US3796884A - Thermographic plate - Google Patents

Thermographic plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US3796884A
US3796884A US00190384A US3796884DA US3796884A US 3796884 A US3796884 A US 3796884A US 00190384 A US00190384 A US 00190384A US 3796884D A US3796884D A US 3796884DA US 3796884 A US3796884 A US 3796884A
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layer
thermographic
plate
latex
sensitive layer
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US00190384A
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J Tricoire
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
    • G01K11/16—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of organic materials
    • G01K11/165—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of organic materials of organic liquid crystals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A61B5/015—By temperature mapping of body part

Definitions

  • thermographic plate is Oct. 20, 1970 France 70.37758 disclosed, wherein a sensitive layer comprised of liquid crystals, is associated to a heat guiding layer made [52] US Cl /31 /160 LC of latex and producing a screen effect perpendicularly [51] Int. Cl B4111 5/00 to said sensitive layer.
  • the thermographic plate is used Field 0f Search-ml 250/ 350/160 LC for diagnosis of several cutaneous and subcutaneous affections.
  • thermo- [56] References Cited graphic plate itself as well as to thermographic record- UNITED STATES PATENTS ing device comprising said thermographic plate and a 3,585,381 6/1971 Hodson 250/47 f an adjustable distance said plate 3,440,882 4/1969 Jones 73/356 11th a Photograph? camera- 3,6l9,599 11/1952 Smith 250/50' 3,533,399 10/1970 Goldberg 73/356 22 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures PATENIEU MR 12 i974 SHEET 2 [IF 3 THERMOGRAPHIC PLATE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
  • the present invention generally relates to thermographic surveys and more particularly application of thermography to the diagnosis of several cutaneous or subcutaneous affections such as malignant tumours or stoppage of some blood-vessels.
  • a classic method of diagnosis of these affections consists of measuring the cutaneous or subcutaneous temperatures of the interested areas.
  • Such a measure may be effected in an exact and direct manner by means of the conventional thermometry, for instance with the aid of thermometres, thermocouples or thermistors.
  • thermographic map of a certain area it is difficult under these conditions to plot in a sufficiently detailed way the general thermographic map of a certain area.
  • thermographic maps By means of infrared cameras.
  • these apparatus are extremely expensive, the thermographic maps they allow to obtain are not sufficiently sharp to be satisfactory and the time required for their establishment is relatively long.
  • the main object of the present invention is that of removing the above mentioned drawbacks in a general way.
  • thermographic plate of any size suitable for the test to be effected, allowing to obtain any desired thermographic survey in an economic and about immediate way.
  • liquid crystals are particles with a molecular orientation variable according to temperature. The light is being polarized at any reflection on these liquid crystals and then they show to the observer a dichroism which is characteristic of their temperature.
  • liquid crystals are presently known under two different types of preparation, namely in a free chloroformic solution or encapsulated into gelatine.
  • the liquid crystals in free chloroformic solution show as main inconvenience that of having an extremely short life when exposed to free air; in the range of 5-10 minutes theyare oxidized and are no more able to show any dichroism.
  • the obtained images or surveys are relatively fuzzy and the cause of this may be ascribed to a heat diffusion both laterally and transversely in the layer of liquid crystals.
  • thermography the gelatine encapsulated liquid crystals, which are mostly suspended in latex; encapsulation of liquid crystals avoids that they oxidize in free air.
  • thermographic plates comprising a flexible support layer and a layer of liquid crystals associated to a latex layer.
  • experience shows that images or surveys obtained by such thermographic plates have the same evanescence inconveniences of those obtained by painting liquid crystal in chloroformic solution.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to obtain sharp thermographic images or surveys.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that latex, applied under particular conditions, may allow obtainment of a screen effect capable of being used to prevent the lateral heat diffusion, which is, as above mentioned, the main ground of the inopportune fuzziness of the thermographic images obtained with the hitherto known thermographic plates.
  • thermographic plate characterized by the fact that to a sensitive layer comprised of liquid crystals, a heat guiding layer is associated, showing a screen effect perpendicularly to said sensitive layer, either if said heat guiding layer is formed by depositing only one layer of a heat reticulable latex, or if it is formed by sequential deposits of a plurality of little discrete layers of latex paint each having a thickness lower than 50 microns.
  • the present invention also relates to a thermographic plate so obtained, having a support layer, a heat guiding layer and a sensitive layer.
  • the heat guiding layer advantageously forms a sort of oriented screen for the heat to be transmitted to the sensitive layer, opposing the lateral diffusion of said heat which is affecting the sharpness of the obtained images, as already mentioned.
  • this heat guiding layer is arranged between the support and the sensitive layer, or on the side of the support layer opposite the sensitive layer.
  • the heat guiding layer itself forms the support layer and/or the liquid crystals of the sensitive layer are directly dispersed in the heat guiding layer, which in this case is itself the sensitive layer.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention may have very variable sizes, going from those of a simple tablet allowing a point observation of a doubtful area up to those e.g., of a large sized sheet of paper capable of being applied as a whole to a relatively extended doubtful area.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention is preferably supported by a flexible r rigid frame or fixed at its periphery to a transparent plate defining together with the thermographic plate an inflatable sealed space.
  • the present invention further relates to a thermographic recording assembly comprising said thermographic plate, an arm fixed preferably in a removable way to the plate or the plate supporting frame, said arm being provided with means allowing to fasten at an adjustable distance a photographic camera.
  • said assembly may also comprise said photographic camera, preferably provided with a flash lamp, allowing to take photographs of the thermographic surveys obtained by means of the associated plate.
  • thermographic surveys obtained by the present invention are therefore particularly economical.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned view on a very enlarged scale of a thermographic plate according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 and relating to a variant
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a possible embodiment of a thermographic plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view, with a portion taken away, of another possible embodiment of the plate
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a recording assembly associated with such a plate
  • FIG. 6 and 7 are perspective views showing other embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the application of the present invention for carrying out a thermographic plate comprising several juxtaposed sensitive layers;
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrammatic sections showing a possible interpretation of the function of the heat guiding layer, characterizing a thermographic plate according to the present invention.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention comprises the sequence of a support layer 10, a heat guiding layer 11 and a sensitive layer 12.
  • the heat guiding layer is arranged between the upport layer 10 and the sensitive layer 12.
  • the heat guiding layer 11 and the sensitive layer 12 are arranged at the opposite sides of the support layer 10.
  • the support layer 10 is preferably formed by a thin not coloured sheet of a product marketed under the trade mark MYLAR. As it is known, this is a film of the ethylene glycol terephtalate. Its thickness is preferably under 0.1 mm and is for instance in the order of that of a sheet of paper, that is in the range of four hundredths to six hundredths of a millimetre.
  • the heat guiding layer is preferably made of a latex.
  • a latex is a sole layer of a styrene-butadiene copolymer heat reticulable at 150C and preferably black painted.
  • it may also consist of a latex paint available on the market, opaque and naturally black painted, of the kind of those marketed in aerosol form for instance under the trade marks KRYLON, NOVEMAIL, ASTRAL-JET,” CORO-SPRAY” or RIPO-MAT.
  • the layer 11 is obtained by sequential deposits of several little discrete layers, for example from four to eight layers of such a paint.
  • the thickness of the heat guiding layer 1 1 is varied according to the requirements and it is preferably greater than one-tenth mm and for instance is in the range of two tenth mm.
  • the sensitive layer 12 comprises liquid crystals encapsulated in gelatine, dispersed in a latex. Its thickness is variable according to the requirements and may reach three tenth to four tenth mm; however a thickness of two tenth mm is generally proper.
  • the application of such a sensitive layer may be effected by means of a coating machine or of a glass rod moved in contact with two bands laterally arranged at a distance from one another and forming the cross bars.
  • the heat guiding layer 11 may act itself as the support layer, and in this case the support layer 10 is no more required. If the sensitive layer 12 has a sufficient latex thickness, it may likewise act itself as heat guiding layer, so that in this latter case the layer 11 is no more required.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention is used applying it against the area to be surveyed with its side being farther from the sensitive layer 12.
  • this application is done through the free side of the support layer 10, while in the embodiment of FIG. 2 it is done through the free side of the heat guiding layer 11.
  • the heat diffused from the observed area must therefore cross the heat guiding layer 11. This promotes a transversal diffusion of said heat according to the arrows 15 of FIGS. 1 and 2, opposing a lateral or longitudinal diffusion of the heat.
  • FIG. 9A is a sectional view only of the heat guiding layer 11 according to the instant invention, when this layer isformed by a sole layer of heat reticulable latex; in this case such a layer comprises a superposition of squared lattices of molecules 100, and the heat reticulation leads to the formation of bridges both between molecules of the same lattice (bridges 101) and between molecules 100 of two subsequent lattices (bridges 102).
  • said bridges are forming, according to the arrows 103, free passages between the molecules perpendicularly to the plane of their lattices, oppsing a lateral diffusion of heat in the plane of said lattices.
  • FIG. 9B relates to the case in which the layer 11 is formed by a'sequence of cold spread little discrete layers 104.
  • the layer 11 is formed by a'sequence of cold spread little discrete layers 104.
  • a maximum thickness of 50 microns seems to be convenient for each discrete little layer, the term monomolecular having to be considered in a very broad sense.
  • spraying technique is not all limiting the invention, since any process or application may be convenient provided that it leads to very thin and preferably monomolecular discrete layers.
  • the sensitive layer 12 of a plate according to the present invention is normally black or violet at a normal temperature chosen as a reference temperature; when the temperature of the sensitive layer 12 exceeds the reference temperature for a fixed amount, this sen-. sitive layer clearly changes to red.
  • This amount or value, defining the sensitivity range of the layer is preferably narrow and for instance is in the order from 1 to 15 centrigrade. Practically, the useful range of liquid crystals presently available goes from the so-called red 27 to red 37. The plates mostly used will be those coated with red 33.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention may be used as such, with dimensions in the range e.g., of one centimetre or some centimetres for an almost point-to-point observation of a doubtful area.
  • a tablet 16 useful for such an observation, for instance to show a stopped up bloodvessel, thus for surveying e.g., phlebitis.
  • the side of application of the tablet will be preferably self-sticking.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention may be also supported by a frame 17, such as that shown in FIG. 4, particularly when said plate has relatively big dimensions; in FIG. 4 as an example a rectangular plate is shown, having each side from to cm long.
  • Frame 17 may be semirigid or flexible, for instance made of strong cardboard or light metal, so as to allow an easy bending of the plate born by said frame, thus a better application thereof to the surveyed area.
  • Frame 17 may also be rigid, made of wood or transparent synthetic material, e.g., opaque resin.
  • Frame 17 may advantageously cooperate, according to the another aspect of the present invention, to carry out a thermographic recording assembly, such as that diagrammatically shown in FIG. 5.
  • a thermographic recording assembly such as that diagrammatically shown in FIG. 5.
  • an assembly comprises an arm 20 having at one end a forked mount 21 provided with lugs 22, 22 for engaging threaded pins 23, 23 fixed to the frame 17 and designed for cooperating with wing nuts 24, 24. This arrangement allows rapid and removable fastening of arm 20 to frame 17.
  • arm 20 At its free end arm 20 has a hole 25. This allows to fasten to the arm 20, by means of a knurled nut 26 and at an adjustable distance from the plate born by frame 17, a photographic camera 27 of any suitable type.
  • This photographic camera 27 preferably comprises a flash lamp 28 oriented according to its optical axis.
  • the arm 20 may have any proper length for instance in the range from 30 to 60 centimetres. It is to be understood that said arm 20 may be associated to different thermographic plates made according to the pres ent invention, and the photographic camera 27 associated with this arm may be adjusted in advance to a precise distance corresponding to the lenght of said arm.
  • thermographic plate according to the present invention may be also associated to any working instrument.
  • a plate according to the present invention may for instance be born in the curved zone 31 of a retractor 32 made of synthetic transparent material.
  • Such a plate is also particularly useful for instance to survey vascular tracts.
  • plates of little sizes must be fixed to little rings mounted on rods forming probes (not shown).
  • Flg. 7 diagrammatically shows another modified embodiment useful for surveying anfractuous surfaces.
  • a plate 35 according to the present invention is fixed at its periphery 36 to a plain transparent plate 37 and together with it forms a sealed volume 38 which may be inflated through a valve 39.
  • the plate 35 this term being here to be interpreted in a broad sense going beyond the concept of planar condition generally associated with the term plate, is made of transparent synthetic material. On its inner surface there are liquid crystals applied in suspension in an elastic polymer.
  • FIG. 8 which may be used alone or jointly with any of the preceding embodiments, several sensitive layers, for instance three layers 12, 12, 12 are juxtaposed as parallel strips on the same support layer 10 with the interposition (preferably but not necessarily) of a common heat guiding layer which cannot be seen on the figure.
  • the width of these bands or layers 12, l2, 12" is in the range of 0.5 1 cm, and these layers comprise liquid crystals having as a normal reference temperature, values different from one another, offset between each other for instance of 15 C.
  • the present invention is not limited to the described and illustrated embodiments, but comprises also any variant, more particularly as to the nature of the material forming the support layer which could be of the material marketed under the trade name cellophane, of paper or of any of the materials used for manufacturing magnetic tapes.
  • this support layer will be preferably very thin in order to avoid a lateral heat diffusion, and will be preferably a good heat conductor so as to avoid a too long permanence of the dichronic images obtained.
  • the sensitive layer 12 is preferably lacking of any surface protective coating, and more particularly of any brilliant coating. The layer is advantageously opaque, thus avoiding any inopportune reflection during the photographic recording, more particulary when using flash lamp.
  • thermographic plate comprising: providing a sensitive layer composed of liquid crystals; and disposing in heat conductive association with said sensitive layer means for guiding heat energy incident thereon in a direction perpendicular to said sensitive layer and for opposing diffusion of such heat in directions parallel to said sensitive layer, said means being constituted by a layer of latex.
  • step of disposing is carried out by depositing only one layer of heat reticulable latex on the sensitive layer, and heating the latex layer sufficiently to give it a reticulated structure.
  • a process according to claim 1, wherein said step of disposing is carried out by sequentially depositing a plurality of discrete layers of latex paint, each having a thickness of less than 50 microns.
  • thermographic plate comprising, in combination a sensitive layer composed of liquid crystals; means disposed in heat conductive association with said sensitive layer for guiding heat energy incident thereon in a direction perpendicular to said sensitive layer and for opposing the diffusion of such heat in directions parallel to said sensitive layer, said means being constituted by a layer of latex.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 further comprising a flexible support layer and wherein said layer of latex is disposed between said sensitive layer and said flexible support layer.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 further comprising a flexible support layer and wherein said layer of latex and said sensitive layer are arranged on respectively opposite sides of said flexible support layer.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 wherein said layer of latex forms a support layer.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 wherein the liquid crystals are dispersed in said layer which of latex forms said sensitive layer.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 wherein said layer of latex is a single layer of a heatreticulated latex.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 wherein said layer of latex is composed of a plurality of discrete layers of black latex paint each having a thickness of less than 50 microns.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 13 wherein said plate has a self-sticking side.
  • thermographic plate according to claim 5 further comprising a support layer and wherein there is a plurality of sensitive layers which are different from one another and which are associated with said support layer.
  • thermographic plate as defined in claim 5 and a support instrument in which said plate is mounted.
  • a medical device wherein said support instrument is a probe.
  • a medical device wherein said support instrument is a retractor.
  • thermographic plate is fixed at its periphery to said transport plate to form therewith an inflatable unit presenting a sealed space between said thermographic plate and said transport plate, and further comprising a valve connected to communicate with said space for enabling said unit to be inflated.
  • a medical device wherein said support instrument is a peripheral frame.
  • a medical device further comprising a fixed arm on which said support instrument is removably mounted, said arm being provided with means for mounting a photographic camera at adjustable distances from the thermographic plate.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US00190384A 1970-10-20 1971-10-18 Thermographic plate Expired - Lifetime US3796884A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7037758A FR2110505A5 (nl) 1970-10-20 1970-10-20
AU41697/72A AU471693B2 (en) 1970-10-20 1972-04-28 Thermographic recording device

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US3796884A true US3796884A (en) 1974-03-12

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US (1) US3796884A (nl)
AU (2) AU471693B2 (nl)
BE (1) BE782905A (nl)
CH (1) CH540785A (nl)
DE (1) DE2152277A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2110505A5 (nl)
GB (2) GB1376611A (nl)
NL (1) NL7114407A (nl)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4132464A (en) * 1976-02-06 1979-01-02 Hideki Ishii Liquid crystal device
US4217373A (en) * 1975-08-19 1980-08-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Thermographic plate for measuring temperature distributions
EP0016454A1 (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-01 Cristos Stremmenos Apparatus for surveying the thermal topography of a surface, in particular of human skin
EP0068661A2 (en) * 1981-06-10 1983-01-05 Vectra International Corporation Microencapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal temperature measuring device for determining the temperature of non-planar or planar surfaces
US4390275A (en) * 1979-12-13 1983-06-28 Erno-Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Measuring minute, local temperature differences
US4501503A (en) * 1979-06-04 1985-02-26 Vectra International Corporation Thermographic cholesteric coating compositions and plates
EP0150212A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-08-07 American Thermometer Co., Inc. Device for detecting, measuring and recording body thermal emissivity
US4676329A (en) * 1985-10-18 1987-06-30 Arthur Reichmuth Weighing apparatus including auxiliary tare store means
USRE32743E (en) * 1979-10-25 1988-09-06 E-Z-Em, Inc. Apparatus for detecting temperature variations over selected regions of living tissue, and method thereof
US20020113057A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-22 Lerner William S. Heat alert safety device for smoothtop stoves and other hot surfaces
US20030192874A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US20030192873A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using light emitting diodes
US20030192872A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning devices directly applicable to hot surfaces
US20040004069A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-01-08 Lerner William S. Heat warning devices directly applicable to hot surfaces
US20040112887A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-06-17 Lerner William S. Method of warning individuals about hot surfaces on stoves including cooktops
US20040149720A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-08-05 Lerner William S. Method of warning individuals about hot surfaces on portable grills and other appliances
US20040188414A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-09-30 Lerner William S. Heat alert safety device for hot surfaces
US20040238524A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2004-12-02 Lerner William S. Method using light emitting diodes of warning individuals about hot surfaces on stoves
US20050064354A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2005-03-24 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US20050242296A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-03 Kleinerman Marcos Y Optical detectors for infrared, sub-millimeter and high energy radiation
US20060081602A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Lerner William S Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US7112766B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2006-09-26 Lerner William S Enhanced visibility heat alert safety device for hot surfaces
US20060214113A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-09-28 Kleinerman Marcos Y Optical detectors for infrared, sub-millimeter and high energy radiation
US20150173679A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Kent State University Thermochromic fabrics utilizing cholesteric liquid crystal material
US20200256565A1 (en) * 2018-08-02 2020-08-13 Micheal Kieren Stovetop covering system

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135497A (en) * 1977-03-18 1979-01-23 E-Z-Em Company, Inc. Apparatus for detecting temperature variations over selected regions of living tissue, and method thereof
DE7819870U1 (de) * 1978-07-01 1978-11-09 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Aufnahmeapparatur fuer die plattenthermographie
FR2452910A1 (fr) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-31 Thermoscreen Dispositif de thermographie de contact, notamment de thermographie mammaire
US4301054A (en) * 1979-06-04 1981-11-17 Thermal Imagery, Inc. Thermographic cholesteric coating compositions
US4441508A (en) * 1979-06-04 1984-04-10 Vectra International Corporation Thermographic cholesteric coating compositions and plates
US4917476A (en) * 1985-06-21 1990-04-17 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Thermal imagers using liquid crystal sensing elements
GB2247082B (en) * 1990-08-15 1994-02-16 James Caldwell Harvey Universal mount for a specimen holder
DE102009053927A1 (de) * 2009-11-19 2011-05-26 On Point Indicators Gmbh Temperaturindikator für die optische Anzeige einer Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4217373A (en) * 1975-08-19 1980-08-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Thermographic plate for measuring temperature distributions
US4132464A (en) * 1976-02-06 1979-01-02 Hideki Ishii Liquid crystal device
EP0016454A1 (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-01 Cristos Stremmenos Apparatus for surveying the thermal topography of a surface, in particular of human skin
US4433637A (en) 1979-06-04 1984-02-28 Vectra International Corporation Microencapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal temperature measuring device for determining the temperature of non-planar or planar surfaces
US4501503A (en) * 1979-06-04 1985-02-26 Vectra International Corporation Thermographic cholesteric coating compositions and plates
USRE32743E (en) * 1979-10-25 1988-09-06 E-Z-Em, Inc. Apparatus for detecting temperature variations over selected regions of living tissue, and method thereof
US4390275A (en) * 1979-12-13 1983-06-28 Erno-Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Measuring minute, local temperature differences
EP0068661A2 (en) * 1981-06-10 1983-01-05 Vectra International Corporation Microencapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal temperature measuring device for determining the temperature of non-planar or planar surfaces
EP0068661A3 (en) * 1981-06-10 1984-05-16 Vectra International Corporation Microencapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal temperature measuring device for determining the temperature of non-planar or planar surfaces
EP0150212A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-08-07 American Thermometer Co., Inc. Device for detecting, measuring and recording body thermal emissivity
EP0150212A4 (en) * 1983-07-20 1987-09-07 American Thermometer DEVICE FOR DETECTING, MEASURING AND RECORDING THE THERMAL EMISSION POWER OF A BODY.
US4676329A (en) * 1985-10-18 1987-06-30 Arthur Reichmuth Weighing apparatus including auxiliary tare store means
US6639190B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-28 William S. Lerner Heat alert safety device for smoothtop stoves and other hot surfaces
US7112766B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2006-09-26 Lerner William S Enhanced visibility heat alert safety device for hot surfaces
US20030192873A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using light emitting diodes
US20030192872A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning devices directly applicable to hot surfaces
US20020113057A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-22 Lerner William S. Heat alert safety device for smoothtop stoves and other hot surfaces
US20040004069A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-01-08 Lerner William S. Heat warning devices directly applicable to hot surfaces
US20040112887A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-06-17 Lerner William S. Method of warning individuals about hot surfaces on stoves including cooktops
US20040149720A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-08-05 Lerner William S. Method of warning individuals about hot surfaces on portable grills and other appliances
US20040188414A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-09-30 Lerner William S. Heat alert safety device for hot surfaces
US6806444B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2004-10-19 William S. Lerner Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US20030192874A1 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-10-16 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US20040238524A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2004-12-02 Lerner William S. Method using light emitting diodes of warning individuals about hot surfaces on stoves
US20050064354A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2005-03-24 Lerner William S. Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US7173221B2 (en) 2003-05-28 2007-02-06 Lerner William S Excessive temperature warning device using warning symbol outside fiber optic cable or light guide
US20050242296A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-03 Kleinerman Marcos Y Optical detectors for infrared, sub-millimeter and high energy radiation
US20060214113A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-09-28 Kleinerman Marcos Y Optical detectors for infrared, sub-millimeter and high energy radiation
US7586106B2 (en) * 2004-04-28 2009-09-08 Kleinerman Marcos Y Optical detectors for infrared, sub-millimeter and high energy radiation
US20060081602A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Lerner William S Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US7087865B2 (en) 2004-10-15 2006-08-08 Lerner William S Heat warning safety device using fiber optic cables
US20150173679A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Kent State University Thermochromic fabrics utilizing cholesteric liquid crystal material
US10660571B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2020-05-26 Kent State University Thermochromic fabrics utilizing cholesteric liquid crystal material
US20200256565A1 (en) * 2018-08-02 2020-08-13 Micheal Kieren Stovetop covering system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU471693B2 (en) 1976-04-29
FR2110505A5 (nl) 1972-06-02
DE2152277A1 (de) 1972-04-27
GB1376611A (en) 1974-12-11
GB1376612A (en) 1974-12-11
AU4169772A (en) 1973-11-01
CH540785A (fr) 1973-08-31
BE782905A (fr) 1972-09-01
AU8788575A (en) 1977-06-30
NL7114407A (nl) 1972-04-24
DE2152277B2 (nl) 1975-11-20

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