magnet is a cobalt-samarium magnet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
US00265250A 1972-06-22 1972-06-22 Movable magnet loudspeaker Expired - Lifetime US3798391A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26525072A 1972-06-22 1972-06-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3798391A true US3798391A (en) 1974-03-19

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ID=23009664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00265250A Expired - Lifetime US3798391A (en) 1972-06-22 1972-06-22 Movable magnet loudspeaker

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US3798391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (2) JPS5013027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR780000424B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE801293A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA963571A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH559993A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2326960C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES416111A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2202420B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1426391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HK (1) HK49477A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IE (1) IE37725B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT989118B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7308542A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE388103B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU583783A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237347A (en) * 1977-03-14 1980-12-02 Burundukov Valentin M Electrodynamic transducer with longitudinally moving magnet
EP0048434A1 (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-31 Electro-Magnetic Corporation Electro acoustic planar transducer
RU2189123C2 (ru) * 2000-04-07 2002-09-10 Комаров Владимир Владимирович Электродинамический преобразователь "комаг"
WO2004030407A3 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-11-25 Seiko Epson Corp Drive mechanism
CN107770685A (zh) * 2016-08-15 2018-03-06 纬创资通股份有限公司 扬声器
US10231057B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2019-03-12 Sound Fun Corporation Universal speaker
US20190268700A1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2019-08-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electroacoustic driver and related loudspeaker/sounder

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2507704C3 (de) * 1975-02-22 1980-07-24 Dr. Kuhn & Co Gmbh, 5000 Koeln Sprechhilfegerät für Kehlkopfoperierte
JPS5723994Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-12-03 1982-05-24
JPS5664514A (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-06-01 Dx Antenna Co Ltd Filter
DE3208678A1 (de) * 1982-03-10 1983-09-22 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Sprechanbahnungsgeraet
FR2549335B1 (fr) * 1983-07-13 1985-10-31 Corselli Laurent Haut-parleur a modulation magnetique
JPH0761193B2 (ja) * 1991-07-23 1995-06-28 ボディソニック株式会社 電気・機械振動変換器
US8295536B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2012-10-23 Bose Corporation Moving magnet levered loudspeaker
US8295537B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2012-10-23 Bose Corporation Loudspeaker moment and torque balancing
EP2736269A4 (en) * 2011-07-21 2015-02-18 C Eng Co Ltd SOUNDBREAKING SPEAKER WITH SELF-RESONANCE AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING THE SOUND-BLANK LOUDSPEAKER WITH SELF-RESONANCE
US9055370B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2015-06-09 Bose Corporation Vibration-reducing passive radiators

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110153A (en) * 1934-10-19 1938-03-08 Philips Nv Magnetic system
US2492255A (en) * 1944-12-26 1949-12-27 John O Angehrn Sealed-coil type vibratory magnet loudspeaker
DE1037510B (de) * 1957-01-09 1958-08-28 Johann Distler K G Elektromagnetischer Wandler
US3076062A (en) * 1959-10-30 1963-01-29 Dyna Magnetic Devices Inc Hearing-aid sound transducer
US3651283A (en) * 1968-12-18 1972-03-21 Audio Arts Inc Loudspeaker having elongated rectangular moving coil
US3682715A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-08-08 Gen Electric Sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic product including samarium and lanthanum and permanent magnets produced therefrom

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501358A (en) * 1967-08-30 1970-03-17 Gen Electric Method of making permanent magnet material powders having superior magnetic characteristics
DE1762107A1 (de) * 1968-04-08 1970-04-30 Lothar Kuhnert Rundlautsprecher
US3625779A (en) * 1969-08-21 1971-12-07 Gen Electric Reduction-fusion process for the production of rare earth intermetallic compounds
US3655463A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-04-11 Gen Electric Sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic process using solid sintering additive
US3655464A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-04-11 Gen Electric Process of preparing a liquid sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic product

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110153A (en) * 1934-10-19 1938-03-08 Philips Nv Magnetic system
US2492255A (en) * 1944-12-26 1949-12-27 John O Angehrn Sealed-coil type vibratory magnet loudspeaker
DE1037510B (de) * 1957-01-09 1958-08-28 Johann Distler K G Elektromagnetischer Wandler
US3076062A (en) * 1959-10-30 1963-01-29 Dyna Magnetic Devices Inc Hearing-aid sound transducer
US3651283A (en) * 1968-12-18 1972-03-21 Audio Arts Inc Loudspeaker having elongated rectangular moving coil
US3682715A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-08-08 Gen Electric Sintered cobalt-rare earth intermetallic product including samarium and lanthanum and permanent magnets produced therefrom

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237347A (en) * 1977-03-14 1980-12-02 Burundukov Valentin M Electrodynamic transducer with longitudinally moving magnet
EP0048434A1 (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-31 Electro-Magnetic Corporation Electro acoustic planar transducer
RU2189123C2 (ru) * 2000-04-07 2002-09-10 Комаров Владимир Владимирович Электродинамический преобразователь "комаг"
US8144380B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2012-03-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Drive mechanism
US20060028751A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2006-02-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Drive mechanism
CN1685760B (zh) * 2002-09-26 2011-04-13 精工爱普生株式会社 驱动机构
WO2004030407A3 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-11-25 Seiko Epson Corp Drive mechanism
US10231057B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2019-03-12 Sound Fun Corporation Universal speaker
CN107770685A (zh) * 2016-08-15 2018-03-06 纬创资通股份有限公司 扬声器
US10225661B2 (en) * 2016-08-15 2019-03-05 Wistron Corp. Loudspeaker
CN107770685B (zh) * 2016-08-15 2019-11-08 纬创资通股份有限公司 扬声器
US20190268700A1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2019-08-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electroacoustic driver and related loudspeaker/sounder
US11012785B2 (en) * 2016-11-18 2021-05-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electroacoustic driver and related loudspeaker/sounder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7308542A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-27
IE37725B1 (en) 1977-09-28
DE2326960A1 (de) 1974-01-10
JPS5013027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-10
FR2202420A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-03
IT989118B (it) 1975-05-20
SU583783A3 (ru) 1977-12-05
SE388103B (sv) 1976-09-20
FR2202420B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-04-18
JPS6019436Y2 (ja) 1985-06-11
DE2326960B2 (de) 1980-10-02
CH559993A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-13
IE37725L (en) 1973-12-22
KR780000424B1 (en) 1978-10-10
ES416111A1 (es) 1976-06-16
CA963571A (en) 1975-02-25
HK49477A (en) 1977-09-30
GB1426391A (en) 1976-02-25
BE801293A (fr) 1973-10-15
JPS5690099U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-07-18
DE2326960C3 (de) 1981-05-14

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