US3797936A - Electronic locking system - Google Patents

Electronic locking system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3797936A
US3797936A US00271251A US3797936DA US3797936A US 3797936 A US3797936 A US 3797936A US 00271251 A US00271251 A US 00271251A US 3797936D A US3797936D A US 3797936DA US 3797936 A US3797936 A US 3797936A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
key
opto
closure
light
locking arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00271251A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Dimitriadis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Computerized Security Systems Inc
Intertech Inc
Original Assignee
Intertech Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US3797936A publication Critical patent/US3797936A/en
Assigned to COMPUTERIZED SECURITY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATION, TROY, MICHIGAN, A CORP. OF reassignment COMPUTERIZED SECURITY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATION, TROY, MICHIGAN, A CORP. OF ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RADEX, INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF DE.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B49/00—Electric permutation locks; Circuits therefor ; Mechanical aspects of electronic locks; Mechanical keys therefor
    • E05B49/002—Keys with mechanical characteristics, e.g. notches, perforations, opaque marks
    • E05B49/006—Keys with mechanical characteristics, e.g. notches, perforations, opaque marks actuating opto-electronic devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S70/00—Locks
    • Y10S70/51—Light sensitive control means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic locking system that can be easily installed in an entry door and that achieves a security level not possible in traditional mechanical or electromechanical locking systems.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an opto-electronic locking device which utilizes a serial decoding method.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic locking system which has an easy interface with-a security system.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an epic-electronic locking device which makes use of a parallel decoding method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic locking system which has a pick proof optoelectronic operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic locking system which is provided with corresponding matrix codes on the key and the hidden interior duplicate in the door so that when the correct key is inserted in the electronic locking system, a solenoid is activated which in turn opens the lock.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an electronic locking system in which the codes can be changed easily and inexpensively.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic lock in which the insertion of the wrong key or tampering with the lock can be easily detected, and either an audible or silent alarm activated.
  • FIG. '1 is a front elevational view of a key having a matrix code thereon which has been constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • F IG. 2 is a perspective diagrammatic view of the electronic locking system having a serial decoding arrangement
  • v FIG. 3 is a perspective diagrammatic view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention in which the electronic locking system is shown provided with a parallel decoding arrangement.
  • the electronic locking system of the present invention utilizes a key which is a simple flat support having a prearranged matrix code 12, as seen in FIG. 1.
  • the key has a suitable optical filter coating on the matrix which prevents direct readout of the prearranged code by any person intending to copy the code.
  • the key 10 as seen in FIG. 2, is inserted, for example in a door D in which light sources is and 16 are shown that illuminate the key 10. The latter is responsive to light, and according to the prearranged code. segments thereof are either transparent or non-transparent to light thereby forming a predetermined pattern.
  • a duplicate coded flat plate 18 Spaced from the key 10 is a duplicate coded flat plate 18 which is separated from the key 10 by a separator 20 that serves two functions, i.e., to transmit the linear motion of the key 10 to the duplicate plate 18. and to function as a mechanical barrier between the external and internal sections of the lock.
  • the duplicate plate 18 is spring biased to normally return the plate lg to its forward position after it has been pushed rearwardly or into the interior of the door.
  • each of the sensors 26 and 28 is provided with a column of light detectors 22 and 24 which is equal in number to the number of rows in the matrix code on both the key 10 and the duplicate plate 18.
  • the detectors 22 and 24 are of the opto-electronic type in that they translate light levels into electrical signals'. Although photo-transistors are contemplated for use in the present system, other suitable detectors may be used, such as photovoltaic cells or photo resistors.
  • Both the key 10 and the'duplicate plate 18 are illuminated by the light sources 14 and 16 that are located adjacent thereto and light transmission by transparency is the mode utilized. However, it should be understood that the reflective mode of light transmission may be employed within the principles of the present invention. It should be noted that the light sources 14 and 16 are activated only by the contacts a and b of micro switch 32. Thus, the light sources are only activated during operation of the lock which significantly increases the life of the light sources. It should be apparent from FIG. 2 that as the key W is inserted and moves linearly across the sensor 26, the plate 18 moves simultaneously across the sensor 28. The outputs of the detectors 22 and 24 are fed into a comparator 25.
  • the comparator 25 is an electronic logic device which compares each corresponding bit of the output of the detector 22 from the key 10 and the output of the detector 24 from the duplicate plate 18.
  • the output of the comparator 25 is a logical true when the corresponding inputs from the key 10 and the duplicate plate 18 have identical logical values, that is, both have the same pattern on the matrix code.
  • the output of the comparator 25 becomes a logical false when the corresponding inputs from the key 10 and the duplicate plate 18 are not identical. Thereafter, the output of the comparator 25 is fed into the AND gate 30.
  • There are four other auxiliary inputs into the AND gate 30 which clear the flip flop 31 under certain conditions.
  • First auxiliary conditional input into the AND gate 30 is from the light source 16 through the detector 17 and the amplifier 19 into the d input of the AND gate 30.
  • the purpose of this input is to prevent false comparison of the key 10 and the duplicate plate 18 due to light source failure. If no light is present at the source 16, then the output of amplifier M will be logical-false which will clear the flip flop.
  • the second auxiliary conditional input is from the antenna 37 and inverter arriplifier 35 into the input 0 of the gate 30.
  • the purpose 3 of this circuit is to prevent false true setting of the flip flop 31 due to electrical noise.
  • the inputsa and e into the clear AND gate 30 are used to reset the flip flop 31 after the lock has operated.
  • the flip flop is initially set at a logical true by means of a micro switch 32 and the duplicate plate 18 operates the micro switch 32 at the beginning of the insertion of the key into the lock assembly in the door D.
  • the output of the flip flop 31 is fed into the AND circuit 34.
  • the second input into the AND circuit 34 is from the micro switch 33.
  • the micro switch 33 is operated by the duplicate plate :18 and its output becomes a logical true following the full insertion of the key 10 into the lock. Accordingly, the
  • the output of the AND circuit 34 is thereafter fed into a driver circuit 36 which in turn activates a solenoid 38.
  • the latter opens a lock 40 when activated.
  • the solenoid 38 will only become operative when the, two inputs into the AND circuit 34 are logicaltrue which occurs only when two basic con-v ditions are met, i.e., the key 10 and theduplicate plate 18 have the same pattern and the key 10 has been fully inserted in the lock so that a complete optical reading can be achieved.
  • there are two other auxiliary conditions which have to be met for the lock to operate i.e., the light source 16 must be operative during insertion of the key 10 and the inverter amplifier 35 must not sense electrical noise.
  • the auxiliary conditions to be met by the present invention eliminates erroneous operation of the lock due to false comparison of the matrix codes of the key 10 and 'the duplicate plate 18 because of light source failure. and also false operation of the lock due to the pickup by the system of certain electrical noise.
  • the flip flop 31 is cleared through either amplifier 19 or amplifier 35 and the AND gate 30. When the flip flop 31 clears, the lock will not operate.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 is a serial decoding electronic lock and must be put in the reset condition after each unlocking operation.
  • the reset condition for the sequential logic ofthe serial decoding lock is achieved by two operations as follows: The first one being the operation of the solenoid '38 after the proper key is inserted, which activates the micro switch 37.
  • the micro switch 37 when activated, grounds the e input of the ANDgate 30 which in turn clears the flip flop 31.
  • the second operation is due to the duplicate 18 beingspring returned to its original place when the key is taken out.
  • the micro switch 32 will be deactivated when the duplicate 18 is at its initial position.
  • the contact N. C; on the micro switch 32 will then put a ground clear signal into the a input of the AND gate 30 which in turn clears the flip flop 31.
  • This second clear signal is used as a continuous reset condition until the key is inserted again.
  • the first reset signal from the solenoid 38 through the micro switch 37 will be momentary during opening of the lock.
  • a sensor block 42 not sequentially as the system shown in FIG. 1, by a sensor block 42.
  • the key 10 is shown illuminated by a light source 44.
  • the light source 44 is activated by the micro switch 43 when the key 10 is inserted.
  • the source 44 therefore is only on during operation of the lock which significantly increases the life rating of light murce 44.
  • the sensor block 42 is further shown being provided with a plurality of light guides 46 foreach code area on the key 10. For-reasons of clarity, only a part of the light guides 46 are illustrated.
  • the light guides 46 are fed into two separate detector banks 48 and 50, the former being a logical true detector bank and the latter being a logical false detector bank.
  • All the light guides 46 opposite transparent coded areas of the key 10 are fed into the logical true detector bank 48 while all of the light guides 46 opposite non-transparent coded areas of the key 10 are fed into the logical false detector bank 50.
  • Both of the aforesaid detector banks 48 and 50 are composed of light detectors which translate light levels into electrical signals.
  • the output of the logical true bank 48 is thereafter fed into the AND circuit 52 while the output of the logical false bank 50 is fed into the logical NOR circuit 54. Subsequently, the output of the logical AND circuit 52 and the output ofthe logical NOR circuit is fed into the logical AND circuit 56.
  • the logical expression for the output of the AND circuit 56 is as follows:
  • light detectors 22 and 24 are shown directly opposite the light sources 14 and 16 it is within the scope of the present invention to provide suitable optical transmission mediums, such as light guides, for example, fiber optics, lenses, mirrors, and the like that can be utilized to transmit the code informationfrom the key 10, and the duplicate plate 18 to the detectors 22 and 2d, respectively. Utilization of such optical components as described above allows the detectors 22 and 24 to be placed at any location desired rather than directly opposite the light sources 14 and 16.
  • the power source for the electrical components of the present lock can be any type, such as a line operating source, batteries, or any combination of these which are suitable for my novel locking system.
  • micro switches are illustrated herein, it is to be understood that other types of means may be employed within the scope of the teachings of the present invention, which translate mechanical positional or orientation information into electrical signals, such as magnetic reed switches, opto-electronic switcheS, proximity switches, and any other suitable switching mechanisms.
  • An opto-electronic locking arrangement for a closure having a locking bolt comprising an optically encoded key, an identically optically encoded element in said closure and hidden from view, at least one light source for irradiating said key and said element whereby a matrix code is formed having predetermined light levels, a separate light sensor for said key and said element whereby said light levels obtained therefrom are converted to electrical signals, a linearly movable separator positioned between said key and said element whereby when said key is inserted in said closure and moved past one light sensor said separator is engaged and moved which in turnmoves said element in a linear direction past the other light sensor, a comparator device for comaring the output of the electric signals from said key to the output of said electric signals from said element, a locking solenoid for said locking bolt, an electronic circuit connecting said comparator device with said locking solenoid including an AND gate whereby when the electric signals derived from said key and said element at said AND gate are identical said locking solenoid is activated to unlock said locking bolt.
  • each of said light sensors is provided with a column of light detectors corresponding in numbers to the number of rows in said matrix code on both said key and said element.
  • An opto-electronic locking arrangement as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a flip flop device in said electronic circuit which receives the output of said comparator device, a micro switch for setting said flip flop device at a logical true, and the output of said flip flop device being fed into said AND gate.
  • An opto-electronic locking arrangement for a closure as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the logical expression of the output of the AND Circuit is t t r) l' l') where 0,, b,, 0,, d, are derived-from logical true areas of the key and a,, b,, c,, d, are derivedfrom logical false areas of the key 7.
  • An opto-electronic locking arrangement for a closure as claimed in claim 1 further provided with means for activating said light source only when said key is inserted in said locking arrangement.
  • An opto-electronic locking arrangement for a closure as claimed in claim 3 further provided with a first means which clears the flip flop device if the light source is not operative, and a second means which clears the flip flop device if certain electrical noise is picked up by the locking arrangement.

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  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
US00271251A 1972-07-13 1972-07-13 Electronic locking system Expired - Lifetime US3797936A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27125172A 1972-07-13 1972-07-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3797936A true US3797936A (en) 1974-03-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00271251A Expired - Lifetime US3797936A (en) 1972-07-13 1972-07-13 Electronic locking system

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US (1) US3797936A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4952100A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA987017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2335830A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301661A1 (fr) * 1975-02-18 1976-09-17 Masanet Martinez Serrure optico-electronique
US4079605A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-03-21 Schlage Lock Company Optical key reader for door locks
US4142387A (en) * 1976-11-19 1979-03-06 Bergkvist Lars A Identification device
US4177657A (en) * 1976-04-16 1979-12-11 Kadex, Inc. Electronic lock system
US4411144A (en) * 1976-04-16 1983-10-25 Kadex, Inc. Electronic lock system
US4415893A (en) * 1978-06-27 1983-11-15 All-Lock Electronics, Inc. Door control system
US4534194A (en) * 1981-03-16 1985-08-13 Kadex, Incorporated Electronic lock system
US4721956A (en) * 1983-09-12 1988-01-26 Demster Stanley J Apparatus for converting key topography into electrical signals to effect key evaluation
US4858453A (en) * 1986-12-06 1989-08-22 Kokusan Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Car anti-theft device
US5184491A (en) * 1989-07-21 1993-02-09 Theodor Kromer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spezialfabrik Fur Sicherheitsschlosser Combination lock with motor-driven tumblers
US5219386A (en) * 1988-05-06 1993-06-15 Keba Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Locker unit comprising a plurality of lockers
US5283431A (en) * 1992-02-04 1994-02-01 Rhine Raymond J Optical key security access system
US5517299A (en) * 1993-03-19 1996-05-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for examining key plates
US5552777A (en) * 1992-02-14 1996-09-03 Security People, Inc. Mechanical/electronic lock and key
US5633975A (en) * 1995-11-14 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Security system responsive to optical fiber having Bragg grating
US6000609A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-12-14 Security People, Inc. Mechanical/electronic lock and key therefor
US6437316B1 (en) 1996-11-04 2002-08-20 Oridion Medical Ltd. Fluid analyzer with tube connector verifier
US6552650B1 (en) 1992-02-14 2003-04-22 Asil T. Gokcebay Coin collection lock and key
US6564601B2 (en) 1995-09-29 2003-05-20 Hyatt Jr Richard G Electromechanical cylinder plug
US20040035160A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2004-02-26 Glenn Meekma Radio frequency electronic lock
WO2006012459A3 (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-03-16 Stanton Concepts Inc Tool operated combination lock
US7397343B1 (en) * 1992-02-14 2008-07-08 Security People, Inc. Conventional mechanical lock cylinders and keys with electronic access control feature
US9133646B1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-09-15 Uap Limited Lock decoders
US10400475B2 (en) * 2015-12-01 2019-09-03 Schlage Lock Company Llc Systems and methods for key recognition

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5291392U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-12-27 1977-07-07
JPS5430896U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-28
DE2815462C2 (de) * 1978-04-10 1981-09-24 Control Commerce AG, Ilanz, Graubünden Anordnung zum unterschiedlichen Betätigen von Schließ- und/oder sonstigen Auswerteeinrichtungen durch optische Signale
US4496948A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-01-29 Ken Ishizuka System for initiating the operation of an electronically-operated _device
FR2560919B1 (fr) * 1984-02-20 1988-09-30 Radosavljevic Milenko Serrure a codeurs optoelectroniques

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2936607A (en) * 1957-06-19 1960-05-17 Watrous A Nielsen Lock apparatus
US3029345A (en) * 1958-07-25 1962-04-10 David W Douglas Electronic key-card system
US3201961A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-08-24 Finger Keys Inc Control device
US3566085A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-02-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Photoelectric reading apparatus
US3612888A (en) * 1968-07-10 1971-10-12 Sanders Associates Inc Information media reading apparatus
US3619060A (en) * 1968-11-19 1971-11-09 Joseph E Johnson Identification device
US3639906A (en) * 1968-10-14 1972-02-01 Peter R Tritsch Key identification system having key code control
US3645626A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-02-29 Ibm Apparatus for detecting defects by optical scanning

Family Cites Families (1)

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DE2438230A1 (de) * 1974-08-08 1976-02-19 Siemens Ag Kommutatorloser drehzahlstellbarer antrieb

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2936607A (en) * 1957-06-19 1960-05-17 Watrous A Nielsen Lock apparatus
US3029345A (en) * 1958-07-25 1962-04-10 David W Douglas Electronic key-card system
US3201961A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-08-24 Finger Keys Inc Control device
US3566085A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-02-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Photoelectric reading apparatus
US3612888A (en) * 1968-07-10 1971-10-12 Sanders Associates Inc Information media reading apparatus
US3639906A (en) * 1968-10-14 1972-02-01 Peter R Tritsch Key identification system having key code control
US3619060A (en) * 1968-11-19 1971-11-09 Joseph E Johnson Identification device
US3645626A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-02-29 Ibm Apparatus for detecting defects by optical scanning

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2301661A1 (fr) * 1975-02-18 1976-09-17 Masanet Martinez Serrure optico-electronique
US4177657A (en) * 1976-04-16 1979-12-11 Kadex, Inc. Electronic lock system
US4411144A (en) * 1976-04-16 1983-10-25 Kadex, Inc. Electronic lock system
US4079605A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-03-21 Schlage Lock Company Optical key reader for door locks
US4142387A (en) * 1976-11-19 1979-03-06 Bergkvist Lars A Identification device
US4415893A (en) * 1978-06-27 1983-11-15 All-Lock Electronics, Inc. Door control system
US4534194A (en) * 1981-03-16 1985-08-13 Kadex, Incorporated Electronic lock system
US4721956A (en) * 1983-09-12 1988-01-26 Demster Stanley J Apparatus for converting key topography into electrical signals to effect key evaluation
US4858453A (en) * 1986-12-06 1989-08-22 Kokusan Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Car anti-theft device
US5219386A (en) * 1988-05-06 1993-06-15 Keba Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Locker unit comprising a plurality of lockers
US5184491A (en) * 1989-07-21 1993-02-09 Theodor Kromer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spezialfabrik Fur Sicherheitsschlosser Combination lock with motor-driven tumblers
US5283431A (en) * 1992-02-04 1994-02-01 Rhine Raymond J Optical key security access system
US5552777A (en) * 1992-02-14 1996-09-03 Security People, Inc. Mechanical/electronic lock and key
US6552650B1 (en) 1992-02-14 2003-04-22 Asil T. Gokcebay Coin collection lock and key
US7397343B1 (en) * 1992-02-14 2008-07-08 Security People, Inc. Conventional mechanical lock cylinders and keys with electronic access control feature
US6927670B1 (en) 1992-02-14 2005-08-09 Security People, Inc. Conventional mechanical lock cylinders and keys with electronic access control feature
US5517299A (en) * 1993-03-19 1996-05-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for examining key plates
US20070289346A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 2007-12-20 Hyatt Richard G Jr Electromechanical cylinder plug
US8141399B2 (en) 1995-09-29 2012-03-27 Hyatt Jr Richard G Electromechanical cylinder plug
US8122746B2 (en) 1995-09-29 2012-02-28 Hyatt Jr Richard G Electromechanical cylinder plug
US6564601B2 (en) 1995-09-29 2003-05-20 Hyatt Jr Richard G Electromechanical cylinder plug
US5633975A (en) * 1995-11-14 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Security system responsive to optical fiber having Bragg grating
US6437316B1 (en) 1996-11-04 2002-08-20 Oridion Medical Ltd. Fluid analyzer with tube connector verifier
US6000609A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-12-14 Security People, Inc. Mechanical/electronic lock and key therefor
US7334443B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2008-02-26 Master Lock Company Llc Radio frequency electronic lock
US20040035160A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2004-02-26 Glenn Meekma Radio frequency electronic lock
WO2006012459A3 (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-03-16 Stanton Concepts Inc Tool operated combination lock
US9133646B1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-09-15 Uap Limited Lock decoders
US10400475B2 (en) * 2015-12-01 2019-09-03 Schlage Lock Company Llc Systems and methods for key recognition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2335830A1 (de) 1974-01-31
JPS4952100A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-21
CA987017A (en) 1976-04-06

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